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D. K. Sahu , S. Biswas , N. K. Dhal , M. Brahmam

Abstract

Extensive and intensive field surveys have been conducted in different forest pockets of Malkangiri with a view to assess the floristic wealth of the district. A sum total of 381 species belonging to 275 genera and 92 Families were collected, identified and incorporated. Out of these, 373 species represent Angiospermae (304 species of Dicot and 69 species of Monocot families), 7 species of Pteridophytes (7 species of Ferns belonging to 7 genera) and 1 species of Gymnosperms. The ratio of monocot to dicot families, genera and species are 1:4.25, 1:4.13 and 1:4.40 respectively. Present exploration enumerates 235 herbs, 51 shrubs, 69 trees and 26 climbers. Out of total 84 families of angiosperms, the dominant families in ascending order are Fabaceae, Poaceae, Acanthaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Rubiaceae, Lamiaceae, Combretaceae, Cyperaceae, Mimosaceae, Amaranthaceae and Scrophulariaceae. Study highlights the rich floristic diversity of the district.

Keywords

Eastern Ghats, Malkangiri, Flora, Orissa

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S. Biswas

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S. Biswas

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Th. C. Singh ¹, S. Biswas ², S. Dasgupta ², A. Mitra ³, A. K. Panda ⁴, R. K. Nath ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, D. D. M. College, Khowai, Tripura-799 202, IN
2 Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura-799 130, IN
3 Department of Chemistry, N. S. Mahavidyalaya, Udaipur, Tripura-799 120, IN
4 Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, P.O. North Bengal University, District:Darjeeling, West Bengal-734 013, IN

Abstract

Spectral studies on the interaction of capsular polysaccharide (SPS) isolated from Klebsiella serotype K34, with oppositely charged dyes and surfactants have been reported. The SPS was acidic in nature and induced strong metachromacy (∼110 nm blue shift) in the cationic dye pinacyanol chloride (PCYN) which was due to "card-pack stacking" of individual dye monomers on the surface of the polyanions. Reversal of metachromacy offered a qualitative measurement of stability and nature of binding associated with PCYN-SPS complex. Thermodynamic parameters of dye-polymer complex were evaluated. SPS-cationic dye acridine orange (AO) interaction in aqueous solution have been investigated fluorimetrically. Dye incorporation technique was employed to study cationic surfactant-polymer interactions. Interactions between the polyelectrolyte and oppositely charged surfactants lead to the formation of induced premicelles at surfactant concentrations lower than the CMC of the surfactants and the corresponding binding constant was evaluated. Such studies revealed that the surfactant is not exclusively bound electrostatically, but also through hydrophobic interactions.

Keywords

Dye, Surfactant, SPS, Klebsiella, Binding Constant.

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S. Biswas ¹, A. Sonakia ¹, Y. Sitaramaiah ¹

Affiliations
1 Geological Survey of India, Nagpur - 440 006, IN

Abstract

An extinct species of Equidae, Equus namadicus, is known from the Quaternary alluvial sediments of Narmada valley of central India since the nineteenth century. However, the type skull of the species now in the Natural History Museum of London has never been described systematically. One more skull recovered from the Middle Pleistocene deposits of the same area has been identified as that of E.namadicus and is designated here as paratype of the species. It is one of the largest species of Equus and larger than other Indian species of the genus. Study shows that some specimens of Equus from the Lower Pleistocene deposits of the Siwaliks may be assigned to E. namadicus.

Keywords

Equus namadicus, Skull, Quaternary, Narmada.

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S. Biswas ¹, B. R. Sarkar ¹, B. Doloi ¹, B. Bhattacharyya ¹

Affiliations
1 Production Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, IN

Abstract

Manufacturing of the better quality ceramic products with more accuracy and precision is a great challenge in the current industrial field. Electrically non-conducting materials like ceramics, composites, alumina, glass etc can be machined easily using Electrochemical Discharge Machining (ECDM) process. The performance characteristics of ECDM process e.g. material removal rate (MRR), machining depth rate (MDR), radial overcut (ROC) and heat affected zone (HAZ) are influenced by various process parameters such as applied voltage, inter-electrode gap, temperature, concentration of the electrolyte, type of electrolyte, shape, size and material of the electrode and also the nature of the power supply etc. This paper presents the optimization of m-EDMing of Silicon Nitride by utilizing Multi-Objective Optimization by Ratio Analysis (MOORA). Also, a multi choice decision analysis i.e. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied for optimization.

Keywords

μ-ECDM, MRR, MDR, ROC, HAZ, MOORA.

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D. Biswas ¹, S. Biswas ², P. P. Sarkar ², D. Sarkar ², S. Banerjee ¹, A. Pal ¹

Affiliations
1 Academy of Technology, Hoogly – 712121, West Bengal, IN
2 USIC, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia – 741235, West Bengal, IN

Abstract

This paper is based on a comparative study between different watermarking techniques such as LSB hiding algorithm, (2, 2) visual cryptography based watermarking for color images [3,4] and Randomized LSB-MSB hiding algorithm [1]. Here, we embed the secret image in a host or original image, by using these bit-wise pixel manipulation algorithms. This is followed by a comparative study of the resultant images through Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) calculation. The property wise variation of different types of secret images that are embedded into the host image plays an important role in this context. The calculation of the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio is done for different color levels (red, green, blue) and also for their equivalent gray level images. From the results, we are trying to predict which technique is more suitable to which type of secret image.

Keywords

Steganography, Visual Cryptography, Watermarking, LSB Hiding, PSNR.

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A. Nag ¹, S. Biswas ², D. Sarkar ², P. P. Sarkar ²

Affiliations
1 Academy of Technology, Hoogly - 721212, IN
2 USIC, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia – 741 235, West Bengal, IN

Abstract

Image steganography is the art of hiding information into a cover image. This paper presents a novel technique for Image steganography based on Block-DCT, where DCT is used to transform original image (cover image) blocks from spatial domain to frequency domain. Firstly a gray level image of size M × N is divided into no joint 8 × 8 blocks and a two dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform(2-d DCT) is performed on each of the P = MN / 64 blocks. Then Huffman encoding is also performed on the secret messages/images before embedding and each bit of Huffman code of secret message/image is embedded in the frequency domain by altering the least significant bit of each of the DCT coefficients of cover image blocks. The experimental results show that the algorithm has a high capacity and a good invisibility. Moreover PSNR of cover image with stego-image shows the better results in comparison with other existing steganography approaches. Furthermore, satisfactory security is maintained since the secret message/image cannot be extracted without knowing decoding rules and Huffman table.

Keywords

Steganography, Frequency Domain, DCT, Huffman Coding, Information Hiding.

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S. Biswas ¹

Affiliations
1 Engg. Research Centre, Tata Motors Ltd, Pimpri Chinchwad, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Drive train noise is more annoying for passenger. For a V-hull base mine protected 4WD defence-vehicle, metallic noise was observed from drive train. To resolve this kind of NVH problem of complicated vehicle like defence required commending knowledge base and experience or say know-how. The critical constraint of subject vehicle was fixed position of engine or engine mounts and transfer case. This causes higher slope equivalent angle of first drive shaft with respect to the installation standard. Noise issue observed as consequence of aforesaid issue which has impact installation parameters of torsional, inertia and secondary coupling excitation frequencies. In this context, a structured methodology has been followed in present work for finding ischolar_main causes and optimizing the design to come out with optimum solution. Engine mounts have major influence to finalize first drive line slope angle. Hence, re-designing and verification have been done for engine mounts considering its major design parameters and criteria (e.g. shape factors, shore hardness, static deflection and isolation efficiency). At the same time, effects of those changes have been verified theoretically and practically on vehicle. Pass by noise, cabin inside noise, isolation efficiency of front and rear mounts and vehicle floor vibration level were measured. The objective of the exercise is to find out a solution for minimization of drive-train noise.

Keywords

Engine Mounts, Drive Train Noise, Torsional Excitation, Inertia Excitation, Secondary Coupling.

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