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Kulkarni, Shripad
- Detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vignicola, Causal Agent of Bacterial Blight of Cowpea in Seeds by Non-serological Methods
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, IN
1 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, IN
Source
International Journal of Plant Protection, Vol 7, No 2 (2014), Pagination: 292-297Abstract
Among the diseases infecting cowpea, bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vignicola (Burkholder,1944). Vauterin et al. (1995) is a major production constraint. First necrotic lesions are formed on leaves and later the stem is attacked and the pathogen reaches vascular bundles and the disease becomes systemic. In the present study, attempted have been made to develop the suitable methods for the detection of the pathogen in the seeds and to find out the nature of transmission using selective and semi-selective media and compare them for their efficacy. Results indicated NSCAA medium to be more efficient in recovering the colonies of seed borne bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vignicola with 132×105 cfu/ml as compared to 75×105 cfu/ml of colonies on Nutrient agar. The next best medium was SIBU agar (126×105 cfu/ml) followed by XTS medium (118×105 cfu/ml). All the media for isolation of plant pathogenic bacterium from seeds revealed that the cowpea bacterium is seed borne in nature. Another method employed to detect pathogen in seeds is Van Vuurde et al.(1983) method and results revealed that unsterilized seeds of susceptible cultivar C-152 yielded more number of colonies 35×102 cfu/ml by direct plating the seed extract on NSCAA whereas the resistant germplasm, DCS 47-1 yielded very less number of colonies 2×102 from diseased unsterilized seeds confirming its seed borne nature.Keywords
Cowpea, Bacterial Blight, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Vignicola
- Management of Sunflower Powdery Mildew Caused by Erysiphe cichoracearum Dc. with Botanicals and Natural Products
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Plant pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN
1 Department of Plant pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN
Source
International Journal of Plant Protection, Vol 8, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 295-298Abstract
Sunflower is reported to suffer heavy losses because of fungal, viral and bacterial diseases and one of the prominent diseases among them is powdery mildew caused by E. cichoracearum. Recently Powdery mildew is most important limiting factors for production of sunflower in Karnataka. Management of powdery mildew in sunflower was studied in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Azadirachtin, NSKE, Turmeric (leaf extract), Lantana camara (leaf extract) and Ipomoea carnea (leaf extract) were effective in inhibiting spore germination of pathogen both under in vitro condition at 5 per cent concentration. Similar trend was observed in field condition also with Azadirachtin and NSKE at 5 per cent concentration with least disease incidence of 25.78 and 27.56 per cent disease index, respectively in contrast to 83.33 per cent disease index in control.Keywords
Sunflower Powdery Mildew, Erysiphe circhoracearum Dc., Lantana Camara (Leaf Extract).References
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- Standardization of Physiological Requirements, Substrates and Carrier Materials for Mass Production of Bacillus subtilis
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Institute of Organic Farming, UAS Dharwad-580 005, Karnataka, IN
1 Institute of Organic Farming, UAS Dharwad-580 005, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 29, No 4 (2015), Pagination: 213-218Abstract
Optimization of Bacillus subtilis growth conditions for mass production under laboratory conditions was investigated as part of a biological control programme. Aspects such as increasing yield using various culture media, pH, temperatures and carrier materials were studied. Nutrient broth (100×108) and 20 g molasses and 10 g yeast extract based media (98.60×108) gave the highest yield and 20 g molasses and 10g yeast extract broth was the most economical. pH of 7-8, temperature of 30-350C and talc as carrier material were proved to best for mass production of B. subtilis.
Keywords
Bacillus subtilis, Carrier Material, Media, Temperature.Full Text
References
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