Informatics Publishing Limited

S. Patra ¹, G. Mishra ¹, S. K. Dash ², D. K. Verma ¹, S. Nandi ³, P. Jayasankar ³, P. Routray ¹

Affiliations
1 Cryobiology Laboratory, Aquaculture Production and Environment Division, ICAR – Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751 002, IN
2 Berhampur University, Berhampur 760 007, IN
3 Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751 002, IN

Abstract

Cryopreservation of gametes and germ cells is an essential tool for germplasm conservation and improvement of productivity in aquaculture. Here, transplantation worthiness of isolated cryopreserved germ cells (GCs) of Indian major carp, rohu Labeo rohita has been tested by their viability and colonization ability in the allogenic host (Catla catla). GCs were cryopreserved using dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG) and glycerol. Rohu GCs were successfully cryopreserved with significantly higher viability using slow cooling rate of -1C/min and a medium containing 1.4 M DMSO compared to EG and glycerol. It was found that more than 70% GCs were viable following this method. Transplantation experiment revealed that frozen/thawed GCs colonized and proliferated in the gonad of the recipients. Hence, this technique of transplantation of GC into adult gonads paves the way for further applications in surrogate animal development.

Keywords

Carp, Cryopreservation, Toxicity, Transplantation, Viability.

Full Text

   

S. Nandi ¹, J. Singh ¹, T. P. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttrakhand, IN

Abstract

The expected scarcity of petroleum supplies and the negative environmental consequences of fossil fuels have spurred the search for renewable and non-traditional energy sources and sustained conservation of fossil fuel. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines that can be produced from renewable feedstocks such as vegetable oil and animal fats. These feedstocks are with an alcohol to produce alkyl monoesters that can be used in conventional diesel engines with little or no modification. Previous research has shown that biodiesel fuelled engines produce less carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and particulate emissions compared to diesel fuel. One drawback of biodiesel is that it is more prone to oxidation than petroleum-based diesel fuel. During long term storage, oxidation due to contact with air (auto-oxidation) presents a legitimate concern with respect to maintaining fuel quality of biodiesel. This work reported the results of the study of oxidation on the physico-chemical properties of biodiesel produced from Palm oil (Elaeis guinensis Jacq) and its blend with diesel through the different period of storage life. This oxidation results in increase in kinematic viscosity, relative density and acid value. While the flash and fire point and calorific value are decreased as oxidation proceeds.

Keywords

Methyl Ester of Palm Oil, Biodiesel, Oxidation.

Full Text

   

S. Nandi ¹, Arnab Chatterjee ¹, Prantik Samanta ¹, Tanushree Hansda ¹

Affiliations
1 Nandi & Associates (P) Ltd, 76/1, Shreerampur (N), Garia, Kolkata-700084, IN

Abstract

Cellular Concrete is a cementitious paste of neat cement or cement & fine sand with a multitude of micro/macroscopic discrete air cells uniformly distributed throughout the mixture to create a lightweight concrete. The concrete is manufactured in two methods viz. First by mixing a preformed foam (surfactant) or mix-foaming agents mixture into the cement & water slurry with the hardening of concrete, the bubbles disintegrate leaving air voids of similar sizes. Second designated as Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC), consisting of a mix of lime, sand, cement, water & an expansion agent. The bubble is made by adding expansion agents (aluminum powder or hydrogen peroxide) to the mix during the mixing process. This creates a chemical reaction that generates gas, either as hydrogen or as oxygen to form a gas-bubble structure within the concrete to be molded. Each mold is filled to one half of its depth with the slurry. The gasification process begins & the mixture expands to fill the mold above the top similar to baking a cake. After the initial setting, it is cured under high-pressured-steam (180° to 210°C/356° to 410°F) "autoclaved" for a specific amount of time to produce the final micro/macro-structure. HPCC has is an excellent insulator & significantly reduces the transfer of heat through concrete member. With a low water absorption, high tensile strength, high fire resistance & sound retention, this corrects deficiencies in the sand reducing bleeding. Besides structural forms cellular concrete finds application in as Flowable Fill or Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM), Low Density Controlled Low Strength Material (LD-CLSM) which is a an engineered backfill material used as an alternative to compacted fill that can make backfill faster, being selfleveling, making total compaction within a few hours of placement. Compressive strengths can be adjusted according to the project requirements. Placing as a permanent material or permitting re-excavation at a later date is the paramount advantage of this material.

Keywords

Cellular Concrete, CLSM, Foam Concrete, CLC, HySSIL.

Full Text

   

S. Nandi ¹, Tanushree Hansda ¹, Hemant Himangshu ², Tumpa Paul Nandi ¹

Affiliations
1 Nandi & Associates (P) Ltd, 76/1, Shreerampur (N), Garia, Kolkata-700084, IN
2 Department of Construction Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700098, IN

Abstract

The world is getting populated day by day & the population explosion is creating pressure on all the natural resources & the necessity of spending the same in a judicious fashion is the cry of the day. The primal item of man use is water which is scarce as ever & the judicious spending of the same is necessary using a GIS monitored system, coupled with minimal use of fertiliser to maximise the crop growth at the minimal use of irrigation. GIS applications are tools that allow users to create interactive queries (user-created searches), analyze spatial information, edit data in maps & present the results of all these operations. In more generic sense GIS is a tool that allows users to create interactive queries analyze the spatial information & edit data. The later part of the paper discusses the scope of GIS, its uncertanities, raster to vector translation, data representation, GIS in irrigation management, GIS for predicting the future irrigation demand growth, GIS based irrigation water demand estimation, etc. The paper further discusses GISAREG program in irrigation simulation with a special reference to GIS user-interface techniques in precision farming of rice leading to the GIS model in estimating the regionally distributed drought water demand. In a nutshell the paper discusses all the facets of application of GIS in mankind including GIS model in estimating the regionally distributed drought water demand.

Keywords

GISAREG, GIS in Irrigation Management, GIS in Drought Water Estimation, DSS, ArcView GIS's Application in Italy.

Full Text

   

S. Nandi ¹, Tanushree Hansda ¹, Hemant Himangshu ², Tumpa Paul Nandi ¹

Affiliations
1 Nandi & Associates (P) Ltd, 76/1, Shreerampur (N), Garia, Kolkata-700084, IN
2 Department of Construction Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700098, IN

Abstract

Managing water for multiple benefits & between competing demands is occupying the minds of irrigators, catchment water managers & policy-makers. Remote sensing techniques are becoming powerful tools for efficient management of irrigation systems in large irrigated areas. This overview of the studies to date indicates that remote sensing-based monitoring of irrigation is at an intermediate stage of development at local scales. Remote sensing applications in irrigation management range from water availability studies in the catchment to the salinity studies in the command area. The objective of this research paper is to present the state of the art on applications of satellite remote sensing that support, management of irrigation systems & to identify emerging approaches that focus on future perspectives of research which may pave the way to operationalise the remote sensing techniques in practice.

Keywords

RS, Irrigation Management, Precision Farming, UMAC Model, Future Perspectives, IIS, AS, WWD.

Full Text