Informatics Publishing Limited

S. Ganesh ¹, K. Soorianathasundaram ¹, M. Kannan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore T.N., IN
2 Department of Fruit Crops, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore T.N., IN

Abstract

Field experiment was conducted during May 2009 to April 2010 in tuberose cv. Prajwal to study the growth and yield as influenced by plant growth regulators and micronutrients in Factorial Randomized Block Design. The treatment comprised of dipping the bulbs in two growth regulators namely, GA3 @ 200 ppm for 12 h, CCC @ 5000 ppm for 1 h were given at planting and foliar spray of micronutrients namely, H3BO3 0.1 %, ZnSO4 0.5 % and FeSO4 0.2 % were applied either alone or in combinations on 60, 120, 180 and 240 days after sprouting. Observations were recorded on sprouting, growth, flowering and yield parameters. The results revealed that dipping of bulbs in GA3 @ 200 ppm for 12 hours recorded 100 per cent sprouting and early sprouting by 5 days over control (12.75 days). Dipping the bulbs in GA3 @ 200 ppm and foliar spray of all the micronutrients (B, Zn and Fe) recorded highest plant height (49.56 cm) at first spike emergence, total leaf area per clump (2317.20 cm2), spike length (100.59 cm), number of flowers per spike (45.74), improved flower length (7.24 cm), enhanced flower yield per hectare (16.24 t) and highest estimated net income of Rs. 6,44,444 per hectare. The dipping treatments with CCC@ 5000 ppm for 1 h significantly increased the number of leaves at first spike emergence (25.29), diameter of unopened flower bud (3.78 cm) and extended duration of flowering (21.38 days). The increase in yield is resulted by the assimilatory power of growth regulators and contributory role of all the micronutrients involved. Economic analysis also revealed that micronutrient sprays at 60, 120, 180 and 240 days after sprouting could be beneficial when dipping of bulbs in GA3 @ 200 ppm for 12 h and this will be quite profitable to the farmers cultivating in the marginal soils.

Keywords

Tuberose, Gibberellic Acid, Cycocel, Boric Acid, Zinc Sulphate, Ferrous Sulphate

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L. Prasanna Venkatesh ¹, S. Ganesh ¹, K. B. Naidu ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics, Sathyabama University, Chennai-600 119, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

In this paper we consider Magnetohydrodynamic viscous oscillatory fully developed flow of stratified fluid in a long vertical narrow rectangular channel with one side being pervious and the other side being impervious. By applying Lubrication approximation and similarity transformation, closed form solutions are obtained. The graphical interpretations of the effects of various parameters related to the problem on transverse and axial velocity profiles are illustrated in detail. The outcome of the investigation reveals that the stratification effects reverse the flow near the center of the channel while magnetohydrodynamic effects make the flow linear closer to the plates. The results obtained give a significant measure to control the flow with the effects of various parameters involved.

Keywords

Channel Flow, Lubrication Approximation, Magnetohydrodynamics, Similarity Transformation, Stokes Flow, Stratification Parameter, Viscous Oscillatory Flow.

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S. Ganesh ¹, V. S. Dhanyasree ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sardar Raja College of Engineering, Alangulam, Tirunelveli, IN

Abstract

The fundamental problem in any monitoring system is when and how a mobile client should send location updates to the server, because it determines three principal performance measures such as monitoring accuracy, efficiency, and privacy. In this paper the clients considered as, are privacy conscious. The PCS is the comprehensive framework that addresses the issue of location updating holistically with monitoring accuracy, efficiency, and privacy altogether. This framework extends from the previous work by introducing a common privacy model, and therefore, suits realistic scenarios. We incorporate other types of queries into the framework, such as spatial joins and aggregate queries. We optimize the performance of the framework by sequentially optimizing the queries but maintain the safe region accumulated by the queries optimized so far.

Keywords

Spatial Databases, Location-Dependent and Sensitive, Mobile Applications, Global Safe Region.

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Ravindra Kumar ¹, S. Ganesh ², R. Chithiraichelvan ¹, K. K. Upreti ³, V. V. Sulladmath ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Fruit Crops, ICAR - Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru-560 089, IN
2 Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed University), Gandhigram, Dindigul-624302, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR - Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru-560089, IN

Abstract

The effects of tree spacing (5x2m, 5x2.5m, 5x3m, 5x3.5m and 5x4m) and pruning (8 buds/cane, 6 buds/cane and 4 buds/cane) on vegetative growth, physiological parameters, fruit yield and quality were studied in fig (Ficus carica L.) cv. Deanna in the 3^rd and 4^th year of its growth during the period 2010-12. It was observed that with increase in tree spacing, growth parameters like leaf number, shoot length, internode length, tree-spread, tree height and tree circumference, along with fruit yield both in terms of fruit number and fruit weight per tree, declined gradually under different pruning levels. Increase in pruning level from 8 buds/cane to 4 buds/cane resulted in increased leaf number, shoot length and internode length. Yield characters, viz., fruit number/tree, fruit weight/tree, fruit number/hectare and fruit weight/hectare were marginally influenced by pruning. However, interaction effects of pruning and spacing were found to be non-significant. Consistently declining trends in photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance, along with increase in leaf water potential value were observed with increase in spacing. Effects of spacing were more conspicuous than those of pruning. Best results for maintenance of vigour and fruit yield were observed under a spacing of 5x2m or 5x2.5m, and 4 buds/cane pruning. Although there was reduction in average fruit size under closer spacing when compared to wide spacing, fruit quality attributes like TSS and acidity were not affected by various treatments. Effects of closer spacing on growth and yield parameters were more pronounced in the 3^rd year as compared to the 4^th year, showing better response to treatments in young trees. Fruit yield calculated on per hectare basis showed highest fruit number of 116500-133750 and 274500-299500, and fruit weight of 54.5-62.0 and 158.77- 173.30 quintals/ha, respectively, during the 3^rd and 4^th year of planting under closer spacing of 5x2m and 4 buds/cane pruning.

Keywords

Ficus carica, Fig Deanna, Growth, Pruning, Fruit Quality, Spacing, Yield.

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M. Senthilkumar ¹, S. Ganesh ¹, K. Srinivas ², P. Panneerselvam ²

Affiliations
1 Gandhigram Rural Institute, Gandhigram - 624302, IN
2 Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore 560089, IN

Abstract

Studies were carried out at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, to test the effect of fertigation with a consortium of biofertilizers for sustainable production in banana cv. Robusta (AAA). The combination of fertigation and consortium of biofertilizers significantly influenced yield and yield-attributing characters in both primary and ratoon crops. Fertigation with 100% recommended dose of fertilizers along with the consortium of biofertilizers recorded significantly higher yield compared to soil application of fertilizer, farm yard manure and consortium of biofertilizers. However, yield difference between 100% and 75% recommended dose of fertilizers was not significant. Likewise, yield difference between 75% and 50% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) too did not differ significantly, although yields declined at 50% RDF. Other growth characters such as number of leaves and plant girth were also significantly influenced by the combined application of fertigation and the consortium of biofertilizers in both main and the crops. However, plant height, number of hands per bunch and TSS were not affected by these treatments. Pulp-to-peel ratio significantly differed in both the main plant and ratoon crops, but days to maturity differed significantly in the ratoon crop. Main plant crop yields were higher compared to that in ratoon. N and K accumulation was significantly higher at 100% fertigation with 300g of the consortium of biofertilizers in both the seasons. However, accumulation of phosphorous was higher at 100% fertigation with 300g of the consortium of biofertilizers (CBF) in the plant crop whereas, in the ratoon crop, highest accumulation of P in the stem was observed at 100% RDF+100g CBF, and, in the leaf and fruit, at 100% RDF with 300g and 200g of CBF, respectively.

Keywords

Banana, Drip Irrigation, Fertigation, PGPR, Biofertilizers, VAM.

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T. Nagarjuna , S. Ganesh

Abstract

This paper presents the strategy of applying Hybrid adaption techniques in MIMO OFDM system. With the rapid growth of digital communication in recent years, the need for high-speed data transmission is increased. Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna architecture has the ability to increase capacity and reliability of a wireless communication system. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is another popular technique in wireless communication which is famous for the efficient high speed transmission and robustness to frequency selective channels. Therefore, the integration of the two technologies probably has the potential to meet the ever growing demands of future communication systems. First focusing on OFDM in which the bit error rate (BER) of multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) in flat Rayleigh fading channel for 128,256,512 subcarriers was calculated and also channel estimation can be done by using different algorithms which is carried out through Matlab software. The channel estimation of MIMO OFDM system is calculated by using Minimum mean square error algorithm (MMSE) and compares the actual value and estimation errors using Matlab simulation. Then take the feedback from the channel estimation and apply hybrid adaptation techniques to improve the spectral efficiency and to reduce the transmit power. This system is used in wireless LAN i.e. IEEE 802.11a/g, HYPERLAN etc.

Keywords

MIMO, OFDM, BER, M-QAM, MMSE, MIMO OFDM

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S. Ganesh ¹, R. Amutha ²

Affiliations
1 Sathyabama University, Chennai-600119, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudhar-602105, IN

Abstract

Reliable transport protocols such as TCP are tuned to perform well in traditional networks where packet losses occur mostly because of congestion. Many applications of wireless sensor networks are useful only when connected to an external network. Previous research on transport layer protocols for sensor networks has focused on designing protocols specifically targeted for sensor networks. The deployment of TCP/IP in sensor networks would, however, enable direct connection between the sensor network and external TCP/IP networks. In this paper we focus on the performance of TCP in the context of wireless sensor networks. TCP is known to exhibit poor performance in wireless environments, both in terms of throughput and energy efficiency. To overcome these problems we introduce a mechanism called TCP Segment Caching .We show by simulation that TCP Segment Caching significantly improves TCP Performance so that TCP can be useful even in wireless sensor.

Keywords

Energy Efficiency, Transport Protocol, Wireless Sensor Network.

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