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N., Swarnakumari
- Efficacy of formulation of nematode antagonistic bacterium, Pasteuria penetrans (Thorne) Sayre and Starr, 1985 against ischolar_main-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
Authors
1 Department of Nematology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 35, No 3 (2021), Pagination: 146-152Abstract
Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. are extremely polyphagous pests of both tropical and subtropical crops that cause a great reduction in crop yields and quality. In vegetable production, 10–30% yield loss is caused by ischolar_main-knot nematode infestation. Pasteuria penetrans is a hyperparasitic bacterium of M. incognita that has a high degree of biocontrol potential. Though, the application of P. penetrans in the form of ischolar_main powder had been tested by a few scientists in the nurseries, it is highly impractical in the main fields. Commercial formulation of this bacterium is not available in India till date. Based on these facts, four different formulations of P. penetrans viz., kaolinite clay, Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC), wettable talc powder and sodium alginate beads were prepared and tested for its parasitization potential. Among the four, EC formulation showed the highest parasitization potential of 84.6% with a spore load of 11.2/J2 (second stage juvenile). These formulations were stored under room temperature (27±1ºC) to record spore viability. The observation showed that the spores were viable upto 60 days with the highest parasitization of 84.7% in EC formulation. An in-vitro test was carried out in tomato plants to document the infection in M. incognita by endospores released from the formulations. The observation also showed that the spores released from the formulations were multiplied in the female body. Two cell stage and four cell stages of spores were observed in J3 and pre-adult stages of the nematode. The results of this study showed that the EC formulation is highly suitable for field application.
Keywords
Formulation, Meloidogyne incognita, Pasteuria penetrans, Parasitization, Shelf-lifeFull Text
- Isolation and in vitro studies on indigenous fungi against ischolar_main-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
Authors
1 Department of Nematology, AC&RI, TNAU, Coimbatore – 641 003, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology, AC&RI, TNAU, Coimbatore – 641 003, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 35, No 3 (2021), Pagination: 153-160Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the indigenous fungi from soil against the ischolar_main knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Eleven isolates were isolated and screened for their efficacy against nematode under in vitro condition for egg hatching and juvenile mortality. The results revealed that the isolate F6 showed the highest egg hatching inhibition (88.5%) followed by F11 and F7 compared to control after incubation for 72 h. The highest juvenile mortality of 73% was recorded in isolate F6 followed by F11 and F9 after 72 h. Isolate F6 was morphologically and molecularly identified as Talaromyces pinophilus and F9 and F11 were identified as Aspergillus corrugates and Aspergillus nidulans. Among the fungi, T. pinophilus was found to be highly effective against ischolar_main knot nematode.
Keywords
Indigenous fungi, culture filtrate, in vitro, Meloidogyne incognita, Talaromyces pinophilusFull Text