Informatics Publishing Limited

M. N. Jha , M. K. Gupta , Rajiv Pandey

Abstract

A study on soil water retention pattern under Chir (Pinus roxburghii), Khair (Acacia catechu), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus hybrid) plantation and barren land was conducted in Mussoorie Forest Division (UK). Multivariate test showed that the mean soil retention changes across the different soil depth. The maximum amount of water was retained by the soils under Khair (356.90 to 879.40 k lit/ha) followed by Chir (286.73 to 913.13 k lit/ha), Eucalyptus (212.50 to 932.50 k lit/ha) and the least under barren land (116.27 to 824.03 k lit/ ha) during the different months of the year. Good amount of water can be retained by the soils under plantation even in the drier months of April (255.20 to 393.27 k lit/ha) to June (21.50 to 356.90 k lit/ha) as compared to barren land (116.27 to 221.0 k lit/ha). Even in the driest month of May, surface layer can hold 148.89 % and over all entire profile by 217.73 % more water under plantations as compared to barren land. In drier months, lower layers had higher retention as compared to upper layers. From July to September, soil profile retained maximum water because entire profile gets recharged due to rainfall.

Keywords

Soil-water Interaction, Tree Plantations, Mussoorie Forest Division, Uttarakhand

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Delgerjargal Dugarjav , Rajiv Pandey

Abstract

Models for volume estimation for Eucalyptus plantation have been developed for NEPA farm, Uttrakhand. The model validation was ranked on the basis of different criteria, namely, adj. R², bias, variance, ischolar_main mean square error and coefficient of dispersion. Finally, on the basis of ranking, the models V = - 0.00066 + 0.00003 D²H and V = - 0.05457 + 0.00076 DH were recommended.

Keywords

Eucalytpus, Volume Estimation, Modelling, Validation

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Rajiv Pandey

Abstract

The life of Jaunsaris, a tribal community of Jaunsar Bawar of Dehra Dun District, depends mainly on farming and forest resources. Farming in Jaunsar is of subsistence nature and heavily depending on rains. Therefore utilization of forest resources is the key for survival of the people of Jaunsar. This study provides details about the use of forest resources ranging from wild edible food to the non food items by these hilly tribal. Data was collected based on a pre tested questionnaire containing arrays of forest resources being utilized by them from 302 randomly selected households distributed in 34 villages of the region. This paper discusses about the use of forest resource and its contribution for the survival of the community. It classified forest resources based on characteristics of use by the Jaunsaries as consumption goods, durable goods, agricultural inputs, inputs for other production and asset formation. The proportion of households using forest resources has also been explored under different categories. Study clearly showed the dependency of this community on the forest, utilizing its resources for different requirements. Depletion of the forest is very critical for the survival of Jaunsaris. Therefore, policy makers must consider those policy instruments, which should conserve the forest besides providing the alternate solutions for these resources.

Keywords

Jaunsar-Bawar, Uttarakhand, Forest Resources, Forest Utilization, Tribals, Forest-dependent
Community

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Vishwesh Kumar , Rajiv Pandey

Abstract

The result showed poor quality of life of the people of the Jaunsar region. The average size of livestock in terms of adult cattle units was 9.6 units. The estimated quantity of fodder was 35 kg per day per household with the average distance traveled was 1.54 km per day and spent time was 2.54 hours. The various parameters in particular family structure, assets, capital issues were correlated with willingness to pay for various categories of availability of fodder.

Keywords

Livestock Population, Forest Feed, Jaunsar Bawar, Livestock Management,
Uttarakhand

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M. N. Jha , M. K. Gupta , Rajiv Pandey

Abstract

Soil samples were collected from Langha Forest of Mussoorie Forest Division, Uttaranchal, India under five different plantations (Dalbergia sissoo, Pinus roxburghii, Eucalyptus hybrid, Tectona grandis and Acacia catechu) to classify them for species suitability for afforestation. The four discriminate functions together with functions of plantations were given. This analysis identified potential discriminators as Available N, Organic matter, Available K and Total K for discrimination of plantations.

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Lalji Prasad , Rajiv Pandey , Israr A. Ansari , Subhash Chandra

Abstract

The cyclic pattern in the population dynamics of defoliators D. eridantis and P. reflexa of Dalbergia sissoo is governed by delayed density-dependent factors and its growth rate. However , environmental variable particularly humidity and temperature are also influencing the population , since theses are directly affecting the parasitism phenomenon.

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Mukhtar Ahmad , Ramakant Mishra , M. D. Jamal Ahmad , Rajiv Pandey

Abstract

Defoliating capability of poplar defoliator, Clostera cupreata was studied by exposing measured leaf to different larval instars. Females were found to defoliate more as 0.99, 8.82, 12.65,22.13, and 103.88 cm² ofleafwas consumed by a larva from first to fifth ins tar respectively, whereas a male larva was able to feed 0.96, 5.99, 7.67, 19.30 and 48.63 cm² of poplar foliage from first to fifth instar respectively. Relationship between food consumption and growth rate of larva was established using various parameters including growth rate, relative growth rate, consumption rate, consumption index, and efficiency of conversion of ingested food.

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Laxmi Chauhan , Sangeeta Gupta , R. C. Madhwal , Rajiv Pandey

Abstract

The results of a study on the effect of spacing on wood specific gravity, selected wood anatomical parameters and tree growth in two 9-10 year old plantations of 3 clones of Populus deltoides are reported. Significant effect of spacing was observed on specific gravity, fibre length, fibre diameter, vessel diameter, tree height and girth. While specific gravity shows an increase at wide spacing, fibre length has been found to decrease in the two plantations.

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Rajiv Pandey , S. P. Dhall

Abstract

By application of Jackknifing technique, a tool for bias reduction, an equation Ln V = • 2.8554 + 1.4265 Ln dh, where V, dh are volume, dbh and height respectively is obtained for volume prediction of Poplar tree.

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Laxmi Chauhan , Sangeeta Gupta , R. C. Madhwal , Rajiv Pandey , Mohinder Pal

Abstract

Variation in specific gravity and wood parameters was studied in 10 year old trees of 18 clones of Populus deltoides with promising growth rate. The sample discs were taken out at different heights viz. breast height, 25%, 50% and 75% of merchantable tree height. To study radial variation, each annual ring was sampled. Significant interclonal differences were observed in anatomical parameters and specific gravity while trees, within clones showed no significant effect. The specific gravity was found to be positively correlated with age, fibre length and vessel frequency and negatively related with fibre diameter and lumen diameter. A negative correlation was also observed between specific gravity and ring width. Within a tree, height and position of annual ring from pith had significant effect on fibre length, lumen diameter, vessel frequency and specific gravity. The specific gravity reaches maximum at 50% of tree height and fibre length at 25% of tree height showing decreasing trend upwards. At breast height fibre length and specific gravity increases rapidly pith outwards upto 6th year followed by a slower rate of increase upto 8th year with a tendency to level off from 8th year. Breast height values of specific gravity and fibre length have been found to be highly correlated with whole tree values for these two parameters. For the prediction of whole tree values from breast height values, regression models and multiplication factors have been derived for fibre length and specific gravity.

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S. N. Khan , Kamla Uniyal , Rajiv Pandey

Abstract

Results of a nursery experiment are presented on the impact of AM and Rhizobium inoculations alone and in combination with different doses of fertilizers for all the growth parameters including shoot height, collar diameter, ischolar_main and shoot weight and total biomass. Maximum value for all the parameters was recorded when full dose of fertilizer (NPK) was applied and an equally significant response was recorded with AM inoculations.

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Rajiv Pandey , S. P. Dhall , R. Malhotra

Abstract

A new modified error index is proposed , which can be used together with adj R² as a tool for the selection and assessment of model.

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Kamla Uniyal , Ajab Singh , Rajiv Pandey

Abstract

Survey for forest diseases revealed 70-100 per cent infection in two China clones and one Korean clone of Poplar. Phyllosticta adjuncta was recorded causing leaf blight and premature leaf fall in nursery. Dithane M-45 and Radomil were found effective to control the disease in nursery.

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Rakesh Kumar , Rajiv Pandey , Mohinder Pal

Abstract

A study was conducted with non-linear regression model in Bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus) seedlings to estimate the fresh weight of rhizome on the basis of fresh weight ofleaves. The non-linear analysis reflected that fresh weight of rhizome and leaves are not linearly related. One more important point emerges that only fresh weight of leaves is not responsible for fresh weight of rhizome.

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Rakesh Kumar , Rajiv Pandey , Mohinder Pal

Abstract

Descriptive statistics of different biomass and growth parameters of Dendrocalamus strictus seedlings were reported. The relative contributions of different parts of seedlings to total weight in fresh and dry conditions were also given. It was observed that the contribution of culms was maximum followed by rhizome for both the conditions. An estimate of every parameter is also worked out for different number of culms present in a clump. Similar trend was observed for the seedlings having 3 and 4 number of culms per clump for most of the parameters.

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M. N. Jha , M. K. Gupta , Rajiv Pandey

Abstract

Factor analysis of soil nutrient distribution pattern under Chir, Teak, Eucalyptus, Shish am and Khair, in Mussoorie Forest Division (U.P.) was studied. It was done to identify underlying factors that are responsible for correlation among nutrients under five plantations. Eigen values for the first four factors were > 0.90 and combined accounted for 77 percent of total variation in the soil supporting the five plantations. The four factor model explained > 90 percent of the variance in total phosphorus; 85 percent of the variance in organic matter and available nitrogen; and > 70 percent of the variance in total nitrogen, total potassium, and total sodium, available potassium and available phosphorus. However the four factor model explained only 62 percent of the variance in available potassium and 66 percent of the variance in total calcium. The four extracted factors are aggrading factor (36.6 percent), Sodium factor (16.16 percent), Phosphorus factor (12.67 percent) and total phosphorus factor (11.92 percent) obtain through varimax orthogonal factor analysis.

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Arun P. Singh , Rajiv Pandey

Abstract

Feeding potential of the defoliator, Clostera cupreata was evaluated on 40 fast growing American clones of Populus deltoides in the laboratory to find out their resistance/susceptibility to this pest. Differences in leaf area eaten for these clones were significant (p = 0.0864). Clones were divided into 6 categories [most resistant (5 clones), moderately resistant (10 clones), marginally resistant (8 clones), marginally susceptible (7 clones), moderately susceptible (2 clones) and most susceptible (8 clones)]. Clone G-48 followed by clones S₄C₂ , 113413,3567 and S₁₃C₁₄, respectively were ranked as 'most resistant' clones. On other hand clones S₇C₈ followed by clones 113324, S₇C₁, 82-33-3, 82-36-1, ST-124, D-75 and 82-26-5 were found to be 'most susceptible'. Amongst the resistant clones, clones G-48, 3324, D-67, S₇C₇, 82-35-4 and A-13 showed better growth performance than other clones. Therefore, these six clones are promising for large scale plan.tation in defoliator prone areas. On the other hand clones S₇C₈, S₇C₁, S₇C₂₀, D-75, D-74, 1133'24, ST-124, 82-33-3, 82-36-1 and 82-26-5 which although have been found to be superior to clone G-3 in terms of growtb increment in field trials but are comparatively 'more susceptible' to this defoliator and should be avoided for plantation in defoliator prone areas.

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M. K. Gupta , S. D. Sharma , M. N. Jha , Rajiv Pandey

Abstract

An experiment was, taken up to evaluate the relative efficiency of organic residues in the form of oil cakes and to compare the effect of chemical fertilizers and organic residues on the growth performance of Eucalyptus planted on sodic soil at Harkumau village in District Sultanpur of Eastern Uttar Pradesh (U.P.). Four oil cakes viz., Neem cake, Sunflower cake, Mahua cake and Mustard cake in different doses, along with FYM and chemical fertilizer were tested. When the effect of different organic cakes was compared with chemical fertilizer, maximum increase in height over chemical fertilizer treatment was observed in Neem cake 1.0 kg/pit (91.09 %) followed by Mustard cake 1.5 kg/pit treatment (82.57 %). However, the maximum increase in collar diameter over chemical fertilizers, was shown by Mustard cake 1.5 kg/pit treatment (674.49 %) followed by Neem cake 1.0 kg/pit treatment (368.72 %). In comparison to chemical fertilizer, the Neem cake 1.0 kg/pit treatment caused better survival (34.30 %) followed by Mahua cake 1.5 kg/pit treatment (32.76 %).

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Rajiv Pandey , S. P. Dhall , B. S. Kanwar , S. D. Bhardwaj

Abstract

Cross-validation technique is discussed for the validation purpose of models with brief review of the technique in forestry literature. Results of two volume estimation models have been analysed with definition of few terms viz.. apparent error. true error and excess error.

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Rajiv Pandey , S. P. Dhall , Rakesh Kumar

Abstract

Cross-validation technique is discussed for the validation purpose of models. Results of apparent error, true error, excess error and other statistics of two volume estimation models of Poplar have reported.

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Nandan Kumar , Rajiv Pandey , Jawaid Ashraf

Abstract

Planting trees outside forests will be an additional source of raising forest cover. However, there is large disparity within the farmer communities for tree planting at their farm at regional scale. This study has considered addressing the issue of adaptation of tree planting in two regions of UP for comparison. These are the Western region with high density of tree plantation at farm; and Eastern region with low density. The information related to social, economic and decision making environment within households besides the infrastructural, extension and technical aspects were collected through pretested questionnaire from 39 and 66 randomly selected households from Eastern and Western UP respectively. Economic motives in tree growing are evident in the share of commercial forest tree species in the farm forest tree content. The study concludes that social and economic environment within the households governs the tree planting on both the regions besides external factors. The farmers of Western UP have better access for market (79%), industry accessibility (83%), cheap transport and agents (89% and 76%), planting materials availability (75%) and loan facility (65%) in comparison to Eastern UP, where these practices are quite low. Association analysis confirms that the land and economic status were influencing the adaptation decisions. Based on the stepwise regression analysis for households' contextual factors, a regular flow of off-farm incomes adds to investible capacity of farm households and encourages tree growing. That the heterogeneity in adoption decision is a function of myriad of factors, which includes intrinsic characteristics of household and state affairs, for the training and extension besides the functionality of the regulatory bodies. Therefore, policy and programme should address both the economic motives of farmers and other associated factors for encouraging tree planting.

Keywords

Farmforestry, Agroforestry, Farmland, Wasteland, Stepwise Regression, Public Policy,
Peasant Farmers

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Krishna Giri ¹, Rajiv Pandey ², R. S. C. Jayaraj ¹, R. Nainamalai ³, Subhash Ashutosh ³

Affiliations
1 Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat - 785 001, IN
2 Forest Research Institute, Dehradun - 248 001, IN
3 Forest and Environment Department, Government of Meghalaya, Shillong - 793 001, IN

Abstract

Linear regression models were developed for four ecologically and economically important tree species of Meghalaya, India, viz. Betula alnoides, Duabanga grandiflora, Magnolia champaca and Toona ciliata. In the present study a non-destructive approach has been used for measurement of required variables, i.e. diameter at breast height (DBH), basal diameter, tree height, end-diameters and length of frustum. Comparison of various models of relationship on the basis of adj. R² values showed that the value for linear function (V = f (d² h)) was more than 0.90 for all the four tree species, except lowest diameter class of T. ciliata (10–30 cm diameter class). Hence this linear regression equation was selected for development of diameter class-wise volume equations. Volume of the stem was taken as the dependent variable, while DBH and tree height were used as independent variables, transformed in the form of d² h to develop regression equation. Similarly, linear regression equations for each tree species were also developed using linear function [(V = f (d² ))], considering tree volume as an dependent variable and DBH as an independent variable, transformed in the form of V = d² . The present study is among a few attempts to develop regression models without the felling of trees since 1977 and an initial attempt using advanced measurement equipment in North East (NE) India, under the current regime of ban on tree felling. The regression equations developed in this study can be used for estimation of timber yield and carbon content of the selected tree species found in the Meghalaya forests.

Keywords

Biomass, Regression Equations, Tree Volume, Timber Species.

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Munesh Kumar ¹, Rahul Kumar ¹, Bobbymoore Konsam ¹, Mehraj A. Sheikh ¹, Rajiv Pandey ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Forestry, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar-Garhwal 249 161, IN
2 Department of Informatics, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun 248 003, IN

Abstract

Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii Sargent) stands were selected across their distributional range from Himalaya, i.e. from lower altitude to upper altitude to understand distribution of chir tree density, basal cover and biomass with altitudes. Tree density was highest >1800 m (405 ind ha^–1) and lowest (171.67 ind ha^–1) between 1401 and 1800 m. Tree height was highest (23.69 m) between 1001 and 1400 m and lowest (17.71 m) >1800 m. Basal area was highest (30.51 m² ha^–1) between 1001 and 1400 m and lowest (17.16 m² ha^–1) between 1401 and 1800 m. The highest volume was observed between 1001 and 1400 m altitude and lowest between 1401 and 1800 m. Bole biomass was highest (145.51 t ha^–1) between 1001 and 1400 m and lowest (80.78 t ha^–1) between 1401 and 1800 m. The mean leaf litter biomass production was highest in summer and showed decreasing trend in winter to rainy seasons, except in Rudraprayag where the highest biomass was observed in summer and regressed from rainy to winter seasons. The study concluded that, the density, height, basal area and volume of Pinus roxburgii trees varied with altitude in the Himalaya, but it is not directional. Density of trees plays an important role which changes biomass accordingly. Litter production had inverse relation with altitude, however increase in biomass of litter at >1801 m was observed due to new plantations.

Keywords

Carbon, Conifers, Greenhouse Gas, Pure Forest, REDD⁺.

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