Informatics Publishing Limited

Sarika Yadav ¹, Neelam Yadav ¹, S. M. Paul Khurana ²

Affiliations
1 Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Manesser, Gurgaon Haryana, IN
2 Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Manesser, Gurgaon, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Sugars are chemically related carbohydrates, most of which are used in food. Based on the dietary significance, sugars can be naturally occurring, low-calorie sweeteners or artificial sweetener. Natural sugars being rich in calories can raise blood sugar levels. Added sugars are sweetener added to food during its production/processing. High intake of natural and added sugar consumption may lead to cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes and obesity. Low calories sweeteners are sugar alcohols derived from pentoses and hexoses and have less impact on blood sugar levels. Artificial sweeteners are synthetic sugar substitutes with a sweet taste that do not raise the blood sugar levels and are boon to diabetic patients. Glycemic index (GI) is a tool that ranks carbohydrates according to their glycemic response. It measures blood sugar response per gram of carbohydrate contained in the food, not per gram of food. Glycemic load (GL) is a newer concept, which takes serving sizes into account. A diet with a low GI and GL lowers the risk of heart diseases, diabetes and obesity. Therefore, by keeping a check on amount and type of sugar intake one can keep health disorders such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders at bay.

Keywords

Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, Obesity, Sugars.

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Sarika Yadav ¹, Sonia ¹

Affiliations
1 SGT University, Gurgaon, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Background and Objective: Among the almost 3.9 million newborn deaths that occur worldwide, about 30% occur in India. Children are our future and utmost precious resources. After birth the health of the child depends upon the health care practice adopted by the family, especially by the mothers. Information about neonatal infection will help in reducing mortality and morbidity during the neonatal period. This study was conducted to identify the knowledge of primi mothers with regard prevention of neonatal infection.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out among the mothers of primigravida mother in the Maternity Hospital ,Delhi. The Pre-test was conducted after that The planned teaching programme was conducted . After three days post-test was done using the same questionnaire to evaluate the effectiveness of the planned teaching programme.

Results: Area-wise analysis of knowledge score was more (37.12%) in the area of "Prevention of neonatal GIT infection" and least percentage (26.23%) was in the area of "Neonatal infection in general". The mean percentage of knowledge score of primigravida mothers in the pre-test was 31.71% with a mean ± SD of 10.48±0.91 which was increased after administering a planned teaching programme with a mean percentage of knowledge score in the post-test by 86.33% with a mean ± SD of 28.73 ± 0.84.

Interpretation and Conclusion: Overall findings of assessment of the level of knowledge of the primigravida mothers revealed that 81.52% of the sample had average knowledge, 18.48 % had poor knowledge and none of them had good knowledge regarding prevention of neonatal infection. Quartile distribution of knowledge scores in pre-test and post-test showed significant difference between the knowledge score of pre-test and post-test. This reveals the increase in knowledge level after the administration of PTP. A very high significant (p<0.001) difference was observed between the pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of primigravida mothers regarding prevention of neonatal infection.

Keywords

Common Neonatal Infection, Knowledge of Primi Mothers, Neonatal, Planned Teaching Programme, Health Care Practice.

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Sarika Yadav ¹

Affiliations
1 Indian Nursing Council, SGT University, Gurgaon, IN

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of developmental disabilities characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication and by restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behaviour. Symptoms typically are apparent before age 3 years. The complex nature of these disorders, coupled with a lack of biologic markers for diagnosis and changes in clinical definitions over time, creates challenges in monitoring the prevalence of ASDs. Accurate reporting of data is essential to understand the prevalence of ASDs in the population and can help direct research. ASDs have increased in prevalence, leading to a demand for improved understanding of the comparative effectiveness of different pharmacologic, behavioural, medical and alternative treatments for children as well as systems for providing services.¹

Keywords

Autism, Spectrum, Developmental, Disabilities, Impairment.

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Sarika Yadav ¹

Affiliations
1 Indian Nursing Council, SGT University, IN

Abstract

Background and Objective: Globally, PEM continues to be a major health burden in developing countries and the most important risk factor for illnesses and death especially among young children. The World Health Organization estimates that about 60% of all deaths, occurring among children aged less than five years in developing countries, could be attributed to malnutrition. In India, the major contributing factors are poverty and low social-economic status with low levels of education, poor sanitation and limited access to health services. Method: Descriptive survey approach was adopted to collect data. A structured interview schedule was prepared and administered to 100 mothers of under five children based on purposive sampling technique at the selected area of Gajipur, New Delhi. Result: Majority, 45.36 percent of mothers had knowledge related to general information of PEM, followed by 43.44 percent of the mothers who knew about causes, signs and symptoms of PEM. Majority 46.3 percent of the respondents had the right Dietary practice and 42 percent had the good practice of management of diarrhoea. There is significant association observed between knowledge and educational status of the mother. Interpretation and Conclusion: Overall findings showed that, the existing, knowledge and practice is found 45.52%&41.66% on prevention of protein energy malnutrition. The enhancement in both knowledge and practice is greatly required on the following areas of exclusive breast milk, initiation of breast milk, continuous feeding of breast milk and good dietary practices are the multidisciplinary action it should involve an research team and the findings should be communicated through Journals and other media in order to enlighten nursing students.

Keywords

Major Health Burden, Protein Energy Malnutrition, Mothers, Under Five Children Illnesses And Death.

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