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Chandrashekhara, S.
- Superdisintegrants:A Recent Investigation and Current Approach
Authors
1 Maratha Mandals College of Pharmacy, Belgaum-590016, Karnataka, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 2, No 1 (2012), Pagination: 19-25Abstract
The desire of improved palatability in orally administered products has prompted the development of numerous formulations with improved performance and acceptability. Orally disintegrating tablets are an emerging trend in novel drug delivery system and have received ever-increasing demand during the last few decades. Superdisintegrants are used to improve the efficacy of solid dosage forms. This is achieved by decreasing the disintegration time which in turn enhances drug dissolution rate. Disintegrants are substances or mixture of substances added the drug formulation that facilitates the breakup or disintegration of tablet or capsule content into smaller particles that dissolve more rapidly than in the absence of disintegrants. In recent years, several newer agents have been developed known as Superdisintegrants. Diverse categories of Superdisintegrants such as synthetic, semi-synthetic, natural and coprocessed blends etc. have been employed to develop effectual mouth dissolving tablets and to overcome the limitations of conventional tablet dosage form. Superdisintegrants are generally used at a low level in the solid dosage form, typically 1- 10 % by weight relative to the total weight of the dosage unit. The present study comprises the various kinds of Superdisintegrants which are being used in the formulation to provide the safer, effective drug delivery with patient's compliance.Keywords
Superdisintegrants, Ion Exchange Resin, Swelling, Wetting.
- Development and Evaluation of Transdermal Drug Delivery System using Natural Polysaccharides
Authors
1 Maratha Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Belgaum-590016, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Maratha Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Belgaum, Karnataka, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 4, No 5 (2012), Pagination: 278-284Abstract
The purpose of this research work was to develop and evaluate matrix-type transdermal drug delivery system containing pioglitazone hydrochloride as model drug, using different combinations and different ratios of natural polysaccharides by solvent casting method. The compatibility study of the drug and the polymers was studied by FT-IR spectroscopy. The results suggested no incompatibility between the drug and the polymers. Eight transdermal patches were formulated by using different combinations of natural polymers in different ratios of (sodium alginate and pectin, and sodium alginate and xanthan gum), and using menthol 5%w/w as permeation enhancer, glycerol 10%w/w as plasticizer and water as a solvent. The prepared transdermal patches were evaluated for thickness, weight uniformity, tensile strength, % moisture absorption, % moisture loss, folding endurance, flatness, drug uniformity and in vitro diffusion study. The diffusion studies were performed by using diffusion cell. The formulation, FP4 (sodium alginate and pectin) and FX8 (sodium alginate and xanthan gum) showed maximum release of 89.65±0.38 and 94.53±0.78 % in 24 hrs. The drug release rate followed diffusion mechanism (Higuchi) with first order release kinetics. The optimized formulation (FP4 and FX8) were further study for in vitro drug release using rat skin. Stability studies were performed for 3 months as per ICH guidelines, and results revealed that formulations were stable.
Keywords
Transdermal Patches, Sodium Alginate, Pectin, Pioglitazone Hydrochloride, Menthol.- An Update on Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System:A Review
Authors
1 Maratha Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Belgaum-590016, Karnataka, IN
2 Maratha Mandals College of Pharmacy, Belgaum-590016, Karnataka, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 4, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 143-152Abstract
In today's era, various advancement has been made in research and development of oral drug delivery system. But there are some difficulties which have to be overcome in the development process. Several physiological difficulties such as the inability to restrain and localize the system within the desired region of gastrointestinal tract and the highly variable nature of the gastric emptying process have to be solved. In this review, we have summarized the general aspects of gastrointestinal tract followed by the need for gastroretentive drug delivery system. Then we have reviewed various approaches used to achieve gastric retention such as bioadhesion, expandable, high density, floating, magnetic systems and the evaluation parameters of gastroretentive dosage form. At the end, the advantages and limitations have been described.Keywords
Gastric Emptying, Gastroretentive, Bioadhesion, Floating, Expandable, High Density, Magnetic.- Enhancement of Bioavailability of Diazepam IP by Using Different Surfactants
Authors
1 Maratha Mandal's College of Pharmacy, Belgaum (Karnataka), IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 3, No 6 (2011), Pagination: 281-284Abstract
Surface active agents are most widely used in Pharma industry and are having multiple roles due to its versatile nature. In the present study, Drug surfactant delivery systems (DSDS) are prepared of the diazepam. Four different surfactants are used for preparing drug surfactant delivery systems at the two different concentrations of each, brij -30 (0.01%, 0.05%), Cetomacragol-1000 (0.01%, 0.05%), Ethoxylated cardanol-C25 (0.01%, 0.05%) and Ethoxylated cardanol-C30 (0.01%, 0.05%).Tablets are prepared with these DSDS. Evaluation tests of the tablets were done like hardness, weight variation, friability, content uniformity, disintegration test, dissolution test and stability studies. Evaluation tests showed that the formulations having drug along with Ethoxylated cardanol-C25 and Ethoxylated cardanol-C30, were found to be the best formulations with more than 90% release data due to higher hydrophilicity and good surface tension lowering ability of the surfactants.Keywords
Drug Surfactant Delivery System, Diazepam, Surfactant.- A Review Superdisintegrants:A Recent Investigation and Current Approach
Authors
1 Maratha Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Belgaum-590016, Karnataka, IN
2 Marath Mandals College of Pharmacy, Belgaum-590016, Karnataka, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 4, No 2 (2012), Pagination: 86-92Abstract
The desire of improved palatability in orally administered products has prompted the development of numerous formulations with improved performance and acceptability. Orally disintegrating tablets are an emerging trend in novel drug delivery system and have received ever-increasing demand during the last few decades. Superdisintegrants are used to improve the efficacy of solid dosage forms. This is achieved by decreasing the disintegration time which in turn enhances drug dissolution rate. Disintegrants are substances or mixture of substances added the drug formulation that facilitates the breakup or disintegration of tablet or capsule content into smaller particles that dissolve more rapidly than in the absence of disintegrants. In recent years, several newer agents have been developed known as Superdisintegrants. Diverse categories of Superdisintegrants such as synthetic, semi-synthetic, natural and co-processed blends etc. have been employed to develop effectual mouth dissolving tablets and to overcome the limitations of conventional tablet dosage form. Superdisintegrants are generally used at a low level in the solid dosage form, typically 1- 10 % by weight relative to the total weight of the dosage unit. The present study comprises the various kinds of Superdisintegrants which are being used in the formulation to provide the safer, effective drug delivery with patient's compliance.Keywords
Superdisintegrants, Ion Exchange Resin, Swelling, Wetting.- Enhancement of Solubility of Trimethoprim IP by Using Different Surfactants
Authors
1 Maratha Mandal's College of Pharmacy, Belgaum (Karnataka), IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 4, No 1 (2012), Pagination: 48-51Abstract
Surface active agents are most widely used in Pharma industry and are having multiple roles due to its versatile nature. In the present study, Drug surfactant delivery systems (DSDS) are prepared of the trimethoprim. Four different surfactants are used for preparing drug surfactant delivery systems at the two different concentrations of each, Brij -30 (0.01%, 0.05%), Cetomacragol-1000 (0.01%, 0.05%), Ethoxylated cardanol-C25 (0.01%, 0.05%) and Ethoxylated cardanol-C30 (0.01%, 0.05%).Tablets are prepared with these DSDS. Evaluation tests of the tablets were done like hardness, weight variation, friability, content uniformity, disintegration test, dissolution test and stability studies.
Evaluation tests showed that the formulations having drug along with Ethoxylated cardanol-C25 and Ethoxylated cardanol-C30, were found to be the best formulations with more than 99%-100% release data due to higher hydrophilicity and good surface tension lowering ability of the surfactants.
Keywords
Drug Surfactant Delivery System, Trimethoprim, Surfactant.- Isolation and Characterization of Antibiotic Production from Soil Isolates by Fermentation
Authors
1 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani, Karnataka, IN
2 KLES’s College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, K.L.E. University, Nehru Nagar, Belgaum, Karnataka, IN
3 KLES’s College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nipani, Karnataka, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 2, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 32-36Abstract
In screening of new antibiotics, several actinomycetes were isolated from soil samples. Crowded plate technique was used for the isolation of actinomycetes. The morphological and cultural characterization of A-4 strain was performed. In medium formulation study for A-4 and A-4 mutant, various carbon and nitrogen sources were tested for maximum antibiotic production using zone of inhibition and packed cell volume (%) as parameters. Various fermentation conditions like pH, temperature and DO2 were also optimized for the maximal production of antibiotic from both A-4 and A-4 mutant. All medium formulation as well as bioprocess parameters for A-4 and A-4 mutant strains was compared. Some actinomycetes strains, showed promising antimicrobial scores against different strains of bacteria and fungi. From the six strains selected, one strain designated as A-4 showed maximum antimicrobial property against gram positive and gram negative strains as well as various fungi. Morphological and cultural studies showed that A-4 is belongs to actinomycete genus.. The strain A-4 and A-4 mutant was found to be having better antimicrobial activity in comparison with other soil isolates of actinomycetes.