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Sahil Garg ¹, Prabhjot Kaur ², R. K. Dhaliwal ²

Affiliations
1 Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana Punjab
2 Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana Punjab, IN

Abstract

This study was undertaken to know the services availed, satisfaction of the fruit growers regarding the services provided under National Horticulture Mission. A sample of 120 fruit growers was selected using proportional allocation method and all the extension personnel were selected for the study. The findings of the study showed that most of the respondents engaged in fruit cultivation were in the age group of 36 to 53 years, belong to nuclear family, had matriculation as their educational level, operational land holding of 4.40 to 20.02 acres and had fruit growing as their main occupation. Most of the respondents were medium on extension contacts, mass media exposure, risk bearing capacity and scientific orientation. A vast majority of respondents reported that Department of Horticulture was the first source of information regarding services of NHM. A large number of respondents availed service of establishment of new orchard followed by rejuvenation of senile plantation and showed satisfaction regarding various services rendered by NHM. Majority of the respondents gave reasons of satisfaction in descending order timeliness, assistance provided by concerned authorities, good results of services, quality of inputs, lengthy documentation procedure, less quantity of inputs and amount of subsidy.

Keywords

Services Availed, Preferences, Satisfaction, Fruit Growers

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Sahil Garg ¹, A. M. Shariff ¹, M. S. Shaikh ¹, Bhajan Lal ¹, Asma Aftab ¹, Nor Faiqa ¹

Affiliations
1 Research Centre for CO2 Capture (RCCO2C), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskander, Perak Darul Ridzuan 32610, MY

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate experimental data of surface tension of aqueous sodium salt of L-phenylalanine (Na-Phe) at temperatures ranging from 298.15 to 343.15 K and concentration ranging from 0.05 to 0.40 (w). Methodology: This work was carried out through an optical contact angle tensiometer (OCA 15 EC). It is a video based instrument which employs a pendant drop method for contact angle measurement. Findings: It was observed that surface tension values rise as aqueous Na-Phe concentration increases and decrease with the increase in system’s temperature. Experimental surface tension data were used to calculate the dervied surface thermodynamic properties such as surface enthalpy and entropy. Surface enthalpy was found to increase with concentration and tend to decrease with the rise in temperature. While, estimated surface entropy values were found to decrease with the increase in Na-Phe concentration. Temperature and concentration dependent empirical correlation was utilized to predict the surface tension data. A good agreement was found between the experimental and correlated data. Applications/Improvements: The findings reported in this study could be helpful significantly for the selection of appropriate solvent, and in the calculations for the efficient design of absorption column.

Keywords

L-Phenylalanine, Surface Tension, Sodium Salt, Surface Enthalphy, Surface Entropy.

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