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Sambhaji G. Chavhan ¹, R. S. Brar ¹, H. S. Banga ¹, H. S. Sandhu ², S. Sodhi ¹, P. D. Gadhave ¹, V. R. Kothule ¹

Affiliations
1 Departments of Veterinary Pathology, GADVASU, Ludhiana - 141 004, Punjab, IN
2 Departments of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, GADVASU, Ludhiana - 141 004, Punjab, IN

Abstract

A study was conducted to examine the clinical signs, hematological, biochemical and histopathological changes in vitamin D₃ toxicity at a dose rate 2 mg/kg b.wt. of vitamin D₃ and to assess the protective effect of Aloe vera in vitamin D₃ toxicity. The clinical signs observed were anorexia, progressive weight loss, difficulty in movement and respiration, diarrhea, epistaxis, subnormal body temperature and nervous signs before death. Mortality was observed in treated rats between day 10 and day 19 of treatment. The gross postmortem changes observed were severe emaciation, white chalky deposits on epicardial surface of heart, pin point white deposits on cortical surface of kidneys with pale yellow discoloration and diffused white deposits on serosal surface of stomach and intestine with bloody ingesta in lumen. The hematological changes included non-significant increase in hemoglobin and total leukocyte count and significant increase in relative neutrophil count. The biochemical changes observed were significant increase in plasma concentration of calcium, phosphorus and blood urea nitrogen, whereas a significant decrease in the concentration of albumin and total plasma protein was observed. The histopathological lesions included calcification of various organs, viz., tongue, stomach, intestines, kidney, heart, aorta, larynx, trachea, lungs, spleen, choroid plexus arteries of brain and vas deferens. The Aloe vera juice (2.5% in drinking water) has no protective effect on vitamin D₃ toxicity (2 mg/kg b.wt.).

Keywords

Aloe vera, calcification, histopathological lesions, hypercalcemia, vitamin D₃ toxicity

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A. M. Kammon ¹, R. S. Brar ¹, S. Sodhi ¹, H. S. Banga ¹, H. S. Sandhu ²

Affiliations
1 Departments of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, IN
2 Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, IN

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the putative neuropathological effects in young chickens after administration of a single dose of 55 mg/kg bw chlorpyrifos. The gross lesions of the nervous system comprised of congestions in the brain. Microscopic examination of brain showed mild congestion of cerebral blood vessels and mild perivascular cuffing of lymphomononuclear cells in the cerebral cortex and necrosis of the neurons. The interesting findings were the presence of cytoplasmic vacuolations of cerebral neurons and swelling of the endothelial cell of the cerebral capillaries. Cerebellum showed congestion and hemorrhages in the granular layer and necrosis of Purkinje cell. Sciatic nerve exhibited mild edema, swelling and degeneration of axons, and swelling of Schwann cells. There was a significant inhibition of plasma cholinesterase enzyme activity in chickens administered with chlorpyrifos compared to chickens of control group. The study revealed that administration of chlorpyrifos produces neuropathological lesions in chickens shortly after exposure.

Keywords

Chickens, chlorpyrifos, neuropathological effects

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