Informatics Publishing Limited

Parag Jain ¹, Anand Surana ¹, Ravindra Pandey ¹, Shiv Shankar Shukla

Affiliations
1 Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, IN

Abstract

Epilepsy a neurological cramp is a diverse set of neurological disorders characterized by seizures, which results from abnormal, excessive hyper synchronous neuronal activity. Nearly 50 million people have epilepsy worldwide and its 90% probability occurs in developing countries. Epilepsy syndromes are not lifelong some forms are confined to particular stages of childhood. The clinical manifestation consists of a sudden and transitory abnormal phenomenon which may include alterations of consciousness, motor, sensory, autonomic or psychic events, perceived by the patient or an observer. Thus, epileptic seizures are a sign of cerebral dysfunction. Over the last decades, there has been considerable progress in the pharmacotherapy of epilepsy, including the introduction of several new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and improved formulations of older drugs and newer technologies of diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Searches for epileptic mechanisms are based upon clinical approaches, and the need to know where the epileptic foci are localized. Such localization depends on both EEG and medical imageries. The latter are based upon various mechanisms, and the uptake of glucose analogs represents one of them. In future better understanding of basic mechanisms which leading to epilepsy, thus allowing to create therapies aimed at the prevention of epilepsy in patients at risk; improved understanding of pharmacoresistance mechanism, allowing to develop drugs for reversal or prevention of resistance; and development of diseasemodifying therapies, inhibiting the progression of epilepsy.

Keywords

Neuronal Activity, Epileptogenesis, Seizures, Ionic Pump, Neurotransmitters

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Ravindra Pandey ¹, Swarnlata Saraf ¹, S. Saraf ¹

Affiliations
1 University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, IN

Abstract

A new, simple, sensitive, selective, precise and robust high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method developed and validated for the determination of Cinnamaldehyde in Indian traditional formulation (sitopaladi churna) and crude drug extracts. Analysis was performed on TLC aluminium plates pre-coated with silica gel 60F-254 as the stationary phase. Linear ascending development was carried out in twin trough glass chamber saturated with mobile phase consisting of Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Methanol (8:1:1) at room temperature (25±2°C). Camag TLC scanner III was used for spectrdensitometric scanning and analysis in absorbance mode at 295 nm. The system was found to give compact spots for Cinnamaldehyde (Rf value of 0.55±0.02). The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed good linear relationship (r² = 0.996±0.0003) in the concentration range 200-1200 ng spot−1 with respect to peak area. According to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, the method was validated for precision, recovery, robustness and ruggedness. The limits of detection and quantification were determined. The Cinnamaldehde content was quantified and estimated from the formulation and the cinnamomum zeylanicum plant part. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the method is reproducible and selective for the quantitatve determination of Cinnamaldehyde.

Keywords

Cinnamaldehyde, High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, Indian Traditional Formulation, Quantitative Analysis.

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Neeta Pande ¹, Ravindra Pandey ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, Department of Higher Education, Uttarakhand, IN
2 Department of Geography, Kumaun University, Nainital , Uttarakhand, IN

Abstract

Nainital township (29° 24' N, 79° 28' E), a popular hill resort of Kumaun Himalaya, is developed around a 1.4 km long and 0.45 to 0.25 km wide lake extending in NW-SE direction and having a maximum depth of about 27m. The lake is situated at an elevation of 1935 m at the prominent Nainia Peak towards north of the lake. Around a billion people live in informal settlements. Urban poverty in India is over 25 percent; some 81 million people live in urban areas on incomes that are below the poverty line. The nature of urban poverty poses distinct challenges for housing, water, sanitation, health, education. Interestingly, while the slum population is increasing, the number of slums has decreased – resulting in greater density. In most of the cases slum dwellers do not have access to clean water, sanitation and health care facilities. They face a constant threat of eviction, removal, confiscation of goods and have virtually no social security cover.  The present paper is an attempt to address the issues related to urban poverty in Nainital – a hill town of historical legacy of British Empire.

Keywords

Socio-Economic Profile, Demographic Profile, Floating Population, Storm Water Drainage, SWM.

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