Informatics Publishing Limited

T. S. Renuga Devi ¹, S. Gunasekaran ², J. Wesley Hudson ³, I. Sarone Angelah Joybell ³

Affiliations
1 PG Department of Physics, Women’s Christian College, Chennai, IN
2 Periyar University, Salem, IN
3 Department of Mathematics, Women’s Christian College, IN

Abstract

This study attempts to evaluate the spectral difference between healthy and renal failure blood sera and also to find the efficacy of peritoneal dialysis in renal failure patients using FTIR spectroscopic technique. Six chronic renal failure patients were enrolled in the study. FTIR blood spectra were recorded over the region 4000 - 400 cm ^-1 on a Perkin Elmer spectrum one FTIR spectrometer. The internal standard ratios among the absorption peaks were calculated and it is found to be an indicator to differentiate the diseased subjects from the healthy one. In order to find the efficacy of peritoneal dialysis the absorption values of the specific bands of both pre and post treatment spectra were noted and the internal ratio parameter were calculated. The comparison of these values showed that the spectra are not similar when compared down to finer details.

Keywords

Blood, Renal Failure, Peritoneal Dialysis, FTIR Spectroscopy

Full Text

   

A. Rajalakshmi ¹, T. S. Renugadevi ², S. Gunasekaran ³

Affiliations
1 D.A.V - BHEL School, BHEL Campus, Ranipet, Vellore Dt, Tamilnadu, IN
2 P. G Dept. of Physics, Women’s Christian College, Chennai, IN
3 Registrar, Periyar University, Salem, IN

Abstract

UV-Visible spectroscopic technique is employed to study the spectral differences between preand post-vaccinated blood samples of sheep with anthrax spore vaccine. The internal standards among the application peaks were calculated. There was a marked difference in the absorption levels of the pre and post vaccinated blood samples. The resultant variation is attributed to the production of antibodies in the animal. Spectral study can emerge as an alternate and cost effective test for screening vaccinated animal or animal product.

Keywords

Spectroscopy, Anthrax Spore Vaccine, Bacillus Anthracis, ELISA Test

Full Text

   

S. Djodilatchoumy ¹, N. Rama ², S. Gunasekaran ³

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Computer Sci. & Applications; 3 Spectrophysics Res. Lab., Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai-600030, IN
2 Dept. of Computer Science, Presidency College, Chennai-600005, IN
3 Spectrophysics Res. Lab., Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai-600030, IN

Abstract

Anaemia is a common problem in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) leading to substantial morbidity and mortality if untreated. The particular cells of the failing kidney are unable to secrete sufficient erythropoietin, the harmone that stimulates erythropoiesis. Treatment of anaemia with erythropoiesisstimulating agents (ESA) has led to increased quality of life and a reduced cardiovascular risk. Therefore anaemic blood has to be identified and proper treatment has to be given. Though investigations on characterisation of anaemic blood and therapeutic effect of erythropoietin in CKD have been done by many, not much work is done on automation of this investigations. The goal of this study is to train the System (Neural Network [NN]) to identify whether the given blood sample is anaemic blood or not and also to examine prospectively the effect of erythropoietin in anaemic patients using the System which is already trained to identify the anaemic blood.

Keywords

Anaemia, Erythropoietin, Chronic Kidney Disease, Neural Network

Full Text

   

S. Arul Antony ¹, M. Balakrishnan ², S. Gunasekaran ³, R. K. Natarajan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, Presidency College, Chennai - 600 005, IN
2 Department of Physics, Presidency College, Chennai - 600 005, IN
3 Department of Physics, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai – 600 030, IN
4 Dept. of Science & Humanities, Dhanalakshmi College of Engg., Chennai -601 301, IN

Abstract

The increased prominence of the petroleum industry in Manali at North Chennai has given rise to a concomitant upsurge of ecological disturbances together with groundwater pollution. Ten representative groundwater samples were collected from various parts of the industrial region in the monsoon, winter and summer seasons during 2006-2007 and those water samples were analysed by standard analytic methods. As many as twenty water quality parameters were taken into account in the correlation analysis. Some parameters were found within and some parameters beyond the permissible limit. Correlation coefficients (r) between different pairs of parameters were computed. Significant positive correlation was found to exist between the pairs of parameters; turbidity-alkalinity, turbidity-iron, ECNa, TDS-EC, TDS-TH, EC-TH, TH-K and CODBOD. It is also observed that, some of the parameters were found to have weak correlation and some parameters have negative correlation.

Keywords

Manali, Petroleum Industry, Groundwater Quality, Correlation Coefficients

Full Text

   

M. Balakrishnan ¹, S. Arul Antony ², S. Gunasekaran ³, R. K. Natarajan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, Presidency College, Chennai - 600 005, IN
2 Department of Chemistry, Presidency College, Chennai - 600 005, IN
3 Department of Physics, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai – 600 030, IN
4 Dept. of Science & Humanities, Dhanalakshmi College of Engineering, Chennai-601 301, IN

Abstract

Dyeing and printing of textile being a traditional industry of Kancheepuram town, a good number of textile industries along with dyeing and printing clusters have come up in the area. The dyeing units in Kancheepuram municipality and the surrounding villages are under constant threat of ground water contamination with chemicals of dyes. The present study evaluates the groundwater quality in and around the Kancheepuram town of Tamil Nadu with reference to drinking and irrigation purposes. Twenty groundwater samples were collected from various parts of the dyeing industrial region and the samples were analysed with standard analytic methods. The concentrations of total dissolved solids (1138 to 2574 mg/L), chloride (216 to 847 mg/L), total hardness (225 to 760 mg/L), sulphate (64 to 536 mg/L), nitrate (up to 58 mg/L), iron (up to 2.3 mg/L) and lead (up to 0.281 mg/L) were found to be higher and exceeded the permissible limits of BIS and WHO standards. The user specific water quality indices (USWQI) of each groundwater sample were evaluated for both purposes. The USWQI of the groundwater samples varied from 85 to 30 for drinking purpose and 89 to 50 for irrigation purpose. The results show that, the groundwater quality in the present study area can be categorized under 'good' for irrigation purpose and 'fair' for drinking purpose. Access to safe drinking water supply is one of the basic needs of society and hence a comprehensive plan of action is sought to curb groundwater contamination in the studied region.

Keywords

Dye, Groundwater, Water Quality, Drinking, Irrigation, Uswqi, Kancheepuram

Full Text

   

A. Rajalakshmi ¹, S. Gunasekaran ², T. S. Renuga Devi ³

Affiliations
1 Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi Viswa MahaVidyalaya, Enathur, Kanchipuram-631 561, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Registrar, Periyar University, Salem-636 011, Tamilnadu, IN
3 P.G.Department of Physics, Women’s Christian College, Chennai-600 005, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

This study provides scope for spectroscopic method that can be used as in-vitro test to assess the potent of vaccination instead of conventional in-vivo test. India tops in cattle wealth as well as in milk production in the world. Livestock are to be regularly vaccinated to protect them from many infectious and contagious diseases. We investigated the changes in protein and lipids levels in the pre and post vaccinated sera samples of bovine using FTIR spectral analysis. Two groups of seven animals were vaccinated with Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Vaccine (HSV) and Black Quarter Vaccine (BQV). Pre and post vaccinated sera samples of cattle were collected and tested using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectrometer. Spectroscopic method of blood analysis is an alternate technique to the clinical method since they require fewer samples and provide more information. The variation observed in peaks indicating the change in protein and lipids levels in the animals was due to introduce of antigens. Compared to ELISA, spectral analysis is cost effective test besides it requires small amount of sample for analysis and conforms to bioethics. In vivo challenge test can be replaced once this procedure is standardized which can satisfy the CPCSEA-"Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision on Experiments on Animal"- which imposes stringent regulations to use animal for experiments.

Keywords

Cattle, Livestock, Vaccination, Spectroscopy, FTIR Spectrometer

Full Text

   

P. Venkatesan ¹, C. Dharuman ², S. Gunasekaran ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Statistics, Tuberculosis Research Centre, ICMR, Chennai-600 031, IN
2 P. G. Department of Mathematics, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai-600 030, IN
3 P. G. Department of Physics, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai-600 030

Abstract

In recent years, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy has had an increasingly important role in the field of pathology and diagnosis of disease states. The principal component regression (PCR) and the partial least squares regression (PLS) are the often proposed methods and widely used in FTIR data analysis, when the number of explanatory variable is relatively large in comparison to the samples as the least squares estimator may fail in such situations. They provide biased estimators with the relatively smaller variation than the variance of the least squares estimators. In this paper, a FTIR diabetes dataset is used in order to examine the performance of the two biased regression models on prediction. The conclusion is that for prediction PCR and PLS provides similar results which require substantial verification for any claims as to the superiority of any of the two biased regression methods.

Keywords

Fourier Transform Infrared, Principal Component Regression, Partial least Square, Diabetes Data

Full Text

   

S. Gunasekaran ¹, H. Abdulrauf ²

Affiliations
1 EEE Department, VLB Janakiammal College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, IN
2 CMS College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, IN

Abstract

This paper describes a complete digital controlled DC-DC buck converter performed by Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) circuitry. All tasks as are Analog to Digital conversion (A/D), control algorithm and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) were implemented in the (FPGA). This methodological enables high speed dynamic response and programmability of the controller without external passive components and more the controller structure could be changed from linear to non linear easily, also without external components. The applied algorithm enables the switching frequency of 100 KHZ.

Keywords

DC-DC Buck Converter, Digital Control, Field Programmable Gate Arrays, PWM Control.

Full Text

     

S. Premkumar ¹, G. Ramu ¹, S. Gunasekaran ¹, D. Baskar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai - 600073, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Water management is a burning issue in Air Breathing Fuel Cells (ABFC). Flooding and dehydration are the two main degradation mechanisms that occur when water management is not adequate. In this paper, experimental studies on air breathing fuel cell with ducted and planar design on cathode side were studied, including experiments with three different ratios of cathode open area with each design, varying the channel dimensions in the ducted design and varying the current collecting and the open area in the planar design. In ducted design the mass transfer limitations and flooding can be reduced with wider channels, where as in planar design larger opening area reduce the mass transfer limitations however wide channels require a rigid gas diffusion backing with current collecting ducts. The effect of varying hydrogen flow rate, various cell orientations, various ambient temperatures of both ducted and planar designs were compared.

Keywords

Air Breathing Fuel Cells, Ducted Design, Planar Design, Water Management.

Full Text

   

S. Djodilatchoumy ¹, N. Rama ², S. Gunasekaran ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science & Applications, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai-600 030, IN
2 Department of Computer Science, Presidency College, Chennai - 600 005, IN
3 Spectrophysics Laboratory, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai - 600 030, IN

Abstract

Elevated lipid level is supposed to be one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Therefore lipid lowering is one of the major target in cardiovascular treatment and prevention. Hence hyperlipidemic blood has to be identified and lipid level has to be lowered. Atorvastatin and simvastatin are the lipid lowering agents, they lower the low density cholesterol. For the characterization of hyperlipidemic blood, the FTIR spectra of blood sera of 20 healthy people and 20 hyperlipidemic patients of the same age group were recorded and fed as input to our system.To study the efficacy of statins, the FTIR spectral data of blood sera of the 20 hyperlipidemic patients of the same age group and blood group were recorded and fed as input to our system. Our system is trained to distinguish between the healthy and hyperlipidemic blood. Some remarkable differences are identified by our system. Both the statins were well tolerated and it is concluded from the results that Atorvastatin is more efficacious than simvastatin in modifying lipids in patients with hyperlipidemia and a high coronary heart disease risk. FTIR spectroscopy allows accurate lipids concentration determination. The results obtained from our System are well supported by both spectroscopic data and clinical data. Since our system is trained to distinguish the hyperlipidemic blood with the fine details of FTIR spectra, it can improve the diagnostic accuracy and rate of cardiovascular treatment and also it can analyze the efficacy of statins at a faster rate with more accuracy.

Keywords

Lipids, Hyperlipidemia, Atorvastatin, Simvastatin, Efficacy of Statins.

Full Text

   

Sm. Ramasamy ¹, J. Saravanavel ¹, C. J. Kumanan ¹, S. Gunasekaran ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Remote Sensing, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 023, IN

Abstract

As the southern part of the Indian Peninsula including the state of Tamil Nadu (TN) (Figure 1 a and b) is a low easterly gradient plain, the rivers that originate from the Western Ghats and the uplands in the west seem to have flowed towards the east with stable dynamics as evidenced from their well-evolved life histories with youthful, mature and old stages. So, the mouths of these river systems provided favourable avenues for ports and the related flourishing maritime activities since historical times. The port city of Poompuhar located at the mouth of River Cauvery in TN was one such a city of glory and had a prominent maritime history attracting traders from several countries (Figure 1).

Full Text

   

P. Udhayakala ¹, T. V. Rajendiran ², S. Gunasekaran ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, Dr.MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai-600095, IN
2 Department of Chemistry, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai - 600 030, IN
3 Department of Physics, Spectrophysics Research Laboratory, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai- 600 030, IN

Abstract

The molecular structure of 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine (DHPM) and 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine (DAHPM) were confirmed computationally by performing the density functional theory(DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) basis set level and the statistical thermodynamic functions like translational,vibrational,rotational entropies,rotational constants,zero point energies of the compounds were calculated and compared.

Keywords

4,6-Dihydroxypyrimidine and 2,4-Diamino-6-Hydroxypyrimidine, Dft, Statistical Thermodynamic Functions.

Full Text

     

G. Vishnupraba ¹, S. Chandru ², S. Gunasekaran ², A. Pravin raja ², G. Vishnu ²

Affiliations
1 Department of EEE, Excel College of Engineering & Technology
2 Department of EEE, Excel College of Engineering & Technology, IN

Abstract

A Embedded based Electric Shock Protection by automatic disconnection of supply is proposed. The Contact currents, that occur when a person touches a conducting surface at higher potential, are used to detect if the person is receiving a shock. The shock arises, contact currents flow through various paths in the body including the skin surface, creating a potential difference on the skin surface. The protection kit, to be worn on human body just like a wristwatch, monitors this potential difference and signals another circuit through wireless communication to disconnect the power supply thus saving the person’s life. It also provides protection when the person touches both the power conductors electrical shocks both with ac and dc power supplies.

Keywords

Contact Currents, Electric Shock, Human Body, Safety.

Full Text

     

S. Gunasekaran ¹, C. Bandeswaran ², C. Valli ¹

Affiliations
1 Institute of Animal Nutrition, Kattupakkam,Orathanadu, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai 600 051, IN
2 Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai 600 051, IN

Abstract

Availability of quality green fodder has always been a challenge to livestock farmers. The green fodder deficit in India is reported to be 24.81%, which is mainly due to the decline in pasture lands in the urbanization era and vagaries in monsoon¹. Conventional fodder crops are grown in soil which involves large land area, more manpower and huge amounts of water². Alternative means to ensure fodder production for feeding livestock is an urgent priority. Hydroponic fodder production is one such technology to increase green fodder production by vertical farming which requires less land, water as well as manpower. The term ‘hydroponics’ was derived from the Greek word ‘hydro’ meaning water and ‘ponos’ meaning labour. This system helps overcome the challenges of climatic change and also helps in production system management for efficient utilization of natural resources and mitigating malnutrition³. Hence, the present study was envisaged to assess the feasibility of low-cost techniques using six experiments in a low-cost hydroponic fodder unit for the production of hydroponic green fodder for sustainable livestock farming during fodder scarcity.

Full Text