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Singh, Rambir

Adoption of Vermi-Composting Technology in Demo Village, Shyampur, Dehradun

Initial Growth Performance of Melia composita Willd and Emblica officinalis Gaertn Based Agri-Silvi-Medicinal Agroforestry in Degraded Lands

Abstract Views :189 | PDF Views:0

Authors

Rambir Singh ¹, Charan Singh ¹, Ajay Gulati ¹

Affiliations
1 Extension Division, Forest Research Institute, P.O.- New Forest, Dehradun (Uttarakhand), IN

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 142, No 3 (2016), Pagination: 277-282

Abstract

An experiment was conducted on agri-silvi-medicinal agroforestry in degraded lands at Naukragrant, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) and Handesra, Mohali (Punjab) during 2011-13. Six months aged seedlings of Melia composita and Emblica officinalis were planted at 6 x 4 m spacing and medicinal plants namely Rauvolfia serpentina and Withania somnifera were cultivated at 60 x 60 cm spacing as an intercrop along with seasonal agriculture crops like masoor and groundnut.

Soil pH organic carbon and available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and height and collar diameter of Melia composita and Emblica officinalis were observed. Initially, soil was slightly alkaline with pH values (8.20 and 8.18) at sites Naukragrant and Handesra respectively. The average soil pH was found neutral (7.18) at site Naukragrant and slightly alkaline (8.01) value showed at site Handesra after one year of plantation. The organic carbon, available nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) values indicates increases at both sites and highest values found at site Naukragrant as compared to site Handesra.

The growth parameter both of height and collar diameter of Melia composita and Emblica officinalis showed increase along with cultivation of agriculture crops and medicinal plants at both sites. The maximum increase in height (47.33 cm) and collar diameter (3.89 cm) of Melia composita with agriculture crops was observed at site Naukragrant in comparison of height and collar diameter in control plot. Similarly the maximum increase in height (29.67 cm) of Emblica officinalis with Sarpgandha at site Handesra and collar diameter (1.78 cm) of Emblica officinalis with Ashwagandha was observed at site Naukragrant with regard to height and collar diameter in control plot. The minimum increase in height (1.11 cm) of Emblica officinalis with agriculture crops at site Naukragrant and (1.89 cm) of Melia composita with agriculture crops at site Handesra with regard to control height was also observed. It may be due to closer competition in nutrients uptake by agricultural crops in comparison to control.

Keywords

Melia composita, Emblica officinalis Medicinal Plants, Sustainability, Integrated, Agri-Silvi-Medicinal Agroforestry.

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Current Status of Poplar Based Agroforestry for Economic Development:A Case Study of Haridwar and Yamunanagar Districts

Abstract Views :207 | PDF Views:0

Authors

Rambir Singh ¹, Charan Singh ¹, Ajay Gulati ¹, Sandeep Kujur ¹

Affiliations
1 Extension Division, Forest Research Institute, P.O. New Forest, Dehradun (Uttarakhand), IN

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 142, No 5 (2016), Pagination: 487-492

Abstract

The study is the outcome of current status and economic evaluation of Poplar based agroforestry practices followed by farmers in Haridwar and Yamunanagar. Tree species like Populus deltoides, Eucalyptus spp., Mangifera indica and Dalbergia sissoo, were dominant species of commercial agroforestry. The patterns of planting were block (53.74%) and (88.47%) followed by boundary plantation (46.26%) and (11.53%) in Haridwar and Yamunanagar districts respectively. Composition of different species was poplar (77.12% and 90.64%) followed by eucalyptus (18.26% and 7.92%), mango (3.36% and 0.72%) and others (1.26% and 0.72%) in Haridwar and Yamunanagar districts. The net return from block system (Rs.1,96,950) ha^-1 annum^-1 was found higher than the bund system (Rs.1,02,249) ha^-1 annum^-1 in agri-silviculture system. The net return from tree produce (Rs.1,48,067) ha^-1 annum^-1 in block system was higher than the bund system of (Rs.48,883) ha^-1 annum^-1 respectively. In commercial region, B:C ratio was found higher for poplar based agrisilviculture block planting (3.85) than Poplar based agri-silviculture bund system (2.22). Comparatively as per net returns and B:C ratio the block systems were found more economic to bund systems. Therefore, commercial agroforestry seems better promising as compared to traditional agroforestry, and also relevant to the farmer's livelihood.

Keywords

Agroforestry, Block and Boundary Plantation, Economic Analysis.

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References

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Dose‑Dependent Effect of Deltamethrin in Testis, Liver, and Kidney of Wistar Rats

Abstract Views :188 | PDF Views:0

Authors

Poonam Sharma , Rambir Singh , Mysra Jan

Source

Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 21, No 2 (2014), Pagination: 131-139

Abstract

Objectives: Deltamethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used worldwide in agriculture, household pest control, protection of foodstuff, and disease vector control. Although initially thought to be least toxic, a number of recent reports showed its toxic effects in mammalian and non‑mammalian animal species. The current study was performed to assess the dose‑dependent deltamethrin toxicity on testes, liver, and kidney of male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty‑four rats were divided in four groups of 6 each. Group A served as normal control. Group B, C, and D were administered with different doses (2 or 3 or 6 mg/kg corresponding to 1/30th or 1/20th or 1/10th of LD50, respectively) of deltamethrin for 28 days. Results: Deltamethrin exposure caused a significant reduction in weight of reproductive organs, decrease in sperm count, sperm motility, serum testosterone (T), follicle stimulating hormones (FSH), and luteinizing hormones (LH) in testis. Glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were decreased in testis, liver and kidney of exposed rats. Deltamethrin exposure significantly increased sperm abnormalities in testis. Significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) level was observed in testis, liver and kidney. Deltamethrin also caused histological alterations in testes, liver, and kidney. Conclusions: The results indicated that deltamethrin at a dose of 6 mg/kg exerts significant harmful effects on testes, liver and kidney as compare to 2 mg and 3 mg/kg. The study concluded that the system toxicity induced by deltamethrin was dose dependent.

Keywords

Deltamethrin, kidney, liver, oxidative stress, testes, Wistar rats

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Efficacy of Trans-2-Hydroxycinnamic Acid Against Trichlorfon-Induced Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats

Abstract Views :156 | PDF Views:0

Authors

Poonam Sharma , Rambir Singh

Source

Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 19, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 295-300

Abstract

Trichlorfon is an organophosphate insecticide used to control cockroaches, crickets, silverfish, bedbugs, fleas, cattle grubs, flies, ticks, leaf miners, and leaf-hoppers. It is also used to treat domestic animals for control of internal parasites. Trans-2-hydroxycinnamic acid (T2HCA) is a hydroxyl derivative of cinnamic acid. The present study highlights trichlorofon-induced toxicity and the protective role of T2HCA in the liver, kidney, and brain of female Wistar rats. The rats were given a single dose of trichlorofon (150 mg / kg bw) and pre- and post-treatment T2HCA (50 mg / kg bw) for seven days. Trichlorofon enhanced oxidative stress in liver, kidney, and brain of the rats, which was evident from the elevation of lipid peroxidation (LPO). The reduced level of non-enzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH) also indicated the presence of an oxidative insult. The activity of enzymatic antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was significantly decreased on trichlorfon administration. Pre and post treatment with T2HCA decreased the LPO level and increased SOD, CAT, GST, GR, GPx, and GSH in the brain, liver, and kidney. Trichlorfon-induced reduction in acelylcholinestrase was also ameliorated with T2HCA treatment. In conclusion, trichlorfon-mediated induction in the reactive oxygen species and disturbance in the antioxidant enzymes’ defense system was moderately ameliorated by antioxidant trans-2-hydroxycinnamic acid.

Keywords

Oxidative stress, trans-2-hydroxycinnamic acid, trichlorfon, Wistar rats

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Hepatoprotective Effect of Curcumin on Lindane-induced Oxidative Stress in Male Wistar Rats

Abstract Views :141 | PDF Views:0

Authors

Rambir Singh ¹, Poonam Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Zoology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Source

Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 18, No 2 (2011), Pagination: 124-129

Abstract

Lindane, an organochlorine pesticide, is recognized as a major public health concern because of its potential toxic effects on human health. Its persistence in the body fluids may lead to continuous blood circulation, liver exposure and hepatotoxicity. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible protective role of curcumin on lindane-induced hepatotoxicity. Forty-two healthy adult male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups of six rats each. Group I was given dimethylsulfoxide. A single dose of lindane (60 mg/kg bw) was given to group II. Lindane (30 mg/kg bw) was given daily to group III for 14 days. Treatment with curcumin (100 and 200 mg/kg) was given to groups IV and V before (pretreatment) and to groups VI and VII after (post-treatment) 14 days exposure of lindane. Oxidative stress parameters and antioxidative enzymes were investigated in the liver of exposed and treated rats. A significant increase in lipid peroxidation, and decrease in glutathione level, Superoxide dismutase catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and NADPH quinine reductase activities was observed in liver of rats exposed to lindane. Curcumin (Pre- and post-treatment) nearly normalized all these parameters. Histological alterations were also observed in the liver tissue after lindane exposure. Treatment with curcumin significantly prevented the lindane-induced histological alterations. In conclusion, curcumin has protective effect over lindane-induced oxidative damage in rat liver.

Keywords

Curcumin, hepatotoxicity, lindane, Wistar rat

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Aluminium and Neuro-degeneration: Mechanism of Pathogenesis and Possible Strategies for Mitigation

Abstract Views :436 | PDF Views:161

Authors

Vikas Pankaj Bhargava ¹, Aashish Kumar Netam ¹, Rambir Singh ², Poonam Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak – 484887, Madhya Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi – 284128, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Source

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care, Vol 13, No 1 (2021), Pagination: 101-114

Abstract

One of the most abundant metal in our environment is aluminium (Al). Occupational exposure of humans to Al takes place during its extractions, processing and fabrications of articles of daily use. Al in drinking water and as well as its use in packaging & storage of food is also a potential source of exposure. Acute exposure of higher concentration or chronic exposure of low concentration of Al leads to its aggregation in various parts of the body, resulting in system toxicity. Brain is highly susceptible to Al accumulation toxicity. In humans, exposure of Al is a risk factor for the starting of Alzheimer Disease. The adverse effect of Al exposure on nervous system results in memory loss, balance problems and impairment of coordination. High level of Al in brain increases lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress and reduces antioxidant enzymes level. It also causes aggregation of amyloid beta proteins and formation of Neurofibrillary Tangles (NFTs) of tau proteins which finally leads to death of neuronal cell and neurotoxicity. Metabolism and excretion of heavy metals including Al is very difficult and its leads to accumulation. The chelation therapy has been proposed where the organic molecules like EDTA, Chlorogenic acid and GSH binds with the heavy metals and facilitates for their excretion from body. However, non-specific binding of these chelators is another major safety concern. Medicinal plants and their phytochemicals with multiple mechanism of action have been proposed as a very good alternative for ameliorating heavy metal induced toxicity. In addition to mild chelating activities, the phytochemicals have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytokine modulatory and other specific actions for proving holistic neuro-protection on heavy metal exposure.

Keywords

Aluminium, Beta-amyloid, Chelation, Medicinal Plants, Neurodegeneration, Tau protein, ROS

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Cassia tora Mitigates Aluminium Chloride Induced Alterations in Pro-inflammatory Cytokines, Neurotransmitters, and Beta-amyloid and Tau Protein Markers in Wistar Rats

Abstract Views :67 | PDF Views:0

Authors

Vikas Pankaj Bhargava ¹, Aashish Kumar Netam ², Rambir Singh ³, Poonam Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak - 484887, Madhya Pradesh, India; pnm245@yahoo.com, IN
2 Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak - 484887, Madhya Pradesh, IN
3 Department of Horticulture, Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Mizoram University, Aizawl - 796004, Mizoram, IN

Source

Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 30, No 1 (2023), Pagination: 63-81

Abstract

Background and Aim: Exposure to Aluminium (Al) has been reported to cause neurotoxicity in laboratory animals. Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque formation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, and neuroinflammation have been indicated as the possible mechanism of Al-induced neurodegeneration. The present study aimed to understand the mechanism of aluminium chloride (AlCl3)-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats and to assess the neuroprotective effect of methanolic extract of Cassia tora leaves (MECT). Material and Methods: Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into nine groups. AlCl3 (100 mg/kg bw) and MECT (300 mg/kg bw) were given orally by gavage and memantine (MEM) was administered intraperitoneally (20 mg/kg bw) to rats, daily for 60 days. The spatial learning memory and recognition memory were evaluated using the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. The levels of oxidative stress, neurotransmitter markers, pro-inflammatory markers, Aβ proteins plaques formation and tau protein hyperphosphorylation were evaluated. Histopathology of brain tissue was performed to assess the extent of tissue damage on AlCl3 exposure. Results: MECT significantly improved cognitive behaviours in AlCl3-exposed rats during the MWM test. Treatment with MECT resulted in a significant recovery of antioxidant enzyme function, the activity of neurotransmitter markers and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. MECT prevented the aggregation of Aβ proteins and tau protein phosphorylation. Also, it inhibited the loss of neuronal integrity in the cortex and hippocampus regions of the brain in AlCl3-exposed rats. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that a methanolic extract of Cassia tora leaves ameliorated AlCl3-induced neurodegeneration in Wistar rats.

Keywords

Aluminium Chloride, Beta-amyloid, Cassia tora, Neurotoxicity, Tau Protein.

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