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Singh, Sujan

• Studies on Foliage Dieses of Poplars

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Authors

Sujan Singh , P. C. Pandey , Ajab Singh , Ram Bahadur , S. N. Mukherjee

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 117, No 2 (1991), Pagination: 135-142

Abstract

Symptoms of poplar diseases caused by five major foliage pathogens namely Phyllosticta adjuncta. Myrothecium roridum. Sclerotium rolfsii. Sphaceloma populi and Alternaria alternata are described in this paper. Field observations indicate that P. adjuncta, M. roridum and to some extent S. populi remained on poplar plants in nurseries for longest time while attack of S. rolfsii and A. alternata is confined to lower leaves during monsoon peiod only. Nursery bed with old infected leaves significantly increase the incidence of foliage diseases on paplar plants as compared to beds Cree Crom old leaves. Out of 19 clones of Populus deltoides and 3 of P × euramericana tested for their field resistance against foliage diseases, Done Is found resistant. However attack of foliage pathogens on clones 0-121, G-48, 0-153, G-3 and 6351 of P. Deltoides are significantly less than other clones and hence may be classed as moderately resistance clones. P. deltoides clones, IC, 65/27, 0-100, 6244 and 69/65 are found susceptible and the remaining cIones (Clones 6330, PC-75/6421, 3672, 6358, 6408, 3368, 3231, 2670 and 3196 of P. deltoides and clones 45/51, I-214 and Carppaccio of P. × euramericana) are highly suceptible to foliage diseases. Out of five fungicides namely captaf, dithane M-45, capptacol, blitox and bavistin screened in the laboratory by poisoned food technique. Bavistin at 0.05 per cent (a. i.) and dithane M-45 at 0.25 per cent (a.i.) are effective against both P. adjuncta and M. roridum.

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• Rolling of Logs in Felling Coupes: a Potential Disease Hazard in Coniferous Forests

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Authors

Sujan Singh , P. C. Pandey

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 115, No 4 (1989), Pagination: 243-249

Abstract

Field investigations conducted in five felling coupes of Rampur and Kotgarh Forest Divisions (Himachal Pradesh) during 1985 and 1986 showed that out of 250 trees assessed, 77.2 per cent were wounded by rolling of billets after felling along hill slopes for their subsequent collection at road side. Fungal decay had established on 49.5 per cent of a total of 367 wounds and was 1 cm and more in depth in 54.6 per cent of infected wounds. Incidence of wounding on trunk and ischolar_main and butt regions was more or less same. Three types of fungi namely sap rot funei (confined to dead sapwood), trunk-rot fungi and ischolar_main and butt-rot fungi were detected on the infected wounds. Polyporus schweinitzii and Fomes geotropus were indentified as trunk-rot fungi and Heterobasidion annosum and Armillarielia mellea as ischolar_main-fot pathogens. Field investigations indicated that out of a total of 367 wounds on 250 assessed trees, 193 wounds would take more than 10 years, out of which 64 will take more than 10 years to get callused over. The risk of their being colonized by trunk and ischolar_main-rot pathogens would thus remain very high.

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• Brown Root-rot of Poplars

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Authors

Sujan Singh , P. C. Pandey

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 115, No 9 (1989), Pagination: 661-669

Abstract

The paper deals with investigations on a new ischolar_main-rot disease of poplars caused by Fomes noxius in Tarai Central Forest Division, Uttar Pradesh. Disease symptoms are given. Mortality in 1981 and 1976 plantations of Populus deltoides (G-3, D-61, D-67 and G-48 clones) ranged from 7-12 per cent. The disease was found to have established mainly through basal wounds on trees caused by tractor blades during ploughing in between poplar lines for raising agricultural crops though establishment of disease from infected ischolar_mains of previous crop lying buried in the soil was also observed Incidence of tractor blade injuries ranged from 16-48 per cent on standing crop. The fungus did not spread freely in unsterilized soil in laboratory experiments. Spread of the disease in the plantations was found through contact between diseased and healthy ischolar_mains of adjacent trees Fomes noxius was found to exist in old mixed plantations. The fungus also produced abundant fruit bodies on stumps of poplars left after felling diseased crops. Control of the disease is recommended by avoiding basal injuries during cultivation of agricultural crop, raising new poplar lines inbetween old lines and isolation of diseased patches by semi-circular trenches.

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• Relative Resistance of Pines to Cercoseptoria Needle Blight in India

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Authors

Sujan Singh , S. N. Khan

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 114, No 2 (1988), Pagination: 84-88

Abstract

The paper deals with field resistance of different hard pines being raised in plantations in India against Cercoseptoria needle blight disease. Based on field observations, Pinus radiata, P. roxburghii. P. oocarpa and P. caribaea var. bahamensis are categorized as susceptible to the disease. P. caribaea var. caribaea, P. greggii, P. pseudostrobus and P. patula are categorized as moderately resistant in plantations which are raised out side their natural temperature zones but resistant in plantations raised in their natural temperature zones. P. kesiya, P. elliottii and P. c1ausa are found resistant to the disease.

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• Diseases and Deterioration of Bamboos in India

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Authors

A. N. Shukla , Sujan Singh , H. S. Sehgal

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 114, No 10 (1988), Pagination: 714-719

Abstract

This paper is a review of the work done on fungi associated with the ischolar_mains, rhizome, stem, culm and foliage of different species of bamboos occurring in India and the diseases and deterioration caused by them.

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• Two New Species and some Noteworthy Records on Fungi on Indian Conifers

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Authors

Sujan Singh , S. N. Khan , B. M. Misra

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 113, No 5 (1987), Pagination: 359-365

Abstract

The paper deals with five important pathogens occurring on conifers in India. A new species of Ploioderma, P.cedri, is reported to cause premature defoliation of infected needles in deodar. Technical description of the species is given. Caeoma himalayensis sp. nov. is recorded on fir needles and is described. The species is considered as conspecific with either Melampsora ciliata on Populus ciliata or M. capraearum on Salix tetrasperma. Discosia strobilina is recorded on spruce needles for the first time. Coleosporium himalayensis on blue pine needles is a new record from India. Periodermium piceae attacking spruce needles is confirmed as alternate stage of Chrysomyx himalensis on Rhododendron arboreum by cross inoculations.

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• Effect of Fungicide Treatment of Soil on Mycorrhizal Development in Pines

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Authors

Sujan Singh , S. N. Mukherjee , Suresh Chandra

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 113, No 10 (1987), Pagination: 681-683

Abstract

Treatmont of potting mixture with fungicides (ditbane M-45, blue copper, brassicol and captaf) was observed to delay mycorrhizal development in pine seedlings in experiment conducted in a New Forest Nursery though such treatment did not affect the viability of mycorrhizl inoculum. Treatment of polythene soil with fungicides and mycorrhizal inoculation of the same can therefore be done simultaneously for control of damping off fungi as well as development of mycorrhiza in ischolar_mains of pine seedlings Mycorrhizal development was earlier in pine seedlings pricked in April than in those pricked in November-December.

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• Forest Pathology in India: Problems and Control Strategies

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Authors

Sujan Singh

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 111, No 11 (1985), Pagination: 1038-1052

Abstract

The paper highlights disease problems of Indian forests and control strategies which have generally been adopted in the country. Diseases in forest and social forestry nurseries may be caused by soil-inhabiting pathogens/ occurring in nearby plantations or natural forests/pathogens inadvertently introduced from other regions of the country or from foreign countries on planting material. In natural forests, heart-rot diseases caused greatest losses inmerchantable timber. Root-rots generally remain in endemic from unless there is some deviation in prescribed management practices. Plantations raised on forest sites suffer most from ischolar_main-rot pathogens. Sissoo and Casuarina suffer from wilt diseases; former when raised on unsuitable site and the latter when subjected to illicit lopping and injudicious pruning. Poplars subjected to tractor blade injuries in agro-forestry plantations suffer from hear-rots. Exotic trees in plantations suffer from indigenous pathogens as well as from pathogens in advertently introduced into the country. The latter may sometimes cause heavy damage to susceptible indigenous tree species. Most of the serious diseases occurring in forest areas have been recorded in social forestry plantations which in addition may also suffer from diseases present on agriculture crops. In forestry crops, approach towards integrated control measures based on the principles of exclusion, avoidance, eradication and protection is most appropriate. A pethogen may be excluded from a forest area through effective quarantine practices. The principle of avoidance can be practised by refraining from planting of tree species where their pathogens are expected to develop in epidemic form. Eradication of a disease from a particular area can be effected by destruction of infected trees or tree parts/fungal fruit bodies/alternate hosts of rust pathogens. Protection to trees against diseases can be afforded through amendment of silvicultural practices, by giving prophyllactic spray of fungicides, through use of innocuous fungi as protectants and through genetic resistance.

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• Gummosis, Brown Spot and Seedling Mortality in Su-babul I. Disease Incidence and Pathology of the Host

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Authors

Sujan Singh , S. N. Khan , B. M. Misra

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 109, No 4 (1983), Pagination: 185-192

Abstract

A serious disease causing gummosis and canker on stem, branches, racbii and peduncles; dark brown spots on leaflets, rachii, peduncles, young twigs, pods and seed and morlity in natural regeneration is recorded on various varieties of Leucoena leucocephala and on L. diversifolia incidence and intensity of the disease in different localities and detailed symptoms are given. The causal fungus is identified as Fusarium semitectum. The fungus has been described in culture isolated from diseased Leucaena plants. The disease was successfully reproduced on healthy plants by artificial inoculations of both stem and leaves. Cankers were found to take double the time to deVelop on stem when inoculations were made on intact surface (72 days) than on injured sUrface (36 days). Root-rot in seedlings was also successfully reproduced by sowing seeds inoculated with F. semitectum. Studies on pathological anatomy of diseased parts revealed that in stem and branches, gum cavities were formed in Phloem and Phelloderm tissues Some gummy deposits were also observed in epidormal and pallisie tissue of leaffets, in exocarp cells of affeectcd pods, in intervening spaces of sub-epidermal cells and in parenchyma cells of seed coats and in cortical cells of arfected roals. Fungal hyphae were found to spread both intra and intercellularly in the affected tissues.

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• Control of Cercoseptoria Needle Blight of Pines in Nurseries by Fungicides

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Authors

Sujan Singh , S. N. Khan , B. M. Misra , D. S. Rawat

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 109, No 8 (1983), Pagination: 578-586

Abstract

The paper deals with experiments carried out to control Cercoseptoria needle flight of pines in nurseries. Seedlings of Pinus roxburghii, an indigenous pine, and P. greggii, an exotic pine, were used as test species. After screening seven fungicides (dithane M-45, dithane Z-78, cuman L, calixin, bavistin, blitox and karathane) at their prescribed dosages, dithane M-45 and cuman L for P. greggii and dithane Z-78 and calixin along with the above two fungicides for P. roxburghii were selected on the basis of their better performance for testing at higher dosages as none of the seven fungicides effectively controlled the disease at their prescribed dosages. Dithane M-45 and cuman L were found effective at 0.6 per cent concentration in controlling Cercosptoria needle blight on P. greggii in these experiments. On P. roxburghii, however, none of the four fungicides controlled the disease even at highest tested dosages (0.8 per cent except calixin in which case, higher dose was (0.6 per cent). In subsequent experiments where still higher dosages were tested, dithane M-45 and dithane Z-78 effectively controlled the disease on P. roxburghii at 1.0 per cent concentration while in case of calixin the minimal effective dose was found as 0.8 per cent. None of these fungicides had any toxic effect on P. roxburghii seedlings at the higher dosages.

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• Some New and Noteworthy Diseases of Poplars in India

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Authors

Sujan Singh , S. N. Khan , B. M. Misra

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 109, No 9 (1983), Pagination: 636-644

Abstract

Four new diseases of poplars namely Botryodiplodia sett-rot, Altremaria tip hlight. Cladosporium leaf spot and Fusarium pink incrustation are described in this paper. Botryodiplodia paimarum causes sett-rot of poplars both at pre-sprouting and post-sprouting stage The pathogen also causes mortality of poplar plants in the field within 4-6 weeks alter planting. Alternaria stage of Pleospara infectoria has been found as the cause of blackening and dying of growing tips and young leaves of a Populus sp. & P. deltoides in nurseries. Cladosporium hlumile has been recorded as the cause of brown spot followed by crumpling and premature of shedling of leaves in P. ciliata. P. nigra and P. alha. The cause of Fusarium incruatation disease on P. ciliata bas been identified as Fusarium sp. of Gibbosum group Pathogenicity of Batryodiplodia palmaram & Ailernaria stage of Pleospora infectoria was confirmed by artificial inoculations. Brief descriptions of Ailernaria. Cladosporium & Fusarium are also given. The paper also gives a short account of some noteworthy diseases recorded on poplars namely Ganoderma ischolar_main rot, foliage rusts and stem cankers. Ganoderma ischolar_main-rot is found to reach alarming proporthlns in closely spaced poplar plantations. Melampsora Ciliata, an indigenous fust, is found to attack many clones of P deltoides, P. yunnannensis, P. trichocarpa, P. alba and some cultivars of P. x euramericana in nurseries. A brief account of three types of stem cankers i.e.can kers due to pink disease fungus, Corticium salmonicolor. Sun-scald cankers and cankers associated with slime flux on various clones of of P. deltoides is also given.

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• Status of Melamipsora Rusts on Poplars in India

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Authors

Sujan Singh , S. N. Khan , B. M. Misra

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 109, No 10 (1983), Pagination: 743-747

Abstract

The paper deals with present status of Melampsora rusts on poplars in India. No exotic rust pathogen bas so for been recorded in nurseries and plantations of exotic poplars in the country. Melampsora ciliata, an indigenous rust attacking Poplur ciliata in nurseries, plantations and natural forests in the Himalayas, has however, been recorded in various clones of Populus deltoides. P alba, P. nigra. P. yunnanensis, P. trichocarpa, and many cultivars of P. x euroamericana. It is suggested that to check inadvertent entry of exotic rust pathogens, a certificate from exporting countries stating that the cuttings have been collected from areas were rust pathogens do not exist should be insisted. To check introduction of M. ciliata in plantations of exotic poplars in plain areas of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana States, a restriction should be imposed that no cuttings collected from rust infected localities should be introduced in these areas.

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• Gummosis, Brown Spot and Seedling Mortality in Su-babul 2. Epidemiology and Control of the Disease

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Authors

Sujan Singh , S. N. Khan , B. M. Misra

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 109, No 11 (1983), Pagination: 810-821

Abstract

The paper deals with studies on epidemiology and cuntrol of gummosis, brown spot and seedling mortality of Su-babul in plantations caused by Fusarium semirecium. Studies revealed that nearly 50 per cent of the seeds collected from diseased planlation were infected by the disease pathogen and 70 percent infected seeds either failed to germinate or seedlings were killed within 60 day after germination. Only 13 percent of diseased seeds grew into diseased plants. Primary infection on Sub-babul was found to take place from collateral bosts infected by F. semitectum and occurring withia Sub-babul plantations. Ten collateral hosts namely Cassia fistula. C. tora, Cymhopogon citrutus, Cyperus rotundis, Dendracalamus strictus, Diospyros melanoxylon, Gynodropsis sp , Lantana camara, Murraya koenigli and Sacchorum munja were found infected by F. semetectum in sub-babul plantations. Pathogenicity of the isolates of F. semitectum obtnained from most of the above hosts was confirmed by inoculation experiments. All the above hosts, Dendrocalamus vulgare and Mollocanna baecifera were found as new host records for F. semitectum. Subsequent spread of gnmmosis and canker disease in Sub-babul plantations was found through spores produced on infected seeds, pods and twigs fallen on the ground and through contact of juvenile parts of Su-babul plants with infected Parts of the adjoining diseased plants. Main disease sread was found to take place during first two years of the plantations. While disease spread within plants continued through out the year, plant to plant spread was found to have taken place during monsoon months only. Infection of F. semitectum in Sub-babul seeds was effectively eradicated by giving a 15 minutes dip treatment to infected seeds in 0.1 per cent solutiDn of emisan (Methoxy ethyl mercury chloride) containing 6 per cent mercury. Disease development and spread effectivelly checked by conducting two weedings one in July and the other in October up to 0.3 m radius around the plants along with pruning of lower branches upto one third of plant height during first two yeas of plantation growth.

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• cercospora Needle Blight: a Potential Threat to Indigenous Pines in India

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Authors

Sujan Singh

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 108, No 4 (1982), Pagination: 314-318

Abstract

Cercospora needle blight hither-to reported on pine seedlings in nursery stage, is now recorded on two indigenous pines, Pinus roxburghil and Pinus wallichiana on natural regeneration and in plantations. All the four species of exotic pines namely P. caribaea, P. patula, P. elliotti and P. greggii which are being raised extensively in plantations were found to develop resistance against attack of Cercospora needle blight in plantations though they were severely attacked by the disease in nurseries. The pathogen is of exotic origin and is an inadvertent introductioniInto the country. It is still localized to areas where exotic pines have been raised. Measures are suggested to eradicate the causal fungus, Cercoseptoria pini-densiflorac, from the infected nurseries at this stage as such eradication may become difficult when the fungus establishes itself in natural zones of P. roxburghii and P. wallichiana.

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• Mortality of Exotic Pines in Plantation in India

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Authors

Sujan Singh , S. N. Khan

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 108, No 10 (1982), Pagination: 653-659

Abstract

Mortality of exotic pines in plantations Was recorded due to ischolar_main-rot caused by Armilluriella mellea in North Bengal and due to development of deformed ischolar_main system in Uttar Pradesh and Jdgdalpur (Madhya Pradesh). A. mellea exists in endemic stage in natural forests and developed a high inoculum potential on residual stumps after clearfelling natural forests. Infection of pines took place when pine ischolar_mains came in contact with infected ischolar_mains of decaying stumps. The fungus fromed abundant fruit bodies on decaying stumps and on dead pine plants. Absence of pine to pine spread of disease in the plantations indicates that the disease does not pose any 'serious problem at this stage. Armillariella ischolar_main-rot in exotic pines is recorded for the first time in India. Development of deformed roof system may occur when the bag is left intact at the time of planting or when proper care is not taken at the time of pricking the seedlings in polythene bags or planting in the field. Recommendations are,given to encourage healthy ischolar_main development in exotic pines by taking adequuate precautions at different stages of planting operations.

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• Gummosis and Canker in Cashew (anacardium occidentale Linn.)

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Authors

Sujan Singh , B. M. Misra

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 106, No 3 (1980), Pagination: 220-223

Abstract

The cause of serious gummosis and canker disease of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) in Chingleput Forest Division, Tamil Nadu State, is identified as Hendersonna latoruloiea Nattrass. The pathogen is described in culture and also as it occurs in nature The disease symptoms include cankers on the bark, dark gray to black discolouration in Wood and abundant tyloses in the vessels, the cankers were successfully reproduced by artificial inoculations on plants of Morus alba Linn which is known to suffer from cankers due to H. toruloidea Measures to control the disease are outlined.

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• Diseases of Plantation Trees in Fiji Islands I Brown Root Rot of Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King)

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Authors

Sujan Singh , Irami Bola , J. Kumar

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 106, No 8 (1980), Pagination: 526-532

Abstract

Extensive mortality in mahogany plantations in Fiji Islands was found due to decay of ischolar_mains by Fomes noxius. Main disease symptoms include brown incrustation on the bark and white pocket rot in the wood of ischolar_mains and stems of affected trees. The disease spreads strictly by ischolar_main contact. Primary infection takes place through contact of mahogany ischolar_mains with infacted ischolar_mains of felled or poisoned standing trees of the original forest. Subsequent spread in lines takes place through ischolar_main contact between diseased and healthy mahogany plants. Plants upto 10 years age may be killed out right while in older plants, the disease establishes as butt rot. Pruning of tap ischolar_main before planting was found to have encouraged the development of more lateral ischolar_mains than in plants raised from direct seed sowing. An attempt was made to identify the species of infection sources in 1967, 1969, 1970 and 1971 plantations. In 44 infection centres, 15 species of natural forests were identified which had been colonized by F. noxius and thus had served as source of infection to mahogany plants. F.noxius was found to attack and kill many tree species in natural forests but infection centres were confined to limited areas only. Measures are outlined for future work on possible control of the disease.

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• Studies on Pink Disease of Eucalyptus

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Authors

Sujan Singh , R. K. Tewari , S. N. Mukebjee

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 105, No 1 (1979), Pagination: 68-72

Abstract

Eucolyptus tereticornis and E grandis are extensivly planted throught India for industrial wood. In their indigenous home, these specie did not develop the natural resistance against the pink disease pathogen, Colicin olmammice In high rainfall areas in India the species have suffered from catastrophic damage due to this disease which occurs indigenously on many hosts in India, The epidemiology and symptoms of the diseas, pathogenicitY of the fungus have been studied. Field trials ShOWed that E. toelliana, E. diglupra, Bischfire jwauniica and Pterocymbium tinctorium among others showed ,good performance and resistant to pink disease to warraot further large scale field trials.

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• Protection of Sal Seeds in Storage against Moulds

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Authors

Sujan Singh , V. P. S. Verma , R. K. Suri

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 105, No 11 (1979), Pagination: 811-815

Abstract

Increasing use of sal seed oil in industry has necessitated prolonged storage of sal seeds after collection during seed fall which occurs during a short span of 4-6 weeks in June/July sal seeds in storage were found to be attacked by a mould fungus identified as Aspergillus niger Van Tieghem. The incidence of infection was assessed as 18-100 percent in seeds stored in different lots in Minor Forest Products Branch. In laboratory experiments, A. niger was found to attack sal seeds under atmospheric humidity of 95 and 81 percent while infection did not take place under atmospheric humidity of 75 percent and below when average moisture percent in seeds was 12.3 percent and less. In another experiment, 3cc of oil obtained from Eucalyptus hybrid leaves was found effective in checking infection by A. niger on seeds in app. 1000cc of space under ideal conditions of fungal growth. Sal seeds can thus be stored healthy for prolonged periods by reducing moisture contents in seeds to about 12 percent or by treatment of seeds with Eucalyptus hybrid oil when drying of seeds is not possible.

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• Twig Blight and Pod Blackening of Cacao (Thkobroma cacao Linn.)

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Authors

Sujan Singh , P. C. Pandey , B. M. Misra

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 103, No 7 (1977), Pagination: 483-485

Abstract

Botryodiplodia theobrpmae Pat. is described as the cause of twig blight and pod blackening of Cacao (Tkeobroma cacaa Linn.) in Pattanaika Research Garden (Puri), Orissa State. The pathogen caused top dying of plants and also sporadic mortality and serioasly affected the fruit production. Pruning affected branches removal and destraction of diseased fruits and a propbylactic protection with a copper based fungicide are suggested to control the disease.

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• Wilt Disease of Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.)

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Authors

B. K. Bakshi , Sujan Singh

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 80, No 6 (1954), Pagination: 316-322

Abstract

This is the first in the series of articles dealing with the wilt disease of shisham, the localities of occurrence of the disease, its symptoms, the fungus causing wilt and its life-history, the occurrence and effects of the fungus on the host. A detailed summary is given at the end.

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• New and Noteworthy Diseases of Trees in India - Diseases due to Polyporus tulipiferae, Hypoxylon ustulatum and Polyporus rubidus

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Authors

B. K. Bakshi , Y. N. Puri , R. P. Sharma , Sujan Singh , Balwant Singh

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 82, No 9 (1956), Pagination: 449-454

Abstract

No abstract

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• Root Diseases of Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.)

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Authors

B. K. Bakshi , K. K. Arora , Sujan Singh

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 83, No 9 (1957), Pagination: 555-558

Abstract

A significant correlation has been observed between the soil texture and the incidence of ischolar_main diseases in shisham. In sand or loamy sand soils, shisham grows healthy. Root diseases which begin to manifest on shisham growing in sandy loam soils, increase to high proportion in clay loam or clay soils. In plantations of the species, soil texture should determine whether the site is suitable for shisham. No such correlation has however been found between pH of soils and disease incidence in shisham.

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• A Note on Decay Resistance of Teak, Shisham and Khair

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Authors

B. K. Bakshi , Y. N. Puri , Sujan Singh , R. P. Sharma

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 87, No 1 (1961), Pagination: 40-41

Abstract

No abstract

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• Fungus Flora of South Andamans

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Authors

Sujan Singh , Balwant Singh , B. K. Bakshi

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 87, No 4 (1961), Pagination: 248-250

Abstract

No abstract

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• New and Noteworthy Records of some Mildews and Rusts on Indian Trees

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Authors

B. K. Bakshi , Sujan Singh

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 87, No 9 (1961), Pagination: 542-545

Abstract

No abstract

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• Root Diseases of Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) VII. Physiological Studies on the Wilt Organism, Fursarium Solani

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Authors

B. K. Bakshi , K. K. Arora , Sujan Singh

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 85, No 5 (1959), Pagination: 310-313

Abstract

No abstract

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• Root Diseases of Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.)

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Authors

B. K. Bakshi , Sujan Singh

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 85, No 7 (1959), Pagination: 415-421

Abstract

The parasitism of Fusarium solani (Martius) Appel and Wollenweber forma dalbergiae Gordon, causing wilt in shisham was established by artificial inoculations with the fungus on shisham. All the symptoms of wilt observed in nature could be reproduced on inoculated trees.

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• Mortality of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.

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Authors

B. K. Bakshi , Sujan Singh

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 90, No 1 (1964), Pagination: 15-18

Abstract

Eucalyptus citriodora Hook., an exotic in India, and raised in plantations in Bijnor, U.P. since 1957 is dying in large numbers. The symptoms of the disease include drying up of leaves on the crown, large cankers on stem, gum veins, and false rings. The various causes, pathogenic and physiogenic, in the mortality of the species are analysed. In its native habitat in Australia E. citriodora cannot stand even slight frost, while there are records of severe frost in the Bijnor plantations during 1960-61 and 1961-62. The symptoms of the disease are likely to be caused due to frost through fire could also be a contributing factor, both of which could be ascribed as probable causes of large scale dying of the species.

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• Notes on Some Indian Tree Rusts

Abstract Views :182  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

Sujan Singh , B. K. Bakshi

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 90, No 7 (1964), Pagination: 469-472

Abstract

No abstract

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• Field Survey of Mycorrhiza in Eucalypts and Pines

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Authors

Sujan Singh , Ashutosh Kumar

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 92, No 8 (1966), Pagination: 517-520

Abstract

Species of Eucalyptus possess mycorrhiza. Which is typically ectotrophic. Eucalypts are planted extensively in India. In this exotic home, no attempt is made to introduce mycorrhiza. However, Eucalyptus grandis and E. hybrid (probably E. tereticornis) planted extensively in South India usually developed mycorrhiza, which is likely to be useful to the eucalypts raised mostly in poor sites. Some species of exotic conifers are found to grow well in nurseries in South India. However, mycorrhiza is usually absent in them. Introduction of mycorrhiza appears necessary in order that the conifers may establish well when planted under forest conditions.

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• A New Root Rot Disease Complex in Teak

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Authors

B. K. Bakshi , Sujan Singh , Ujagar Singh

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 92, No 9 (1966), Pagination: 566-569

Abstract

The outbreak of a ischolar_main-rot disease in teak in Demonstration Area, New Forest which has already been noticed (Bakshi, 1966) is now described in detail. The pathogens concerned are Polyporus zonalis Berk and Peniophora rhizoomorpho-sulphurea sp. Nov. The decay in the ischolar_mains causes wind throw of affected trees. P. rhizomorpho-sulphurea is described from sporophore and in culture. P. zonalis which causes butt and ischolar_main-rot infects trees through injury. P. rhizomorpho-sulphurea possesses an ability of intense saprophytic colonization of stumps and spreads to adjoining trees mainly through rhizomorphs. Control of the diseases in the existing stand may be obtained by stump treatment, trenching and maintaining hygienic conditions.

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• Anthracnose Disease of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn.)its Cause, Epidemiology and Control

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Authors

Sujan Singh , H. S. Sehgal , P. C. Pandey , B. K. Bakshi

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 93, No 6 (1967), Pagination: 374-376

Abstract

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn.) is a valuable cash crop and a foreign exchange earner. Recently, there was an epidemic outbreak of an anthracnose disease of cashew in plantations in South India. The disease kills the flush, tender twigs and inflorelcence and thus seriously affects the yield of the fruit. The symptoms of the disease consist of dark brown shiny lesions followed by resin exuclation on the affected parts. Causal organism is identified as Collelotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. And is described as it occurs in nature. The control of the disease can be secured by chemicals using Bordeaux mixture or lime sulphur sprays. Spraying in the vulnerable period, quick coverage and spraying all diseased plantations, both private and government, are necessary to make any spray programme successful. The pathogen perennates on dead parts of the plant. Removal of infected parts of the plant and provision of wind breaks will also help in controlling the disease.

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• A Preliminary Note on Mycorrhiza formation in Chir Pine on Sand at Different N, P, K Levels

Abstract Views :232  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

Dinesh Kumar , Sujan Singh , H. S. Thapar , B. M. Misra

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 94, No 3 (1968), Pagination: 247-250

Abstract

Effect of different levels of N, P, & K on mycorrhizal development in 7 month old chir pine seedlings raised on acid washed sand was determined. Inoculations were done with active and washed mycorrhizal ischolar_mains when seedlings were two months old. Best results were obtained in ½ normal NPK (corresponding to 65 ppm N & P and 19.5 ppm K). Infection was good in ¼ normal NPK and in treatments containing N, K (normal) but without P and moderate in 2 normal P &in treatment where N was absent. Variations in dry weights of seedlings in different treatments were not statistically significant. Mycorrhizal fungi were generally active in inoculum or on ischolar_mains of seedlings as ectotrophic growth or both throughout the experiment. Experiments were conducted on sand culture so that these results may provide a supporting base for further nursery bed experiments to prescribe an optimum fertilizer dosage for both mycorrhiza and the host plant.

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• Natural Decay Resistance of Indian Timbers-v. Decay Resistance of Haldu (Adina cordifolia Hook.f.), Salai (Boswellia serrata Roxb), Walnut (Juglans regia Linn.), Mango (Mangifera Indica Linn.) and Bahera (Terminalia bellirica Roxb.)

Abstract Views :273  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

Y. N. Puri , Sujan Singh , S. N. Khan , B. K. Bakshi

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 94, No 8 (1968), Pagination: 609-619

Abstract

Results of studies on the natural decay resistance of 5 hardwood timber species, viz., haldu (Adina cordifolia Hook. F.), salai (Boswellia serrata Roxb.), mango (Mangifera indica Linn.), walnut (Juglans regia Linn.) and bahera Terminalia bellirica Roxb.) are reported. In all the species, except walnut, true heartwood is absent or formed only rarely. All are non-resistant against wood-rotting fungi. These findings based on laboratory tests correspond closely with the performance of the species in 'grave-yard' tests.

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• Khair Seedling Mortality in Plantations

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Authors

B. K. Bakshi , M. A. Ram Reddy , Sujan Singh , P. C. Pandey , S. N. Mukherjee

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 94, No 9 (1968), Pagination: 659-661

Abstract

In plantations in the Siwalik Forest Division, U.P. State, raised on site previously occupied by scrub forests, khair seedlings suffered a mortality of 14 per cent, of which 12 per cent could be ascribed due to attack by the ischolar_main parasite, Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.) Karst. The fungus, as endemic species in the natural forests, built up in the residual stumps which served as infection centres of high inoculum potential. The decayed stumps infected khair seedlings by direct ischolar_main contact and killed them. Removal of residual stumps and ischolar_mains from trenches prior to planting in order to remove the source of infection will bring the disease incidence to the minimum.

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• Dothistroma blight - a Potential Threat to Pinus radiata Plantations in India

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Authors

B. K. Bakshi , Sujan Singh

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 94, No 11 (1968), Pagination: 824-825

Abstract

Dothistroma pini Hulbary is known to cause serious losses in exotic pine plantations especially in Pinus radiata in East Africa, New Zealand and Chile. This pathogen is now recorded new in India on 3-year old P. radiata plants in Palni Hills, Madras State. The Indian strain is identified as D. pini Hulbary var. pini and is described as it occurs in India.

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• Natural Decay Resistance of Indian Timbers I. Introduction and Method, II. Decay Resistance of Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.) and Teak (Tectona grandis L.f)

Abstract Views :285  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

B. K. Bakshi , Y. N. puri , Sujan Singh

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 93, No 5 (1967), Pagination: 305-328

Abstract

Soil-block method for evaluation of natural decay resistance of timber under laboratory conditions is described in detail. Timbers are proposed to be classified into four decay resistance classes based on weight loss per cent in the blocks tested. This classification is based on the weight loss ranges as given in the U.S. Standard: ASTM: Designation: D2017-63, viz. 0-10% (very resistant), 11-24% (resistant), 25-44% (moderately resistant), and 45% and above (non-resistant), with the modification that each class is further divided into 3 sub-c1asses, to distinguish species within the main classes. Decay resistance of heartwood from 21 samples of sal ond 23 samples of teak, both from outer and the inner heartwood regions at the same radius, is tested. Sal heartwood, from outer zones, at the same radius is generally 'very resistant' (Av. Weight loss 0.20-4.19%). Some tendency towards a lesser decay resistance in the inner heartwood zone in quality class I & II sa1 is evident (weight loss 0.24-21.06%). No such difference, however, is evident in Sal trees of quality class III (weight loss 0.10-4,12%). Also, no difference in decay resistance with respect to vertical position of heartwood in the 3 trees of quality class III was noticed. Teak outer heartwood varies in decay resistance from very resistant to 'moderately resistant' (weight loss 1.98-25.63%). In older trees (age or heartwood 54-97 based on ring counts) inner heartwood is less resistant than 'outer' heartwood within the same sample. In younger trees (age of heartwood 11.47 hased on ring count.), entire heartwood of a sample is generally of the same resistance class and compares with inner heartwood of older trees. Variations in decay resistance appear to be correlated with age of trees, rate of growth and radial position of heartwood in the logs.

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• Disease Situation in Indian forests. I. Stem Diseases of Some Exotics Due to Cortlcium Salmonlcolor & Monochaetia unicornis

Abstract Views :180  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

B. K. Bakshi , M. A. Ram Reddy , Sujan Singh , P. C. Pandey

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 96, No 11 (1970), Pagination: 826-829

Abstract

Two damaging stem diseases on exotics are reported. They are the pink disease due to Corticium salmonicolor resulting in over 50 per cent mortality in 2-5 year plantations of Eucalyptus globulus in North Bengal. The fungus is also responsible for the serious twig blight in Populus casale, Casuarina montana and Podocarpus glacilior at New Forest, Dehra Dun. A serious oozing canker on stems and branches resulting in die back on 3 species of exotic cypress (Cupressus arizonica. C lusitanica and C. sempervirens) and Juniper (Jumperus procera) in New Forest is caused by Monochaetia unicornis, a new record in India. The causal organisms, hosts attacked, damage, factors predisposing plants to attack by the pathogens and control measures are described.

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• Role of a Precursor Fungus in Decay in Standing Teak

Abstract Views :227  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

Sujan Singh , R. K. Tewari

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 96, No 12 (1970), Pagination: 874-876

Abstract

Phialophora, a wood inhabiting non-decay fungus, was associated with decay in living teak. Prior colonisation of wood due to Phialophora accelerated decay due to three decay fungi in teak as determined from laboratory tests.

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• Susceptibility of Exotic Pines to Cronartium himalayense

Abstract Views :204  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

B. K. Bakshi , Sujan Singh

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 98, No 4 (1972), Pagination: 239-240

Abstract

Peridermium himalayense, the aecial stage of Cronartium himalayense on Indian chir pine, is recorded on Canary pine (Pinus canariensis), an exotic raised under 1965 trial planlation at Ranikhet, Western Himalayas. Where the chir pine and the rust both occur. The rust on Canary pine is highly destructive causing death of affected branches and the plant. P. patula, P. michoacana, P. pseudostrobus var. tenuifolia, P. pinea, P. montezumae, P. pseudostrobus, P. taeda, P. ayacahuite, P. ponderosa, P. radiata, P. sylvestris, P. pinaster, P. nigra, P. banksiana, P. kesiya, P. caribaea, P. elliottii and P. echinata raised in the localitly are so far free from attack due to the rust. Canary pine is planled extensively or on trial basis in many countries where Swertia may occur. The rust is likely to cause economic damage if inadvertently introduced in those countries.

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• Decay in Relation to Management of Dry Coppice Teak Forests

Abstract Views :192  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

Sujan Singh , Y. N. Puri , B. K. Bakshi

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 99, No 7 (1973), Pagination: 421-430

Abstract

In dry teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) forests in Gujarat state, the present system of coppicing flush with the grouad results in about 50 percent of trees becoming decayed at the end of the rotation. The decay is present in the lower part of the trees and may extend up tn 2-4m on the stem. Any, form of felling, including coppicing, results in injuries through which decay, establishes in the stools. Such decay migrates into callus shoots and high side shoots which constitute about 80 per cent of the present crop, because of the intimate heartwood conneciion established between the shoot and the stool. Low side shoots which constitute about 20 percent of the crop, however, remain free from decay as the heartwood connention with the stool is not established. Coppice teak forests sbould therefore be managed in a way that low side shoots are encouraged to develop and constitute the ultimate crop. Low copplcing results in cutting away of dormant buds which are present at the base of the tree and thus affect the sprouting at that level affecting frequency of low side shoots. In high coppicing, development of callus shoots is inhibited due to rapid drying and shrinkage of wood at the cut surface, causing separation from the bark. Also in high felling in a dry locality, even if the upper part dies the base of the stem remains alive to encourage development of side shoots. Based on the above premises, experiments were laid down in Godhra Forest Div., Gujarat State, where coppicing was done at different heights adjusting coppicing heights from ground leve1 to 25 cm at intervals of 5 cm. Copplcing at 10-15 cm was found ideal when low side soots were encouraged while callus and high side shoots discouraged to develop. Also, at these heights, adequate number of stools with low side shoots became available to select maximum number of low side shoots evenly distributed in the stand. Cleaning in the fifth year as is currently practised may continue as both callus aud side shoots may develop with equal vigour at all ages. It is, therefore, concluded that in dry teak forests, the stool heights may be adjusted at 10-15 cm from ground level and low side shoots selected for raising a healthy coppice crop free from decay.

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