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Bardhan, Soumik
- Microemulsion Mediated Organic Synthesis and the Possible Reaction Site
Abstract Views :327 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Prasanjit Ghosh
1,
Barnali Kar
1,
Soumik Bardhan
1,
Kaushik Kundu
2,
Swapan Kumar Saha
1,
Bidyut K. Paul
2,
Sajal Das
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling - 734 013, IN
2 Surface and Colloid Science Laboratory, Geological Studies Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata - 700 108, West Bengal, IN
1 Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling - 734 013, IN
2 Surface and Colloid Science Laboratory, Geological Studies Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata - 700 108, West Bengal, IN
Source
Journal of Surface Science and Technology, Vol 32, No 1-2 (2016), Pagination: 7-15Abstract
Microemulsions (mEs), being thermodynamically stable, single phasic transparent mixtures of oil, water, surfactant ( either individually or in mixed state) and/or co-surfactant, are exemplary and multi dimensional reaction media in organic synthesis. They can act as an alternative of the phase transfer catalysis and influence the rate of the reaction due to the presence of charged carriers (amphiphiles) at the oil/water interface. The regioselectivity of many organic reactions can also be induced by employing mEs as templates. In particular, organic molecules with different degrees of polarity tend to accumulate at the oil/water interface of mEs. Subsequently, they orient themselves at the interface in such a way that the polar component extends into the water domain and the nonpolar component protrudes towards hydrocarbon domain. In view of this, a water-soluble reagent attacks the polar part of the amphiphile, and a reagent soluble in hydrocarbon reacts at the nonpolar part of the amphiphile. Because of this unique feature, use of mEs (or micro heterogeneous systems) as templates for studying organic reactions, have increased manifolds. In this short review, we mainly exemplify (i) mEs as reaction media, (ii) effect of microstructure of mEs on organic transformations and (iii) the most possible reaction location/site in mEs.Keywords
Effect of Microstructure, Microemulsions (mEs), Phase Transfer Catalysis, Reaction Location, Reaction Media.
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- Tea Waste Management: A Case Study from West Bengal, India
Abstract Views :202 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Anurag Chowdhury
1,
Satyajit Sarkar
2,
Akash Chowdhury
3,
Soumik Bardhan
4,
Palash Mandal
5,
Monoranjan Chowdhury
1
Affiliations
1 Plant Taxonomy and Biosystematics Lab., Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling - 734013, West Bengal, IN
2 Department of Tea Science, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling - 734013, West Bengal, IN
3 Deparment of Zoology, A. P. C. Roy Govt. College, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling - 734010, West Bengal, IN
4 Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling - 734013, West Bengal, IN
5 Plant Physiology and Pharmacognosy Lab., Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling - 734013, West Bengal, IN
1 Plant Taxonomy and Biosystematics Lab., Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling - 734013, West Bengal, IN
2 Department of Tea Science, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling - 734013, West Bengal, IN
3 Deparment of Zoology, A. P. C. Roy Govt. College, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling - 734010, West Bengal, IN
4 Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling - 734013, West Bengal, IN
5 Plant Physiology and Pharmacognosy Lab., Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling - 734013, West Bengal, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 42 (2016), Pagination:Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of the present study is to focus on the types of wastages that generated as a byproduct from tea processing industries. Quality and quantities of tea waste and their proper management or waste disposal method were determined in Terai and Duars region of West Bengal. There are very few companies or societies who buy a very little amount of tea waste that does not have any significant impact on the tea waste management as a whole. Lastly, there is a lack of comprehensive and uniform guidelines towards tea waste management in this area. Methods: Random cluster sampling technique in selecting 20 study sites, out of the 30 tea factories that are spread in four major tea producing districts namely foothills of Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Alipurduar and a part of Cooch Behar were performed. Primary and secondary data are documented during data collection, using questionnaires, interviews, observation and necessary photographs were taken. Findings: Authors have attempted to bring out this work to develop some management strategy of tea waste. Our survey report indicated that effective management strategies would improvise socio-economic status of tea garden workers as well as owners by utilizing this waste in poultry and fish feed, garden manure and caffeine extraction. Applications/Improvement: Fibers from tea waste can now be converted into different industrially implemented products like low cost absorbent during removal of pollutants from waste water. New technologies are emerged through which factory tea waste might be utilized for the preparation of n-triacontanol, which is commercially valuable bio-nutrient and has important growth promoting activities of leaf primordia.Keywords
Disposal Method and Management, Tea Plantation, Tea Waste, West Bengal.Full Text