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Gupta, Ruchika
- Effect of Shoulder Flexion on Grip Strength Measurement
Authors
1 Physiotherapy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, IN
2 D.A.V Institute of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Jalandhar, Punjab, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy-An International Journal, Vol 7, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 156-160Abstract
Introduction: Grip strength is commonly used to evaluate the integrated performance of muscles by determining maximal grip force that can be produced in one muscular contraction. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of different shoulder positions on grip strength measurement in healthy individuals. Sample: 50 healthy subjects were included (19 males 31 females).Methods: Grip strength in 5 different position of shoulder flexion with elbow extension was measure with the help of Jamar dynamometer.
Data analysis: Repeated measure ANOVA and post hoc analysis was done (α=5%, p=.05).
Results: The mean grip strength in 0° flexion (64.6±2.86 lb/inch2), 45° flexion (63.82±2.92 lb/inch2), 90° flexion (66.86±3.06 lb/inch2), 135° flexion (66.17±3.05 lb/inch2) and 180° flexion (67.82±2.92 lb/ inch2). Repeated measure ANOVA showed significant differences for grip strength in 5 positions (p=.0001). Post hoc comparison by bonferroni showed that there is significant difference between 0° versus 180° (p=.048), 45° versus 90° (p=.0001), 45° versus 180° (p=.0001).
Conclusion: The study concluded that shoulder has an effect on grip strength and maximum grip strength can be obtained in 180° of shoulder flexion with elbow extension
Keywords
Grip Strength, Shoulder Position
References
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- The System Energy Minimization for Weakly Hard Real Time System Using (m,k) Variables
Authors
1 Department of Computer Science, Amity School of Engineering & Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur (RJ), IN
2 Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Rajasthan, IN
Source
Programmable Device Circuits and Systems, Vol 3, No 14 (2011), Pagination: 798-802Abstract
Energy consumption and quality of service (QoS) are the two primary concerns in the development of today’s pervasive computing systems. While most of the current research in energy-aware real-time scheduling has been focused on Hard Real-time Systems, a large number of practical applications and systems exhibit more weakly hard real-time. Weakly Hard Real-time Systems can tolerate some occasional deadline misses. This feature provides a unique opportunity to reduce system’s energy.
Our goal is to minimize the system energy (energy required by frequency dependent and independent component) rather than minimization of processor energy only. We use the term frequency dependent component to refer a processor and frequency independent for memory or peripheral devices. We aim to minimize the system energy for weakly hard real time systems modeled with constraint using a combination of Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) and Dyanamic power down (DPD). The QoS requirements are deterministically quantified with imprecise concept or by (m, k) model, while energy minimization is done in two phases, in the first phase the feasibility and energy reduction at the task level is achieved while further reduction in the energy consumption is accomplished in the improvement (second) phase at the job level. We propose a new portioning strategy to decide a job to be mandatory or optional with speed assignment for each task is done based on the greedy speed assignment technique in phase 1. While in the second phase we adopt the preemption control technique by delaying the higher priority jobs without missing its deadline. Experiments were performed and it was found that our proposed techniques improve significantly in terms of both the energy minimization as well as QoS over the existing one and over wide range of parameter including variation of m & k.