Informatics Publishing Limited

K. Pushparaj ¹, L. Arokiam ², S. Vinoth ³

Affiliations
1 Chendhuran College of Engineering and Technology, Pudukkottai, Tamilnadu, IN
2 St.Joseph’s College, Trichy, Tamilnadu, IN
3 Imayam College of Engineering and Technology, Trichy, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Software quality refers to two related but distinct notions that exist wherever quality is defined in a business context such as performance or reliability, are crucial for the success of a software system and largely influenced by the software architecture. Their quantitative prediction supports systematic, goal-oriented software design and forms a base of an engineering approach to software design. Researchers have proposed numerous approaches to predict a quality property based on a software architecture models. Even with a given functional design, many degrees of freedom in the software architecture (e.g. component deployment or server configuration) span a large design space. In a method and tool to improve component-based software architectures (CBA) by searching the design space using meta heuristics. The method relies on existing performance and reliability prediction methods to evaluate candidate architectures.

Keywords

Software Component, Software Quality, Software Architecture, and Quality Attributes.

Full Text

     

S. Chozhavendhan ¹, K. Pavan Kumar ¹, Puja Sable ¹, R. Subbaiya ¹, G. Karthiga Devi ¹, S. Vinoth ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women, Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, IN

Abstract

An increase in greenhouse gas effect and depletion of fossil fuel leads to work on alternate renewable source of energy. Biofuel, in which biodiesel has gained its importance over a decade due to its promising characteristics. Crude glycerol is produced as an inevitable byproduct during biodiesel production. The carbon content of the waste glycerol can be utilized by many microorganisms as a cheap carbon and energy source for the production of high value chemicals like ethanol, citric acid, propanediol etc. In this present work simple sequential procedures like distillation, acidification, activated charcoal adsorption, filtration and centrifugation were carried out made to remove major impurities economically and increases the glycerol concentration. The removal of impurities from crude glycerol and the increase in the concentration of glycerol were witnessed from GCMS and GC-FID reports. The procedure followed in this work provided a realistic and concrete target shows a momentous proliferation of increased glycerol concentration from 10.43% to 44 %. The other properties of glycerol were studied and compared with standard methods.

Keywords

Biodiesel, Crude Glycerol, High-Value Chemicals, GC-MS and GC-FID.

Full Text

     

G. Karthiga Devi ¹, P. Suruthi ¹, R. Veerakumar ¹, S. Vinoth ¹, R. Subbaiya ¹, S. Chozhavendhan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Paiyanoor, Chennai–603104, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women, Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, IN

Abstract

Recent developments in material synthesis involve avariety of physical and chemical approaches which has substantially influenced the field of nanotechnology. These strategies play a significant role in many prospects such as synthesis of nanoparticles of variable shapes and uniform particle size distribution. Toxic chemicals in these strategies for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles create hazardous concerns for the environment. In contrary, the biological approach includes the use of bioactive components which are highly biodegradable in nature. Hence biological approach is considered as a promising method for the eco-friendly synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles.Although these noble metal nanoparticles can be synthesised in various forms such as nano-sols, nano-colloids, nano-crystallines, nanorods, nanotubes and nanowires using a variety of physical as well as chemical approaches. Besides their shape and morphology, the size of noble metal nanoparticles should be efficiently tailored to achieve the desired medical application. The increase in surface area increases the possibility of causing the aggregation of nanoparticles which limit their functionalities. The surface functionalization of noble metal nanoparticles was done using chemical dispersants such as surfactants or polyelectrolytes to avoid the aggregation.This functionalisation improves the stability of the noble metal nanoparticles but at the same time it alters the surface chemistry of the nanoparticles. It is crucial for producing the nanoparticles in such a way that they could be size controlled, inexpensive and eco- friendly. The objective of this review is, therefore, to reveal the past and present scenarios, specifically the possibilities of noble metal nanoparticles in applications. Furthermore, it also documents the detailed information about the strategies involved in the use of plant extracts as reducing agents in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles and the incorporation of metal nanoparticles into polymeric materials for environmental applications. This review paper mainly summarizes the various synthesis methods of gold and silver nanoparticles and their applications in biomedicine.

Keywords

Noble metals, Synthesis, Nanoparticles, Biomedicine.

Full Text

     

R. Subbaiya ¹, V. Vijay Raja ², R. Balachandar ³, D. Suresh ⁴, S. Chozhavendhan ¹, S. Vinoth ¹, G. Karthiga Devi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women, Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, Namakkal – 637215 Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Biotechnology, Arulmigu Meenakshi Amman College of Engineering, Kanchipuram- 604410, Tamil Nadu, IN
4 Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Pallavaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The aim of present study is to optimize the important parameters of total phenol extraction form Azadirachta indica wood using ethanol. Experiments were conducted based on the central composite rotatable design (CCRD) and the models were constructed using response surface methodology (RSM). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed for optimization of influencing factors such quantity of wood, temperature and extraction time in total phenol extraction using ethanol as solvent. The levels of mentioned parameters were in the range 1-5% of quantity of wood, 20-60°C of temperature and 1-5 days of extraction time were evaluated. The optimization of individual parameters were determined the 5% for quantity of wood, 50°C for temperature and 4 days for incubation time as central values. Based on the central values, 17 experiments were designed and experimentally conducted. The responses of 17 experiments were used for optimization. The best optimal condition of total phenol extraction was determined as quantity of wood 4.55 %, temperature 59.24°C and extraction time 3.92 days with extraction yield 0.958 mg Gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of dry powder. The phenolic extract quality was evaluated using thin layer chromatography and GC-MS analysis. The extract shows good anti-bacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus.

Keywords

Total Phenol, CCRD, RSM, Thin Layer Chromatography, Anti-Bacterial.

Full Text

     

R. Subbaiya ¹, B. Aakash ¹, A. Shanmugaraja ², R. Devika ¹, S. Chozhavendhan ¹, S. Vinoth ¹, G. Karthiga Devi ¹, M. Masilamani Selvam ³, S. Chozhavendhan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (Deemed to be University) Paiyanoor, Chennai, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, Namakkal – 637215 Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Biotechnology, Satyabhama Institute of Science and Technology, Jeppiaar Nagar, Chennai – 600 119, IN
4 Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Engineering For Women, Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode, IN

Abstract

The clean production concept shows a good utilization potential for solid vegetable waste. It could achieve a reduction of investment and raw materials and can contribute to waste minimised plant production. Thus rendering cheap and environmentally safe alternative to commercial media. At present study was aimed at finding the potential of vegetable waste as a culture media. Composition of the media and the efficiency of the media to support plant growth were tested. Vegetable waste of Cabbage, Beetischolar_main and Onion were collected and dried in the sun light for 2 weeks. Dried vegetable waste was grinded into fine powder. These vegetable waste media (alternative plant tissue culture media) was prepared and coconut water was added for natural hormone (cytokinin). The alternative media pH was 5.6 to 5.7 before sterilization. The vegetable waste powder was analysed for Macronutrients which include potassium (268 mg/kg), sodium (520 mg/kg), calcium (1591 mg/kg), while the micronutrients were analysed copper (5.421 mg/kg), iron (1101 mg/kg) and zinc. The growth was comparable to that obtained on routine commercial media.

Keywords

Vegetable Waste, BCO, Plant Tissue Culture Media, Cost Effective.

Full Text

     

S. Vinoth ¹, N. Rathika ¹, M. Jhansi ¹, P. Gurusaravanan ², M. Vigneswaran ³, R. Subbaiya ¹, G. Karthiga Devi ¹, S. Chozhavendhan ¹, R. Devika ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation Paiyanoor, Chennai, IN
2 Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, IN
3 Department of Plant Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, Tamilnadu, IR

Abstract

We have developed simple and efficient regeneration protocol using plant growth regulators and naturally available seaweed. Efficiency of Sargassum polycystum in promoting the growth of Vigna unguiculata at in vitro condition were studied. Equal sized seeds were inoculated in different concentration of seaweeds, we found that 20% of extract shown 100% germination compared to control. Initially, TDZ and Kin were tested for the multiple shoot induction. Best responded concentration was tested in combination with the seaweed extract Sargassum polycystum. We observed increase in the multiple shoot induction from 10.2 shoots per explant to 14.8 shoots per explant. Seaweed extract induced shoot elongation and ischolar_maining at in vitro condition. So we believe that, seaweed extracts has biostimulant activity, the activity of the seaweed extract is due to presence of more than one plant promoting substances.

Keywords

Seaweed, Plant Growth Regulators, Vigna unguiculata, Sargassum polycystum, Tissue Culture.

Full Text

     

Shanthala Kumar ¹, Honnavalli N. Kumara ², Avadhoot D. Velankar ³, Partha Sarathi Mishra ⁴, Arijit Pal ³, P. Sundararaj ¹, Mewa Singh ⁵, S. Vinoth ⁶

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, IN
2 Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty Post, Coimbatore 641 108, IN
3 Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty Post, Coimbatore 641 108, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, IN
4 Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India; Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty Post, Coimbatore 641 108, IN
5 Biopsychology Laboratory and Institution of Excellence, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570 006, IN
6 Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty Post, Coimbatore 641 108,, IN

Abstract

Changes in the habitat can drive the species to adapt to the changing environment that may lead to a risk of infection and the emergence of diseases. The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites (henceforth endoparasites) in a species is an indicator of changing habitat conditions, and the study of the same is important when the species is restricted to a few islands. Macaca fascicularis umbrosus, endemic to Great Nicobar, Little Nicobar and Katchal islands. The December 2004 tsunami destroyed much of its habitat and pushed them to agriculture fields, leading to a conflict. To study the endoparasites in these macaques, we collected 160 faecal samples from five groups of macaques on Great Nicobar, one group on Little Nicobar, and two groups on Katchal between 2014 and 2016. The endo­parasite eggs and cysts were isolated from the faecal samples using flotation concentration and sedi­mentation techniques in the laboratory. The number and percent prevalence of endoparasites recorded in Great Nicobar, Little Nicobar and Katchal was 13, 5 and 3, and 69.38%, 60.00% and 39.39% respectively. The Campbell Bay group on Great Nicobar had 12, whereas other groups had 2–7 endoparasite taxa. The protozoan load was higher than the helminth load but the overall, helminth, and protozoan load did not differ between the islands. Ascaris sp., Oesophagostomum sp., Strongyloide ssp., Bunostomum sp. and Balantidium coli were the predominant endoparasites. The persistence of macaque with people probably has increased the richness and prevalence of endoparasites on Great Nicobar than in the other two islands.

Keywords

Changing habitat, faecal samples, gastrointestinal parasites, islands, long-tailed macaque.

Full Text

 Untitled