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Ganapathy, S.
- Design of Decentralized Load-frequency Controllers for Interconnected Power Systems with AC-DC Parallel Tie-lines and GDB Nonlinearity Using MOEA
Abstract Views :357 |
PDF Views:135
Authors
S. Ganapathy
1,
S. Velusami
1
Affiliations
1 Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002,Tamilnadu, IN
1 Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002,Tamilnadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 2, No 7 (2009), Pagination: 18-22Abstract
A new design of decentralized load-frequency controllers for interconnected power systems with AC-DC parallel tie-lines and governor dead band (GDB) nonlinearity using multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) is proposed. A HVDC link is connected in parallel with an existing ac tie-line to stabilize the frequency oscillations of the ac system. The proposed control strategy is mainly based on a compromise between integral squared error and maximum stability margin criteria. A two area interconnected thermal power system is considered to demonstrate the validity of the proposed controller. The simulation results show that the system dynamic performance has been improved with increased stability margin when compared to a conventional controller.Keywords
AC-DC Tie-lines, Governor Dead Band Nonlinearity, Load-frequency Control, Multi-objective Evolutionary AlgorithmFull Text
References
- Chidambaram IA and Velusami S (2005) Design of decentralized biased controllers for load-frequency control of interconnected power systems. Electric Power Components & Systems. 33, 1313-1331.
- Deb K (2001) Multi-objective optimization using evolutionary algorithms, John Wiley, UK.
- Deb K, Mohan M and Mishra S (2003) A fast multiobjective evolutionary algorithm for finding wellspread pareto-optimal solutions. kanGAL Technical Report No. 2003002. Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory. Indian Institute of Technology. Kanpur, India, pp: 1-18.
- Elgerd OE and Fosha CE (1970) Optimum megawatt-frequency control of multi area electric energy systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus & Systems. 89(2), 556-563.
- Kumar P and Ibraheem (2004) Study of dynamic performance of power systems with asynchronous tie-lines considering parameter uncertainties. Journal of Institution of Engineers (India): Electrical Engineering Division. 8, 35-42.
- Mathur HD and Ghosh S (2006) A comprehensiveanalysis of intelligent controllers for load frequency control. Proceedings of IEEE Power India Conference. New Delhi, India, pp: 853-857.
- Nanda J and Kaul BL (1978) Automatic generation control of an interconnected power system. IEE Proceedings. 125(5), 385-390.
- Ogatta K (1970), Modern control engineering. Prentice-Hall.New Jersey.
- Ramar K and Velusami S (1989) Design of decentralized load-frequency controllers using pole placement technique. Electric Machines & Power Systems. 16, 193-207.
- Shayeghi H, Shayanfar HA and Jalili A (2009) Load frequency control strategies: A state-of-the-art survey for the researcher. Energy Conversion & Management. 50(2), 344-353.
- Shin SY, Lee IH and Zhang BT (2006) Microarray probe design using ε-multi-objective evolutionary algorithms with thermodynamic criteria. Proc. EvoWorkshops2006. LNCS 3907. Budapest. Hungary, pp: 184-195.
- Tripathy SC, Hope GS and Malik OP (1982) Optimisation of load-frequency control parameters for power systems with reheat steam turbines and governor dead band nonlinearity. IEE Proc. 129 (1), 10-11.
- Mathematical Modeling of Respiration Rate of Moringa Pods
Abstract Views :236 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Food and Agricultural Process Engineering, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute (T.N.A.U.), Coimbatore T.N., IN
2 Post Harvest Technology Centre, Agricultural Engineering College, Research Institute (T.N.A.U.), Coimbatore T.N., IN
1 Department of Food and Agricultural Process Engineering, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute (T.N.A.U.), Coimbatore T.N., IN
2 Post Harvest Technology Centre, Agricultural Engineering College, Research Institute (T.N.A.U.), Coimbatore T.N., IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Engineering, Vol 6, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 398–402Abstract
Respiration rate is dependent on factors like storage temperature and composition of storage atmosphere, a mathematical approach to predict the respiration rate under given conditions would be an immense help in both design and process control of such storage systems. Experimental data were generated at temperatures of 14 and 28°C for moringa pods using the closed system method. The generated data were used in the model developed byMenon and Goswami (2008) for mango model based on regression analysis. The model was tested for its validity at 21°C and it showed good agreement with the experimentally estimated respiration rate.Keywords
Respiration Rate, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide
- An Intelligent Intrusion Detection Model for MANET’s based on Hybrid Feature Selection
Abstract Views :228 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Prathyusha Institute of Technology and Management, Chennai, IN
2 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Prathyusha Institute of Technology and Management, Chennai, IN
1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Prathyusha Institute of Technology and Management, Chennai, IN
2 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Prathyusha Institute of Technology and Management, Chennai, IN
Source
Artificial Intelligent Systems and Machine Learning, Vol 3, No 13 (2011), Pagination: 849-852Abstract
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) use different data reduction techniques. These techniques influence to improve the performance of the system through detect the attackers. At the same time the existing techniques posses slow training and testing process and are more expensive as well. Moreover, the false alarm rate in such system is high. Therefore, preprocessing is an important issue in Intrusion Detection System. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid attribute selection technique based on Extended Chi-square and Enhanced Multiclass Support Vector Machine (EMSVM) algorithm to build an Intrusion Detection System. Verification tests have been carried out by using the KDD’99 Cup Dataset. From the experiments, it is observed that significant improvement has been achieved from the viewpoint of both high detection and low false alarm rate.
Keywords
Intrusion Detection System (IDS), Enhanced Multiclass Support Vector Machine (EMSVM), Feature Selection.- Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for Analysis of Tadalafil in Human Plasma
Abstract Views :191 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 4, No 8 (2011), Pagination: 1334-1339Abstract
A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of tadalafil in human plasma has been developed. Separation was achieved by Reverse phase chromatography on a Grace Genesis C18 (150 x 4.6 mm, 5μ) column with mobile phase A containing Triethylamine buffer (pH adjusted to 2.5±0.05 with Orthophosphoric acid) and mobile phase B containing Acetonitrile 95%(95:5 (Acetonitrile:water)) as eluent at a flow rate 1.2ml/min. UV detection was performed at 225nm. Lower limit of quantitation was 4.997ng/ml. Maximum between-run precision was 2.085%. Mean extraction recovery was found to be 97.38 to 97.45%. Stability study showed that after three freeze-thaw cycles the loss of three quality control samples were less than 10%. Samples were stable at room temperature for 48h and at -20° for 2months. Before injecting onto HPLC system, the processed samples were stable for at least 6h. The method can be used to perform bioequivalence study in human.- New UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Tadalafil in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulation
Abstract Views :151 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 3, No 4 (2010), Pagination: 958-960Abstract
A simple, sensitive and reproducible UV-Visible spectrophotometric methods (Method A to Method C) are developed for the determination of Tadalafil (TADL) in pure and dosage forms. Method A is based on the formation of colored species on treatment of Tadalafil (TADL) with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent in presence of 4% NaOH Solution. Method B is based on the formation of colored species on treatment of Tadalafil (TADL) with Sodium nitroprusside and Hydroxyl amine. Method C represents UV Spectrophotometric determination of Tadalafil (TADL) and its dosage forms in pH 2.9 Buffer:Acetonitrile (40:60v/v) at 285nm.- New UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Aripiprazole in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulation
Abstract Views :172 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 3, No 4 (2010), Pagination: 1002-1006Abstract
A simple, sensitive and reproducible UV-Visible spectrophotometric methods (Method A to Method F) are developed for the determination of Aripiprazole (ARIP) in pure and dosage forms. Method A is based on the formation of colored species on treatment of Aripiprazole (ARIP) with 3-Methyl-2-benzo thiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) and Cerric Ammonium Sulphate (CAS). Method B is based on the formation of colored species on treatment of Aripiprazole (ARIP) with Fecl3 and 1,10 PTL. Method C is based on the formation of colored species on treatment of Aripiprazole (ARIP) with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent in presence of 4% NaOH Solution. Method D is based on the formation of colored species on treatment of Aripiprazole (ARIP) with DCQC (2,6-dichloroquinone N-chlorimide, Gibbs Reagent). Method E is based on the formation of colored species on treatment of Aripiprazole (ARIP) with NQS (1,2-napthaquinone-4-sulphonic acid). Method F represents UV Spectrophotometric determination of Aripiprazole (ARIP) and its dosage forms in pH 3.0 Buffer:Acetonitrile (62:38v/v) at 250 nm.- Development of Night Time on-Farm Ventilated Potato Storage System Innilgiri Hills of Southern India
Abstract Views :309 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Food and Agricultural Process Engineering, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN
1 Department of Food and Agricultural Process Engineering, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN
Source
International Journal of Processing and Post harvest Technology, Vol 8, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 37-43Abstract
Post harvest losses of potatoes can be minimized by maintaining proper temperature and relative humidity in storage environment and removing the respiratory heat and carbon dioxide. As the farmers in Nilgiri district do not have access to cheaper cold storages, alternative methods of storage taking advantage of prevailing weather conditions were investigated. The diurnal variation in temperature at the place of study was in the range of -3 to 14°C in November and 12 to 28°C in February. Ventilation at flow rate of 0.14 m3/min was adequate to cool the bulk of 250 kg of potatoes to safer limits. The total weight loss at the end of the storage period on the 120th day was highest in ambient storage and least in cold storage. The weight losses were 53, 9.8, 3.6, 14.4, 27.7 and 2.6 per cent under ambient storage, ventilated storage, ventilation with evaporative cooled storage, simple ventilation in pits, traditional storage pit and cold storage, respectively. A similar trend was observed on the physiological loss of weight in the above listed trails. Rotting and sprouting levels were highest in ambient storage and were observed to be 40 per cent and 100 per cent, respectively on the 120th day.Keywords
Potato Storage, Ventilated Storage, On-Farm Storage, Night Time Ventilation.References
- Anonymous (2010). Nilgiri potato and vegetable growrs association, Report on production cost of vegetable.
- Katiyar, H., Singh, N.P. and Raghav, M. (2000). Evaluation of potato cultivars for processing and storage. Prog. Hort., 32 (2):167-171
- Mehta, Ashiv and Singh, S.P. (2004).Biochemical composition and chipping quality of potato tubers during storage as influenced by fertilizer application. J. Food Sci. & Technol., 41(5) : 542-547.
- Mehta, Ashiv and Ezekiel, R. (2010). Non refrigerated storage of potatoes. Potato J., 37 (3/4) : 87 - 99.
- Singh, S.V., Pandey, S.K. and Khurana, P. (2001). Storage behavior of some advanced potato hybrids in plains of Western Uttar Pradesh at ambient temperature. J. Indian Potato Assoc., 28 (1): 135-136.
- Thomas, P., Srirangarajan, A.N., Joshi, M.R. and Janve, M.T. (1979). Storage deterioration in gamma-irradiated and un-irradiated Indian potato cultivars under refrigeration and tropical temperature. Potato Res., 22 : 261-278.
- New UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Levetiracetam in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulation
Abstract Views :139 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 3, No 3 (2010), Pagination: 724-727Abstract
A three simple, sensitive and reproducible UV-Visible spectrophotometric methods (Method A to Method C) are developed for the determination of Levetiracetam (LEVT) in pure and dosage forms. Method A is based on the formation of colored species on treatment of Levetiracetam (LEVT) with 3-Methyl-2-benzo thiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) and Cerric Ammonium Sulphate (CAS). Method B is based on the formation of colored species on treatment of Levetiracetam (LEVT) with Fecl3 and 1,10 PTL. Method C represents UV Spectrophotometric determination of Levetiracetam and its dosage forms in Methanol at 210 nm.- UV Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Gemifloxacin in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulation
Abstract Views :150 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 3, No 3 (2010), Pagination: 745-746Abstract
A simple, sensitive and reproducible spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of Gemifloxacin (GEMI) in pure and dosage forms. It has absorption maximum at 343 nm and obeys beer’s law in the concentration range 2-20 μg mL-1 .Results of analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies .The apparent molar absorptivity and sandell’s sensitivity were 1.3862×104 L mol-1 cm-1 and 2.809×10-2 μg cm-2, respectively. The slope and intercept of the equation of the regression line are 0.05370 and -0.00640 respectively. Correlation coefficient was found to be 0.999. This method is successfully employed for the determination of Gemifloxacin in pharmaceutical preparation.- Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for Analysis of Levetiracetam in Human Plasma
Abstract Views :157 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 3, No 3 (2010), Pagination: 776-780Abstract
A simple Reverse Phase liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of Levetiracetam in human plasma has been developed. Separation was achieved on a Prontosil C8 (150×4.6 mm, 5 μm) column with mobile phase composition of [pH 3.8 buffer:acetonitrile] (Solution A): HPLC grade water (Solution B) in the ratio 60:40 v/v with ultra violet detection at 210 nm. Lower limit of quantitation was 200 ng/ml. Maximum between-run precision was 5.91%. Mean extraction recovery was found to be 100.02 to 103.06%. Stability study showed that after three freeze-thaw cycles the loss of three quality control samples were less than 10%. Samples were stable at room temperature for 48h and at -20° for 2 months. Before injecting onto HPLC system, the processed samples were stable for at least 6 h. The method was used to perform bioequivalence study in human.- Stability Indicating RRLC Method for Determination of Aripiprazole and its Intermediates in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulation
Abstract Views :147 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 SIPCOT Industrial Park, Plot No’s. B3-B6, Irungattukottai, Sriperumbudur-602105, Kancheepuram District, IN
1 SIPCOT Industrial Park, Plot No’s. B3-B6, Irungattukottai, Sriperumbudur-602105, Kancheepuram District, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 3, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 380-385Abstract
An Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatographic method (RRLC) has been developed and subsequently validated for the determination of Aripiprazole and its intermediates in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. Separation was achieved with a Hypersil gold, C18, 50×4.6 mm, 5 μm column with Mixture of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate and Triethylamine (pH adjusted to 3.0±0.05 with Orthophosphoric acid):Acetonitrile:Methanol (60:20:20 ,v/v) as eluent at a flow rate 1.0 ml/min. UV detection was performed at 252 nm. The method is simple, rapid, selective and stability indicating. The described method is linear over a range of 30.507 μg/mL to 183.040 μg/mL. The method precision for the determination of assay was below 2.0% RSD. The Percentage recoveries of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) from dosage forms ranged from 97.4 to 100.2 for all available strengths of Arpiprazole in market. LOD and LOQ of all related impurities of Aripiprazole was established and ranged from 0.015 μg/ml-0.034 μg/ml for LOD and 0.04 μg/ml-0.101 μg/ml for LOQ. The method is useful in the quality control of bulk manufacturing and also in pharmaceutical formulations.- Stability Indicating Fast LC Method for Determination of Tadalafil and its Intermediates in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulation
Abstract Views :138 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 3, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 447-453Abstract
Fast LC method has been developed and subsequently validated for the determination of Tadalafil and its intermediates in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. Separation was achieved in Gradient mode using Peerless HT gold, C18, 50×4.6 mm, 1.8 μm column with mobile phase A containing Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate buffer (pH adjusted to 3.0±0.05 with Orthophosphoric acid) and mobile phase B containing Methanol 100% at different time intervals as eluent at a flow rate 0.8 ml/min. UV detection was performed at 220 nm. The method is simple, rapid, selective and stability indicating. The described method is linear over a range of 12.5748 μg/mL to 76.4548 μg/mL. The method precision for the determination of assay was below 2.0% RSD. The Percentage recoveries of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) from dosage forms ranged from 101.0 to 102.1 for all available strengths of Tadalafil in market. LOD and LOQ of all related impurities of Tadalafil was established and ranged from 0.006 μg/ml-0.011 μg/ml for LOD and 0.018 μg/ml-0.033 μg/ml for LOQ. The method is useful in the quality control of bulk manufacturing and also in pharmaceutical formulations.- Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for Analysis of Gemifloxacin in Human Plasma
Abstract Views :152 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 3, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 192-196Abstract
A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of Gemifloxacin in human plasma has been developed. Separation was achieved by Reverse phase chromatography on a Purospher RP18e (150×4.6 mm, 5 μm) column with mobile phase composition of pH 3.0 buffer: acetonitrile: Methanol in the ratio 75:17:8 v/v with ultra violet detection at 273 nm. Lower limit of quantitation was 50 ng/ml. Maximum between-run precision was 7.44%. Mean extraction recovery was found to be 92.53 to 109.87%. Stability study showed that after three freeze-thaw cycles the loss of three quality control samples were less than 10%. Samples were stable at room temperature for 48 h and at -20° for 2 months. Before injecting onto HPLC system, the processed samples were stable for at least 6 h. The method was used to perform bioequivalence study in human.Keywords
RP HPLC, Validation, Atenolol.- RP-HPLC Determination of Levetiracetam in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulation
Abstract Views :162 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Orchid Healthcare, SIPCOT Industrial Park, B3-B6, Irungattukottai, Sriperumbudur-602105, Kancheepuram District, IN
1 Orchid Healthcare, SIPCOT Industrial Park, B3-B6, Irungattukottai, Sriperumbudur-602105, Kancheepuram District, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 2, No 3 (2009), Pagination: 253-257Abstract
An isocratic reversed phase liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and subsequently validated for the determination of Levetiracetam in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. Separation was achieved with a Hypersil Gold 150×4.6 mm; 5μ column with Mixture of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate and Sodium 1-Heptane Sulphonate (pH adjusted to 2.8±0.05 with Orthophosphoric acid):Acetonitrile (90:10, v/v) as eluent at a flow rate 1.0 ml/min. UV detection was performed at 220 nm. The method is simple, rapid, selective and stability indicating. The described method is linear over a range of 43.444 μg/mL to 289.629 μg/mL. The method precision for the determination of assay was below 1.0% RSD. The Percentage recoveries of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient(API) from dosage forms ranged from 100.2 to 101.0. The method is useful in the quality control of bulk manufacturing and also in pharmaceutical formulations.- Mathematical Modeling of Infrared Assisted Hot Air Drying of Ginger Slices
Abstract Views :573 |
PDF Views:6
Authors
P. V. Alfiya
1,
S. Ganapathy
2
Affiliations
1 Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin (T.N.), IN
2 Department of Food and Agricultural Process Engineering, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN
1 Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin (T.N.), IN
2 Department of Food and Agricultural Process Engineering, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN
Source
Asian Science, Vol 12, No 1-2 (2017), Pagination: 20-25Abstract
Infra-red assisted hot air drying studies were conducted on ginger slices of diameter 20±2.5 mm and thickness 5±0.5 mm. Drying experiments were executed under infra-red and hot air temperature of 60°C with two levels of air velocities: 0.8 m/s and 1.4 m/s. the drying rate was found to increase proportionately with the drying air velocity, thereby minimising the total drying time. Time taken for drying ginger slices from an initial moisture content of 442 per cent (d.b.) to a final moisture content of 8.4 per cent (d.b.) at 0.8 m/s air velocity was 300 min. Whereas, it took 210 min to lower the moisture content of ginger from 433.33 per cent (d.b.) to 6.67% (d.b.) under the drying air velocity of 1.4 m/s. Infrared drying temperature of 60°C in combination with air velocity of 0.8 m/s showed better results for quality evaluation with reduced drying times. Logarithmic model fitted the experimental data well for the whole range of temperatures (R2= 0.9989, RMSE= 0.0119 and λ2= 0.000140574).Keywords
Infra-Red, Ginger Drying, Logarithmic Model, Moisture Ratio, Drying Rate.References
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- Formulation, Evaluation and Comparison of the Polyherbal Shampoo with the Commercial Shampoos
Abstract Views :525 |
PDF Views:360
Authors
Affiliations
1 Divi’s Laboratories Limited, Unit-2, Visakhapatnam − 531163, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 GITAM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vishakhapatnam − 530045, Andhra Pradesh, IN
1 Divi’s Laboratories Limited, Unit-2, Visakhapatnam − 531163, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 GITAM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vishakhapatnam − 530045, Andhra Pradesh, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care, Vol 13, No 3 (2021), Pagination: 254-265Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of Liquid Polyherbal shampoo prepared using herbal extracts with a prominence on safety and efficacy. Polyherbal shampoos prepared using the natural extracts like Pomegranate peel, Reetha, Amla & Hibiscus in different concentrations. Physico-chemical properties and its stability evaluated for manufactured Polyherbal shampoos. Statistical software used to optimize the formulations and to understand main & interaction effects on the shampoo properties along with comparison with commercial products. Prepared Liquid Polyherbal shampoos pH values are nearer to the skin pH. The shampoos containing higher level of Pomegranate content revealed higher detergency and anti-dandruff effect, Amla as well as Reetha showed significant effect on the foaming capacity and cleaning action and similar to commercial formulations. Higher quantity of Hibiscus concentration shown better conditioning behaviour. The manufactured shampoos were stable, unvarying, thicker and comparable as that of commercially marketed shampoos. Based on the Design expert statistical evaluation of results, liquid shampoo formulations containing 1%-3% w/w of Amla, 6%-10% w/w of Pomegranate, 10%-15% w/w Reetha and 11.25%–15% w/w of Hibiscus Polyherbal shampoos exhibited superior performance compared with marketed formulations. LS6, LS16, LS17 & LS20 preparations were identified as the greatest and optimum formulations based on physico-chemical related properties. The identified Polyherbal shampoos have an excellent cleansing, detergency, anti-dandruff effect, conditioning and foaming ability and is ideal for normal hair and has favourable pH with stable organoleptic features. Selected formulations stability results found satisfactory up to 6 months.
Keywords
Amla, Hibiscus, Pomegranate, Polyherbal Shampoo, Reetha.Full Text
References
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