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Sandeep, S.
- Mineralogy of Kaolin Clays in Different forest Ecosystems of Southern Western Ghats, India
Abstract Views :377 |
PDF Views:125
Authors
S. Sandeep
1,
M. P. Sujatha
1
Affiliations
1 Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur 680 653, IN
1 Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur 680 653, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 5 (2014), Pagination: 875-882Abstract
Random X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to identify 1 : 1 clay minerals in soils of five different forest ecosystems such as moist deciduous forests, evergreen forests, shola forests, grasslands and scrub jungles in the southern Western Ghats, India. The study sites experience a humid tropical climate with intense leaching and weathering, except scrub jungle which lies in the rain shadow area of the Western Ghats. XRD analyses of air-dried samples, confirmatory tests using formamide intercalation and SEM could establish kaolinite-halloysite coexistence in clay fractions of three different ecosystems of the Western Ghats. Earlier studies on clay mineralogy in the region failed to establish such coexistence because of the relative metastable nature of halloysite with respect to kaolinite. The identification of soil systems with metastable minerals like halloysite presents interesting possibilities of further studies vis-à-vis soil genesis and management in the tropics.Keywords
forest Ecosystems, Halloysite, Kaolinite, Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction.Full Text
- Tree Allometric Equations in South Asia
Abstract Views :298 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Soil Science Department, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala, IN
2 Statistics Department, National Diary Research Institute, Banglore, IN
3 Forest Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Vialedelle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, IT
4 Statistics Department, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, IN
1 Soil Science Department, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala, IN
2 Statistics Department, National Diary Research Institute, Banglore, IN
3 Forest Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Vialedelle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, IT
4 Statistics Department, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, IN
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 142, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 1-7Abstract
Estimation of volume, biomass and carbon stocks support several applications from the commercial exploitation of timber to global carbon cycle. Especially in the latter context the estimation of tree biomass with sufficient accuracy is essential to determine annual changes of carbon stored in particular ecosystems. Under the aegis of UN - REDD programme an extensive database on tree allometry in South Asia (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) was prepared by extensive and exhaustive literature collected from the region by institutional visits, bibliographic databases and FAO reports. An evaluation of this data on tree allometry in South Asia shows that there exists a total of 4456 equations on volume, biomass, BEF, carbon and other growth variables for 375 species belonging to 96 families and 275 genera. Proportionate allocation of allometric models for different species in the collected documents is not homogenous with commercially important ones capturing more percentage share of equations. Vague description of tree components and output terms reduces the quality of allometric equations developed in the region. Also the geographical distribution of these allometric equations is highly skewed and conscious efforts should be taken to unearth documents on allometry in the neglected life zones.Keywords
Tree Allometric Equation, Estimation of Volume, Biomass, Carbon Stock, South Asia.
- Error Propagation in Forest Biomass Assessment
Abstract Views :247 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Southern Regional Station, National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore (Karnataka), IN
2 Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, IN
3 Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome, IT
1 Southern Regional Station, National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore (Karnataka), IN
2 Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, IN
3 Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome, IT
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 142, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 62-67Abstract
Forest biomass is the basis for the estimation of carbon storage and emission due to forestry sector. Though the total forest biomass includes aboveground and belowground biomass, this paper deals with the issues related to aboveground biomass. The total aboveground biomass is estimated through a number of variables measured across various components of trees using non-destructive methods. The techniques employed range from simple measuring tape to regression models to satellite imageries. The total error in biomass estimates is the sum of errors in the variables propagated in a hierarchical fashion. The knowledge of prediction errors helps to know the quality of biomass and subsequently bio-energy and carbon estimates. In this paper, various sources of error in biomass estimation, error quantification and error propagation are discussed. The sources of error include tree measurements, sampling strategy, choice of an allometric model and satellite imageries.In South Asia, the standard errors of co-efficient of biomass equations and R2 are often depicted as indicators for the quality of volumeand biomass equations. The Studies on error propagation in biomass estimates are scarce. Monte Carlo analysis, Pseudo-meta-analysis and Bayesian model averaging have been investigated to address the issues of error propagation in biomass estimation. Among these Bayesian model averaging appears to be a promising technique.Keywords
Biomass, Error Propagation, Allometric Equation, Monte Carlo Analysis, Pseudo-Meta-Analysis and Bayesian Model.- Status of Forest Biomass and Carbon Stock Assessment in South Asia
Abstract Views :235 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Southern Regional Station, National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, IN
2 Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala, IN
3 Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome, IT
1 Southern Regional Station, National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, IN
2 Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala, IN
3 Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome, IT
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 142, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 81-85Abstract
In this paper, the status of forest biomass and carbon stock assessment in South Asia has been reviewed based on the reports of Forest Resource Assessment (FRA) -2010 published by FAO. The quality of the data reported to FAO is medium to high. The countries heavily depend on growing stock volume from National Forest Inventory reports for biomass and carbon estimation. While the National Forest Inventory is being carried out in India at regular intervals, other countries are attempting or in the process of undertaking periodic forest inventory. Besides updating the existing database of volume and biomass allometric equations, the regional/country specific biomass and carbon conversion factors are required to improve the present biomass and carbon estimates.Keywords
Forest Biomass, Carbon Stock, South Asia.- TMIS:A Decision Support System for Monitoring and Forecasting Prices of Timber Logs
Abstract Views :265 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Southern Regional Station,ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, IN
2 Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, IN
1 Southern Regional Station,ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, IN
2 Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, IN
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 142, No 4 (2016), Pagination: 346-354Abstract
The timber market in developing countries is unorganized and there is no proper system available to track the timber market trends. The aim of the study was to develop a computer based decision support system to monitor the timber prices. This system is called as Timber Market Intelligence System (TMIS). In order to monitor the prices of various timber species, timber price indices were constructed using three approaches viz., Laspeyre's, Pasche's and Fisher's Price Index and implemented in TMIS. The price forecast models were also incorporated. The TMIS was demonstrated using the timber price data of Timber Sales Depots of Kerala Forests and Wildlife Department for the period 2005 to 2009. The results indicated that one of the three price index approaches is sufficient to track the teak prices. A simple aggregate price index was found useful in the case of other species Artocarpus hirsutus, Grewia tiliifolia, Xylia xlocarpa, Terminelia paniculata, Terminelia bellirica, Terminelia tomentosa and Largerstroemia microcarpa. The maximum growth in teak prices was observed during the period 2006 to 2007 and only a marginal increase was observed from the year 2008 onwards. The annual growth rate in the prices of teak was lower as compared to other timber species.Keywords
Timber Market Intelligence, Timber Price Index, Timber Depots.- Mineralogical Transformations under Fire in the Montane Grassland Systems of the Southern Western Ghats, India
Abstract Views :342 |
PDF Views:109
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science, KSCSTE – Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi 680 653, IN
1 Department of Soil Science, KSCSTE – Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi 680 653, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 116, No 6 (2019), Pagination: 966-971Abstract
Forest systems in the Western Ghats region have undergone significant transformations over the past century and wild fires are considered as a major factor for such modifications. Apart from natural fires, prescribed fire is also adopted as a management strategy in some of the forest types in the region. The present study evaluated the impact of prescribed fires on soil components in the high-altitude montane grassland systems of the southern Western Ghats. Fireinduced mineral transformations were assessed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TGA), differential thermogravimetry (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermodynamic parameters. Organic carbon content which determines key soil functions was found to reduce from 1.96% before fire and stabilize at 1.48% in soils following fire. XRD and TGA–DTA analyses indicated that major changes in soil during fire occurred between 70°C and 110°C, 250°C and 320°C as well as 430°C and 500°C, corresponding to loss of interlayer water from phyllosilicate minerals, modification of gibbsite to amorphous minerals and goethite to hematite, and transformation of kaolinite to metakaolinite respectively. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS and ΔG) estimated from the DSC curves showed that such transformation had positive enthalpy (ΔH) and Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) values; hence they are not spontaneous or reversible by themselves.Keywords
Clay Minerals, Forest Fire, Montane Grassland Systems, Thermodynamics.Full Text
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- Impact of Floods and Landslides on Beneficial Soil Microbes and Nutrients in Selected High Ranges of Kerala, India
Abstract Views :179 |
PDF Views:76
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikara, Thrissur 680 656, IN
2 Department of Soil Science, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur 680 653, IN
1 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikara, Thrissur 680 656, IN
2 Department of Soil Science, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur 680 653, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 125, No 8 (2023), Pagination: 878-885Abstract
To ascertain the impacts of flood-affected and landslide-impacted soils on the microbial community and soil nutrient status, an assessment between disturbed and undisturbed soils was conducted. Without discernible differences between soils impacted by flooding and landslides, the total bacterial and fungal population had decreased in disturbed soils. The lack of organic carbon and copper in flood-affected soils profoundly impacted the bacterial population. The disturbed soils were found to have reduced organic carbon, nitrogen and micronutrients. The microbial isolates that persisted even in these degraded conditions may be considered potential bioagents for the restoration of disturbed soils.Keywords
Floods, High-Range Areas, Landslides, Microbial Community, Soil Nutrients.Full Text
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- Impact of floods and landslides on beneficial soil microbes and nutrients in selected high ranges of Kerala, India
Abstract Views :144 |
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikara, Thrissur 680 656, India, IN
2 Department of Soil Science, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur 680 653, India, IN
1 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikara, Thrissur 680 656, India, IN
2 Department of Soil Science, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur 680 653, India, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 125, No 8 (2023), Pagination: 878-885Abstract
To ascertain the impacts of flood-affected and landslide-impacted soils on the microbial community and soil nutrient status, an assessment between disturbed and undisturbed soils was conducted. Without discernible differences between soils impacted by flooding and landslides, the total bacterial and fungal population had decreased in disturbed soils. The lack of organic carbon and copper in flood-affected soils profoundly impacted the bacterial population. The disturbed soils were found to have reduced organic carbon, nitrogen and micronutrients. The microbial isolates that persisted even in these degraded conditions may be considered potential bioagents for the restoration of disturbed soilsFull Text