Informatics Publishing Limited

B. Gurugnanam ¹, N. Prabhakharan ¹, M. Suvetha ¹, S. Vasudevan ², B. Gobu ²

Affiliations
1 GIT Lab, Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalamagar-608002, IN
2 GIT Lab, Department of Geology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620023, IN

Abstract

The study aims at preparing the hydrogeomorphological map with spatial distribution of its elements through Geographic Information Technology ERDAS Imagine and ArcGIS software were used for studying hydrogeomorphological features. The work was done in parts of Vellar Basin, Central Tamil Nadu, India. Thematic maps of Geology, Geomorphology and Lineaments (Satellite data source) were prepared. The hydrogeomorphological map was prepared by integrating these maps one over the other, in GIS. A total of 126 various combinations were arrived in the hydrogeomorphological map presenting spatial distributions of individual elements.

Keywords

Geographic Information Technology Platform, Geomorphology, Vellar Basin, Tamil Nadu.

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S. Chidambaram ¹, V. Vijayakumar ¹, K. Srinivasamoorthy ¹, P. Anandhan ¹, M. V. Prasanna ¹, S. Vasudevan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, IN

Abstract

Hydrogeochemistry of a region is a reflection of the hydrodynamic processes, Lithological composition and physical constraints. Case study has been carried out in a varied lithologica] terrain with Archaean, Gondwana and Cretaceous rocks to unravel the hydrogeochemical process. The study area is around Perambalur region lying between Latitudes 11°O8OO" - ll°31OO" and Longitudes 78°35'00" - 78°5950" P_co2 values of water samples show wide variation in lithology, reflecting higher saturation index in carbonate minerals Mixing of water was witnessed in the Cretaceous formation Release of bicarbonate ions into the system is mainly derived from weathering of carbonate minerals reflecting lesser significance of silicate weathering. Thermodynamic equilibrium plot shows grouping of samples in the Kaolinite field with seasonal variation Saturation index (SI) for carbonate minerals is higher than silicate minerals Dilutions of samples are noted in the Archaean formation during Post-Monsoon season and migration of SI plume of carbonate minerals is towards southeast during Post-Monsoon season Geochemical reactions determining the water chemistry of the study area are also obtained by statistical analysis.

Keywords

Hydrogeochemistry, Lithological Differentiation, Saturation Index, Perambalur Area, Tamil Nadu.

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M. Suvedha ¹, B. Gurugnanam ², M. Suganya ³, S. Vasudevan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Alagappa Govt. Arts College, Karaikudi – 630 003, IN
2 Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608 002, IN
3 No.572, P.S.P. Street, Soodamani Nagar, Karaikudi – 630 003, IN
4 Department of Geology, Bharathidasan University, Trichy, IN

Abstract

The study of hydrogeochemistry of the Mio-Pliocene sedimentary rock aquifer system in Veeranam catchment area produced a large geochemical dataset. Groundwater samples were collected at 52 sites over 963.86 km₂ area and analyzed for major ions. The large number of data can lead to difficulties in the integration, interpretation and representation of the results. Two multivariate statistical methods, Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and Factor analysis (FA), were applied to a subgroup of the dataset to evaluate their usefulness to classify the groundwater samples, and to identify geochetgmical processes controlling groundwater geochemistry. Hydrochemical data for 52 groundwater samples were subjected to Q- and R- mode factor and cluster analysis. R-mode analysis reveals the inter-relations among the variables studied and the Q-mode analysis reveals the inter-relations among the samples studied. The R-mode factor analysis shows that Ca, Mg and Cl with HCO₃ account for most of the electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids and total hardness of groundwater. The 'single dominance' nature of the majority of the factors in the R-mode analysis indicates non-mixing or partial mixing of different types of groundwater. Both Q-mode factor and Q-mode cluster analyses indicate an exchange between the river water and the groundwater in the vicinity. The rock water interaction like flood basin back swamp deposits of silty clayey formation is the major cause for the cluster II classification. Cluster classification map reveals that 58% of the study area comes under cluster II classification.

Keywords

Groundwater, Multivariate Statistical Analysis, Geochemical Data, Tamil Nadu.

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M. Suresh ¹, B. Gurugnanam ¹, S. Vasudevan ², K. Dharanirajan ³, N. Jawahar Raj ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, IN
2 CGIT, School of Geosiences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, IN
3 Department of Ocean Sciences and Marine Geology, Pondicherry University, Andaman, IN
4 Department of Geology, National College, Trichy, Tiruchirappalli - 620 001, IN

Abstract

In the present study, the chemical characteristics of groundwater with respect to drinking and Irrigation water quality in upper Thirumanimuthar sub-basin, Cauvery River, have been studied. 51 groundwater samples were collected and analysed for pH, conductance, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, carbonate, bicarbonate, total alkalinity, chloride, sodium, potassium, sulphate etc. The values analyzed were evaluated in detail and compared with WHO water quality standards. It is observed that, for most of the groundwater quality parameters, the values are not potable for drinking and irrigational use. To understand the spatial distribution of unsuitable zones, ArcGIS was employed. Attributes were linked and spatial interpolation mapping was done. Inverse distance weighted interpolation technique was followed for raster and vector mapping. Finally the overlay analyses were also carried out to locate the worst quality zone.

Keywords

SAR, Sodium Percentage, GIS, Spatial Distribution Map, Overlay Analysis, Cauvery River, Tamil Nadu.

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M. Suresh ¹, B. Gurugnanam ¹, S. Vasudevan ², B. Rajeshkanna ², K. Dharanirajan ³, N. Prabhakaran ¹

Affiliations
1 Geographic Information Technology Lab, Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Centre for Geographic Information Technologies, Bharathidasan University, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Ocean Studies, Pondicherry University, Andaman, IN

Abstract

In the present paper deals with the study of hydrogeochemistry of groundwater by multivariate statistical techniques such as factor and cluster analyses. The upper Thirumanimuthar sub-basin, Cauvery River, hard rock terrain in Salem District covering an area of about 346.40 km2 has been selected for the study. Fifty one samples were collected during premonsoon season 2007 and analysed for various water quality parameters like pH, EC, TDS, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO₃, CO₃, SO₄, Cl and TH. Hydrogeochemical data of 51 groundwater samples were subjected to Q- and R- mode factor and cluster analysis. R-mode analysis reveals the interrelations among the variables studied and the Q-mode analysis reveals the interrelations among the samples studied. The R-mode factor analysis shows that Na and CI with HCO₃ account for most of the electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids of the groundwater. The 'single dominance' nature of the majority of the factors in the R-mode analysis indicates non-mixing or partial mixing of different types of groundwaters. Both Q-mode factor and R-mode cluster analyses show that there is an exchange between the river water and adjacent groundwater. Cluster classification map reveals that 97.79% of the study area comes under cluster I classification.

Keywords

Groundwater, Hydrogeochemical Studies, Multivariate Statistical Analysis, Factor Analysis, Cluster Analysis.

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N. Prabhakaran ¹, B. Gurugnanam ¹, S. Vasudevan ², S. Joseph Santhanaraj ³

Affiliations
1 GIT Lab, Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 GIT Lab, Centre for Geographic Information Technology, School of Geosciences, Bharathidasan University, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Chemistry, Saint Joseph College, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

An attempt has been made to demarcate sites for groundwater irrigation quality at upper Manimuktha sub basin, Velar basin, Tamil Nadu through GIS technique using ARC/GIS Software. The irrigation quality standard output was taken to GIS platform. The work was executed with the weighted rating analysis in GIS environment. Spatial and non-spatial data were assessed in a quick and efficient way in GIS. The term 'geographic' in GIS refers to the locational attributes which define the spatial positioning of the piece of information on the face of the earth. The advent of digital computers, with high data processing speed and the development of analytical tools in GIS to handle geographically referenced data with ease and flexibility, computer aided GIS has become a reality of late. Using of GIS in hydrogeology is only at its beginning, but there have been successful applications that started to develop. The favourabilty of the irrigational quality was demarcated in GIS. The favourable area occupying in premonsoon was 269 km2 and in the postmonsoon 239 km².

Keywords

Groundwater, Salinity, SAR, Alkali Hazard, Irrigation Water Quality, GIS.

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S. Balaji ¹, S. Vasudevan ¹, C. Ravivarman ¹, B. V. S. Pavan Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Regional Engineering College, Tiruchirappalli - 620015, IN

Abstract

Duplex stainless steels find ever-increasing applications in chemical, off-shore, paper/pulp and fertilizer industries owing to their excellent combination of mechanical and corrosion properties [1-3]. More demanding situations prefer super duplex stainless steels, which have higher pitting resistance equivalence [4]. Even though many of the conventional welding processes are employed for joining of these high-performance materials, still the industries face the problem of achieving the desired properties - especially the corrosion resistance, in the resultant weldments [5-7]. Welding upsets the ferrite-austenite microstructural balance in the weld metal and in the high temperature heat affected zone. More so, industrially different gas/gas mixture combinations are employed for achieving the desired properties [8-10]. In the current work an attempt has been to study the effect of different welding processes on weld metal microstructure in the super duplex stainless steel grade SAF 2507.

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