Informatics Publishing Limited

Shubham Tripathi ¹, Somnath Patel ¹, Ritesh Patel ¹, Shraddha ¹, Pushpendra ¹, Sachin ¹, Neetish ¹, Mahendra ¹, Kuldeep ¹, Prashant ¹, Rajesh Patel ¹, Girish ¹, Nitin ¹, Tomanlal ¹, Amrita Thakur ¹, Mukta Agrawal ¹, Ajazuddin ¹, D. K. Tripathi ¹, Amit Alexander ¹

Affiliations
1 Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai - 490024, Chhattisgarh, IN

Abstract

Many predefined ways are now a day adopted to interface with biological tissues. One such significant class of biomaterials are hydrogels, which are defined as highly hydrated materials. Hydrogels are designed to absorb a large amount of water or biological fluids due to its three-dimensional, hydrophilic, polymeric network. They closely simulate natural living tissue, more so than any other class of synthetic biomaterials because of their high-water content, porosity,and soft consistency.They are chemically stable but may degrade and gradually disintegrate up to dissolve. Now a day they become more popular because of their unique property of flexibility and biocompatibility. Hydrogels can be produced by both natural and synthetic polymers. These polymers undergo physical and chemical cross-linking to produce hydrogels. Due to their resemblance to the living tissue, they have the immense possibility to use hydrogels in the biomedical field. Some of the well-known use of hydrogels include manufacturing contact lenses, hygiene products, tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery system and wound dressings. The current review article deals with information about the hydrogels, their various types, preparation methods along with an evaluation of the same.Also, the present study is performed for the motivation of the graduates towards publication and research. Hence, we have encouraged the graduates to prepare an informative article on the present subject.

Keywords

Hydrogel, Polymeric Network, Porosity, Biocompatibility, Biomedical.

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Shubham Tripathi ¹, Umesh Kumar Sahu ¹, Jyotsana Meshram ¹, Ranjeeta Kumari ¹, D. K. Tripathi ¹, Ajazuddin ¹, Amit Alexander ¹, Harish Sharma ², Gyanesh Kumar Sahu ¹

Affiliations
1 Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka Kurud Road, Bhilai, IN
2 Shri Shankaracharya technical campus, Shri Shankaracharya group of institution, Faculty of Pharmacy, Junwani, Bhilai, IN

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease, is a somatic disease that affects the brain. It is a progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions. During this disease, accumulation of cerebral extracellular amyloid, which is mostly composed of accumulated amyloid-β (Ab) peptide as well as the accumulation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, appears to start up. This results in the loss of connection between nerve cell, and lead to the degeneration of neurons and finally death of brain tissue. Also due to the deficiency of some important chemical messenger in the brain, the signal transmission gets ultimately, affected in the body. The main objective of this study was to prepare the optimized formula of a VCO based emulsion containing Tween 20 as the surfactant for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease which may help to increase the cholesterol level in the brain and to destroy the β amyloid plaque as a result of which the level of chemical messenger will increase in the brain. This study is further aimed to analyze, concentration of drug reaching into the brain and to study its effect in destroying β amyloid plaque.

Keywords

Amyloid-β, Chemical Messengers, Neurofibrillary, Tangles, Peptide, Cholesterol.

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Shubham Tripathi ¹, Sushil K. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, IN
2 Department of Physics, SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, IN

Abstract

Complex shapes that form by natural processes are often difficult to explain using non-Euclidean geometry. Chalcopyrite disease (CD) formation, a replacement texture, demonstrates a nonlinear-fractal geometry. CD samples from three polymetallic deposits were chosen for fractal analysis. CD did not show a fractal value specific to mineralized deposits. However, fractal analysis showed consistent values for a similar form of CD, thus setting a quantitative relationship between varied forms of CD and their condition of formation. The mean fractal dimension calculated for each study area displayed a positive correlation with the peak metamorphic grade of the respective deposit. The statistical analysis (ANOVA) of fractal dimension data further delineated the differences among the three study areas.

Keywords

Box Counting Method, Chalcopyrite Disease, Fractal Dimension, Replacement Texture, Statistical Analysis.

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Shubham Tripathi ¹, Padmasini Behera ¹, Manish Tiwari ¹

Affiliations
1 National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa 403 804, IN

Abstract

Denitrification in the Arabian Sea is a vital process that provides feedback to global warming by releasing nitrous oxide to the atmosphere. Therefore, it is important to understand the evolution and dynamics of denitrification on different timescales. We present here the denitrification variability spanning the past ~600 thousand years (kyr). It is based on ~300 new measurements from IODP 355 Expedition. We compared the existing records of denitrification to understand the factors influencing the denitrification on various timescales. On glacial–interglacial timescale, we find stronger denitrification during interglacial and weaker denitrification during glacial periods. During the Holocene, we observe declining denitrification in the Western Arabian Sea in response to the reduced monsoon-induced productivity but find increasing denitrification in the Northeastern Arabian Sea due to reduced ventilation.

Keywords

Arabian Sea, Denitrification, Geochemistry, Monsoon, Oceanic Circulation, Palaeoceanography, Stable Isotopes.

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