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Rohit Sharma ¹, Praful Narang ², Amit Kumar Sharma ³, Gaurav Mishra ⁴, Vijay Agrawal ⁵, Shweta Jain ⁶

Affiliations
1 Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, IN
2 Department of Prosthodontics, NIMS Dental College, IN
3 Department of Oral Surgery, Jaipur Dental College, IN
4 Department of Community Dentistry, IN
5 Department of Orthodontics, IN
6 Department of Conservative Dentistry, NIMS Dental College, IN

Abstract

Objectives: The study was conducted to assess the prevalence of leukoplakia among patients of age 15 years and above visiting Dental College in rural area of Jaipur, Rajasthan.

Material&Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted to access the prevalence of leukoplakia among 6800 out patients at NIMS Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Subjects were interviewed using a structured proforma. The clinical diagnosis of leukoplakia was made when patient showed documented clinical features of leukoplakia. The statistical analysis was done with SPSS software version 11.5.

Results: The prevalence of leukoplakia in the study population was 145 (2.13%). Majority of subjects were males 130 (89.65%). The prevalence of leukoplakia was highest in 45-54 years of age group 71 (1.04%).

Conclusion: Prevalence of leukoplakia was 2.13% and was high amongst older age group. Gender comparison showed higher male dominance and majority of subjects were bidi smokers.

Keywords

Prevalence, Leukoplakia, Smoking, Tobacco

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Rohit Sharma ¹, Ashish V. Polkade ¹, Yogesh S. Shouche ¹

Affiliations
1 Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, IN

Abstract

Species is the basic unit of identification of a large diversity of organisms. The concept of species is old and has undergone several changes depending on the kind of organism(s). Earlier concepts were formulated considering mostly macroorganisms (plants or animals). In 21st century the microbial species concept took shape which changed from morphological, ecological, biological and phylogenetic to more agreeable polyphasic species concept. Polyphasic species concept involves a combination of characters such as morphology, physiology, biochemical markers and sequencing of various regions of the DNA known as molecular markers. There are also specific criteria such as DNA-DNA hybridization for complex genera of Bacteria and Archaea, extrolite profiling for complex genera of fungi, etc. Although species concept and taxonomy of Bacteria are more systematic than fungi, taxonomy in two domains (bacteria, archaea) and fungi of eukarya domain is undergoing changes. The time is not far when genome sequencing will be considered as another criterion for delineating species. This article also discusses the role of various techniques (MALDI, FAME, etc.) in species identification. The concept of Candidatus species and species annotation for metagenomic studies is also discussed. We briefly describe the criteria used to delineate species in various microbes and the need for different species concepts based on the kind of organism.

Keywords

Archaea, Bacteria, Fungi, Species Concept, Taxonomy and Systematics.

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Vikas Sharma ¹, Deepak Kumar ¹, Rajesh Kumar ¹, Saurabh Gupta ¹, Rohit Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Regional Agricultural Research Station (SKUAST-J) Rajouri, JAMMU (J&K), IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

Keywords

Natural Resource Management, Conservation, Nutitional Security, Hill Agriculture.

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Amlan Basu ¹, Sumit Mohanty ¹, Rohit Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, ITM University, Gwalior - 474001, Madhya Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Since the heating furnace system has emanated it has faced the problem of high power consumption, colossal amount of time to heat the substances and the vulnerability of getting exploded thus the objective of the paper is to achieve a system for same with less power consumption, whit time to heat the substances and making it safe from explosion. Using the mathematical way of modeling the dynamic critical systems the heating furnace is being modeled by using the damping, spring and mass elements. The integer order model of the system is being achieved by the Laplace transform and fractional order model for the same is obtained using the Grunwald-Letnikov formula. The Cohen-Coon tuning technique is being amalgamated with the Nelder-Mead, Interior-Point, Active-Set and Sequential Quadratic Programming optimization techniques respectively so as to design the FOPID controller for heating furnace. When the feedback systems were being formed then the outputs demonstrated that the system now consists the properties of less power consumption, less time to heat the substances along with less overshoot. Earlier the integer order model had the settling time (time taken to heat the substance), steady state error (power consumption) and overshoot (explosion) of 1500 seconds, 50% and 0% respectively. When the PID controller was designed for the same using Cohen-Coon tuning technique and forming a feedback system it had setting time of around 800 sec. and also the steady state error was brought to 0% but the overshoot went up to 35%. Therefore FOPID controller is being designed using the concocted technique that is the amalgamation of tuning technique and optimization techniques and forming and feedback system with FOM of heating furnace, the system yielded steady state error as 0%, where the settling time have been reduced to 300 seconds and overshoot between 7%-12%. Using the concocted technique that is the amalgamation of Cohen-Coon tuning technique with the optimization tuning techniques the FOPID controller was being formed for the FOM of the heating furnace which is being kept in feedback so as to form a system. Thus systems formed ameliorated the settling time i.e. time taken to heat the substance, the overshoot i.e. the vulnerability of getting exploded also remains low and the steady state error i.e. power consumption is also reduced drastically.

Keywords

FOPID Controller, Heating Furnace, Optimization Techniques, Overshoot, Settling Time, Steady State Error.

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Amit Kumar ¹, Som Prakash Tyagi ¹, Priyanka Thakur ¹, Rohit Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Surgery and Radiology, Dr. G C Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur -176062, HP, IN

Abstract

This report pertains to a successful surgical removal of a sewing needle that was ingested by an eight years old buffalo. The animal was not able to ingest anything after the needle ingested. The radiographic examination on lateral and dorsal-ventral views revealed the presence of the needle in the sub mandibular area. After preparing the animal for operation, the genioglossus muscle was incised. The foreign body was reached which was too sharp and move along with movement of tongue. A flat instrument was put in the oral cavity to stabilise the tongue. The foreign body was then removed with help of long artery foreceps. Antiseptic dressing with ointment Neosporin and topicure spray locally was advised till the complete healing of the wound. Retrieval of the needle seems easy but it was still difficult as it was embedded in genioglossus muscle and was moving along with the movement of tongue.

Keywords

Buffalo, Foreign Body, Radiographic Examination, Genioglossus Muscle, Surgical Retrieval.

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Rohit Sharma ¹, Sumit Mohanty ¹, Amlan Basu ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, ITM University, Gwalior – 474001, Madhya Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Objectives: To design digital PID controller by using CHR-I and CHR-II tuning techniques, as it helps in finding out the tuning parameters of controllers for a specific system. Transformation of analog to digital PID controller using various transformation techniques like first order hold method, impulse-invariant mapping, Tustin approximation and zero-pole mapping equivalents and also the mathematical modeling of blood glucose level, such that a system injects the exact amount of insulin into the body of diabetic patient to maintain his/her glucose level to the normal range. Method/Statistical Analysis: The differential equation of the blood glucose level is formulated and then it is converted to three-dimensional Laplace equation using forward Laplace transform. Using the Laplace transform the differential equation of the blood glucose is converted into a s-domain equation. Then, using the s-domain equation as the equation of the system and the Tuning techniques, CHR-I and CHR-II, the tuning parameters (Kp, Ki and Kd) are acquired. Then, it is converted into digital, i.e. in z-domain, by applying disparate transformation techniques. Findings: On analyzing the acquired equation, it is depicted that on tuning the controller with CHR-I tuning technique the system exhibits zero overshoot which is most reliable and efficient for diabetic patient. Also, a considerable settling time of 6.3362 seconds is also achieved. Application/Improvement: Therefore, a system that can inject the exact amount of insulin into the patient's blood and bring the blood glucose level to the normal range, by automatically calculating the amount of insulin required, from the available status of blood glucose level, is being achieved.

Keywords

Blood Glucose, Diabetes, Diabetic Patients, Digital PID Controller Tuning Techniques.

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Rohit Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 PG-Department of Political Science, Arya College, Ludhiana, Punjab, IN

Abstract

In the recent times, the government initiated various programmes to change the trajectory of development model and make it more inclusive and pro- poor oriented. The programmes like, mid-day meal, National Rural Health Mission , Bharat Nirman and Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) were initiated in order to ensure that growth is evenly distributed and tried to revive the rural economy which was neglected by liberalisation policies. In this context the present paper is an attempt to locate and contextualise NREGA, within a rights discourse to have an analytical understanding.

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Rohit Sharma ¹, Khursheed Alam Khan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Horticulture (RVSAU), Mandsaur (M.P.), IN

Abstract

High hydrostatic pressure processing (HHPP or HPP or HHP or Pascalization) is a non-thermal food preservation and processing technology that can inactivate food borne pathogens, spoilage micro-organisms and unfavourable enzymes without significantly altering organoleptic properties and nutritional value of foods. The pressure transmission is uniform and quasi-instantaneous during HHP regardless of the size and geometry of food, rendering the technology more effective and energy efficient. HPP utilizes intense pressure (about 400-600 MPa or 58,000-87,000 psi) at chilled or mild process temperatures (<45°C). Pressure treatment can be used to process both liquid and high-moisture-content solid foods. Although lethal to microorganisms, pressure treatment does not break covalent bonds and has a minimal effect on food chemistry. Thus, HPP provides a means for retaining food quality while avoiding the need for excessive thermal treatments or chemical preservatives. In addition to lengthening the shelf-life of food products, HHP can modify functional properties of components such as proteins, which in turn can lead to the development of new products. In light of these reasons, the use of HHP for processing food has resurged with the industry’s renewed interest in its application. Within the last decade, a number of companies have introduced commercial grade high pressure systems thus providing food processors an opportunity to preserve foods and offering a process of choice for applications where alternative processing methods would adversely impact product quality.

Keywords

Food Preservation, Microbial Inactivation, New Technologies, Non-Thermal Processes.

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