Informatics Publishing Limited

Satish Patel ¹, Mukesh K. Nag ¹, S. J. Daharwal ¹, Manju R. Singh ¹, Deependra Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, IN

Abstract

Toxins are naturally present in a wide variety of plants. Plants evolve to generate natural products as a means of defence against animals. Phytotoxins have been reported for many useful effects. Some plants produce toxins that can severely harm or destroy any herbivore. They can be modified to exemplify improved affinity and efficacy for health endorsement. Several of these plants are commonly consumed as food. They have been developed as an evolutionary movement for self-protection. These toxic substances when taken in considerable amount can be harmful to human health and cause problems. This review gives an outline on different plant toxins, their mechanism of action and different toxicological effects due to plant toxins.

Keywords

Toxins, Secondary Metabolites, Phytotoxin, Natural Product

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Deependra Singh ¹, Mukesh K. Nag ¹, Satish Patel ¹, Madhulika Pradhan ¹, Shikha Shrivastava ¹, S. J. Daharwal ¹, Manju R. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, IN

Abstract

Wound healing involves a regulated sequence of cellular activity. These activities provide the foundation for the mechanisms of wound repair. Successful wound care involves optimizing local and systemic conditions in combination with an ideal wound healing environment. The basic steps of wound management are prevention of wound contamination, debridement of dead and dying tissue, removal of debris and contaminants, provision of adequate wound drainage, promotion of a viable vascular bed and selection of an appropriate method of closure. A wide variety of preparations and remedies of non-organic, organic, biogenic, and phytogenic origin have been devised and used in the topical treatment of burns. Many different strategies have been developed to influence this wound environment to provide a pathogen-free, protected, and moist area for healing to occur. This review discusses the physiology, type and management of burn wounds and future directions for this field.

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Mukesh K. Nag ¹, Satish Patel ¹, Shikha Shrivastava ¹, S. J. Daharwal ¹, Manju R. Singh ¹, Deependra Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, IN

Abstract

India has largest number of people suffering from diabetes mellitus in the world. Diabetes mellitus is a progressive disease characterized by both insulin resistance and cell failure, resulting in a decline in insulin secretion and increased blood glucose levels. During the past three decades, various approaches have been studied for delivery of insulin. To eliminate the needle from insulin delivery and to replace it with non-invasive alternative routes has driven rigorous pharmaceutical research to replace the injectable forms of insulin. Recently, various approaches have been studied involving many strategies using various technologies that have shown success in delivering insulin, which are designed to overcome the inherent barriers for insulin uptake across the gastrointestinal tract, mucosal membranes and skin. New approaches to diabetes mellitus herapy have been shown to improve survival and well being of patients with disease. With increasing translational research and a better understanding of the molecular basis of diabetes mellitus, a number of targets have been identified in various preclinical studies. In this review diabetes mellitus, type, strategies with special emphasis on advancement in treatment of diabetes mellitusby non invensive therapies has been discussed in detail.

Keywords

Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Delivery, Non Invasive Routes.

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Manju R. Singh ¹, Mukesh K. Nag ¹, Satish Patel ¹, S. J. Daharwal ¹, Deependra Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, IN

Abstract

In recent times, the utilization of herbal bioactives is increased worldwide because of their incredible therapeutic effects and negligible side effects as compared to the synthetic medicines. However, delivery of herbal drugs has need of modifications with the intention to accomplish sustained and controlled release. Previously herbal bioactives were not considered for development as novel formulations due to lack of scientific justification, processing, standardising, extracting and authentication difficulties. Also, many herbal drugs and herbal extracts regardless of their remarkable activity but show less in-vivo activity due to their poor lipophilicity or improper molecular size, resulting in less absorption and hence reduced bioavailability. Now with the innovation in the technology, novel drug delivery systems unlock the door in the direction of the development of herbal drug delivery systems with enhancing bioavailability, therapeutic effect and reduced toxicity. Many novel carriers such as nanoparticles, phytosomes, liposomes, transferosomes, etc. have been reported for successful modified delivery of various herbal drugs e.g. tacrolimus, quercetin, silybin, ginkgo, ginseng, Berberine etc. The aim of this review is to summarize various novel approaches, which have been developed for dermal and transdermal delivery of herbal drugs delivery to achieve better therapeutic response.

Keywords

Herbal Drugs, Drug Delivery, Dermal Delivery, Transdermal Delivery, Nanoparticle, Liposomes.

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