Informatics Publishing Limited

Lalita Balasaheb Patil ¹, Swapnil S. Patil ², Manoj M. Nitalikar ², Chandrakant S. Magdum ², Shrinivas K. Mohite ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon, Walwa Dist- Sangli ( Maharashtra), IN
2 Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon, IN

Abstract

Nanorobotics is emerging field of a nanotechnology having nanoscale dimensions and is predictable to work at an atomic, molecular and cellular level. Nanorobot skeleton is made up of carbon and its toolkit contains components like medicine cavity containing medicine, microcamera, payload, capacitor and swimming tail. As nanorobots have special sensors i.e. physical or chemical which detect the target molecules in the human body can be used for the diagnosis and treatment of various vital diseases i.e. cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, hemophilia, kidney stones, etc. Nanorobots till date are under the line of investigation, but some primary molecular models of these medically programmable machines have been tested. This review on nanorobots presents the various aspects allied i.e. introduction, history, ideal characteristics, Approaches in Nanorobotics ,basis for the development, tool kit recognition and retrieval from the body, application considering diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords

Nanorobots, Atherosclerosis, Nanosensors, Nanoscale.

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Pranit P. Gayakar ¹, Rahul S. Adnaik ¹, Amit D. Jadhav ¹, Shrinivas K. Mohite ¹

Affiliations
1 Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon Sangli-415404, IN

Abstract

Over the counter (OTC) medicines are the drugs that can be sold without the prescription of a registered medical practitioner to the consumer. In India, over the counter medicines includes analgesics, nutrients, cough and cold and Ayurveda preparations. Unregulated or unrestricted availability of OTC drugs in the market increases the risk of drug resistance adverse drug reaction and drug interactions. OTC medicines are used as self-medication by students for conditions like fever, pain and cold. Awareness regarding OTC drugs will help to lead better medical practices and will prevent any untoward medical occurrence. This paper assesses the knowledge, attitude, practices regarding over the counter medications among Pharmacy background students and common non- Pharma people. Pre-validated questionnaire was used after obtaining informed consent. Analysis was done using MS Excel office. Analgesics, anti-pyretic, Anti- allergic drugs were the most commonly used OTC drugs for cough, common cold and fever by the people. Most of the Pharmacy background students were aware about over the counter medicines but their knowledge regarding OTC medications was poor. The present studies indicate that over the counter drugs are widely practiced, therefore it is necessary to create awareness and educate people regarding advantages and disadvantages of self-medication. Hence, our study appreciates the need of conducting survey based studies with the objective of evaluating the knowledge, attitude and practices of self-medication involving wider section of medical professions.

Keywords

Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, Over the Counter Medicines, Adverse Drug Reaction, Selfmedication.

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Swapnil Shankar Patil ¹, Lalita B. Patil ¹, Manoj M. Nitalikar ¹, Chandrakant S. Magdum ¹, Shrinivas K. Mohite ¹

Affiliations
1 Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon Tal – Walwa Dist- Sangli (Maharashtra), IN

Abstract

Candesartan cilexetil is an antihypertensive drug, which exhibit poor water solubility, poor flowability and poor dissolution. The main aim of study was to improve the dissolution of Candesartan cilexetil. Spherical agglomerates containing Candesartan cilexetil were prepared by solvent change method. By using ternary phase diagram ratio of solvent addition was maintained. Drug was dissolved in solvent blend of methanol (good solvent), water (poor solvent), dichloromethane (bridging liquid). The formulated agglomerates were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and In-vitro dissolution studies. It was found that the B2 batch has shown better results with respect to all the parameters. Spherical agglomeration and crystallization process can be used to enhance water solubility, flowability and thereby dissolution.

Keywords

Spherical Agglomerates, Solvent Change Method, Scanning Electron Microscopy, In-Vitro Dissolution, Etc.

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Sharad A. More ¹, Shrinivas K. Mohite ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Quality Assurance, Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon, Sangli, IN

Abstract

In the present study, novel co-processed superdisintegrants were developed by solvent evaporation method using crospovidone and crosscarmellose sodium in different ratios (1:1, 1:3 and 3:1) for use in the fast dissolving tablet formulations. The developed excipients were evaluated for angle of repose, Carr's index and Hausner's ratio in comparison with physical mixture of superdisintegrants. The angle of repose of the developed excipients was found to be <23°, Carr's index in the range of 11-21% and Hausner's ratio in the range of 1.13-1.6. ordispersible tablets of omeprazole were prepared using the above co-processed superdisintegrants and evaluated for pre-compression and post-compression parameters. Based on in vitro dispersion time (approximately 21sec), promising formulation CP1 was tested for in vitro drug release pattern in pH 6.8 Phosphate buffer, drug excipient interaction (IR spectroscopy). Among the designed formulations, the formulation (CP1) containing 6% w/w of co processed superdisintegrant (1:1 mixture of crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium) emerged as the overall best formulation based on drug release characteristics in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer compared to commercial conventional tablet formulation.

Keywords

Co-Processed Super Disintegrant, Omeprazole, ORO Dispersible Tablet, Crospovidone and Croscarmellose Sodium.

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Rajesh S. Jagtap ¹, Rajendra C. Doijad ², Shrinivas K. Mohite ³

Affiliations
1 Annasaheb Dange College of B Pharmacy, Ashta, Sangli - 416301 Maharashtra, IN
2 Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Krishna Institute of Pharmacy, Karad, Satara 415110 Maharashtra, IN
3 Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon, Sangli -415404 Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

The enhancement in solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble drug Nifedipine was achieved by its adsorption on porous calcium silicate by using common volatile organic solvent chloroform. The yield of the adsorption process was found in a range of 90 -95% which indicates negligible loss during chloroform treatment. Saturation solubility studies showed 273% increase as compared to pure drug indicating adsorption of poorly soluble drug on porous calcium silicate was prominent in solubility enhancement. Physicochemical properties of pure Nifedipine compared to adsorbed product studied by FT-IR, DSC and PXRD. The FTIR and DSC studies does not show any unexpected interaction between Nifedipine and calcium silicate, while slight broadening in peak as well reduction in intensity and early onset as compared to the pure drug indicates adsorption of Nifedipine on porous calcium silicate. PXRD diffractograms showed a Significant reduction in peak intensities in drug adsorbed product compare to Nifedipine was attributed to the dilution effect of porous calcium silicate and confirms conversion of crystalline nature of drug in amorphous. Adsorption of the drug over FLR particles seen in SEM images of the adsorbed product while a significant change in surface morphology of Nifedipine was observed due to complete solubilization of Nifedipine and FLR in common solvent. The dissolution rate of the drug from adsorbed products was significantly rapid compared with pure drug, and the dissolution rate increases with increase in the proportion of FLR from 1:1.5 to 1:3, but further increase in the proportion of FLR not showed a significant increase in its dissolution indicating saturation. The drug adsorbed product was found stable as there was no any significant change in appearance and drug dissolution after three months stability studies.

Keywords

Nifedipine, Calcium Silicate, Adsorption, Solubility Enhancement.

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