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Charanjeet Kaur ¹, Rajdeep Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ferozepur, Punjab, IN

Abstract

The study was conducted in four villages of Ludhiana district of Punjab. A sample of 120 respondents comprising of 30 rural women from each selected village who actively participated in vegetable growing were selected for the purpose of study and respondents were divided into 4 groups. The developed module consisting of illustrated pictorial booklet, audio and video cassettes were used to impart training on minimal processing of vegetables to the selected four groups of farm women. The study revealed that demonstration and illustrated pictorial booklet was more effective for imparting education to women followed by video and illustrated pictorial booklet. The findings further indicated that 60 per cent of respondents gained high knowledge through reading of illustrated pictorial booklet and demonstration.

Keywords

Knowledge, Processing, Vegetables

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Rajdeep Kaur ¹, Charanjeet Kaur ¹, G. S. Aulakh ¹

Affiliations
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ferozepur (Punjab), IN

Abstract

Abstract not Given.

Keywords

Block, Knowledge, Needs, Stitching, Training

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Rajdeep Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (P.A.U.) Ferozepur (Punjab), IN

Abstract

Designers are ever evolving new styles for fashion conscious people. In the present scenario, western dresses are on the mind of young people and adolescents. Trousers, the western garment, were first adopted by Indian males. Though in the recent past, it is gradually becoming popular among the educated young females, thus making a unisex garment. The study was conducted in Ludhiana city of Punjab state in 2003 and ten years later, in 2013 to find the change in selection of different kinds of designing in trousers from the youngsters. It was found that 92 per cent of the respondents preferred trousers for both formal and informal wear in 2003, after ten years it was observed that all (100 %) of the respondents preferred for both formal and informal wear. None of the respondents preferred to get his trouser stitched either at home or from a tailor as per the study during the year 2013. But all of them (100 %) favoured the readymade trousers as against 5 per cent who preferred tailormade trousers and 3 per cent who preferred homemade trousers in 2003. Cotton fabric remained the most preferred over the years. The respondents' response on preferences regarding colours indicated that blue (54 %) was the most preferred colour, followed by black. A few respondents preferred red and maroon colour in 2013 which was not chosen in 2003.

Keywords

Designing, Fabric, Preferences, Trousers.

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Lovepreet Kaur ¹, Rajdeep Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali - 140413, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Objectives: VoIP technologies are growing day by day as it cost less than the traditional phone calls. This paper mainly focuses on aggregation of voice data over IP network. Method/Analysis: The proposed model scenario includes the deployment of four major network zones, which are differentiated by IPv4 based segmentation. The purpose of the different segment based network is to create the need of the inter-zonal routing, which in turn enables the mode of interzonal aggregation over the intermediate switches. Total ten nodes are deployed in each segment defined with individual IP segment. In this simulation scenario, the linear connectivity has been established between the different zones. Findings: The performance measures transmission delay and the throughput is calculated using secure data aggregation scheme. The proposed model has been designed for the purpose of VoIP data aggregation, which can hold the multiple streams altogether under the one aggregated stream inflowing between the two primary network switches handling the VoIP data. Novelty of the Study: In this paper, proposed secure data aggregation method is compared with existing aggregation schemes like hop-by-hop, end-to-end and AADM. Comparison shows that the throughput of proposed model is more effective and efficient than the existing model and delay is also less in the proposed model.

Keywords

AADM (Adaptive Aggregation Data Model), End-to-End, Hop-by-Hop, Inter Zonal Routing, VoIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol).

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Tsewang Dorjay ¹, Harpal Singh Sandhu ¹, Rajdeep Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, GADVASU, Ludhiana - 141012, Punjab, IN

Abstract

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate hematological alterations induced by oral subchronic exposure to cadmium, imidacloprid, and their combination in buffalo calves. Cadmium exposure produced a significant decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), and MCH Concentration (MCHC). There was a significant increase in Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) but it did not produce any change in Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR). Repeated oral administration of imidacloprid produced a significant decrease in Hb, PCV, TEC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC; however, there was a significant elevation in the levels of ESR and TLC. The combined exposure of cadmium and imidacloprid produced a significant decline in Hb concentration, PCV, TEC, MCV, and MCHC. It produced a significant increase in ESR and TLC, but no changes were observed in the levels of MCH.

Keywords

Buffalo Calves, Cadmium, Imidacloprid, Subchronic, Toxicity.

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Rajdeep Kaur ¹, Rajan Goyal ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Engineering, YCOE, Talwandi Sabo, Punjab, IN

Abstract

There are several biometric identities associated with the human which prominently includes the fingerprint, palm-print, palm-vein, finger-vein, retina and Iris features. The human beings are identified by their biological identities for the attendance systems, authorization systems or other similar applications. The biometric systems have found their way into almost all of the organizations with the medium to large employee base. Many of the small organizations with the adequately higher number of employees are also incorporating the biometric systems. The biometric systems based upon the Iris features are being popular as the standalone or hybrid biometric or with other authentication entities. The Iris recognition requires the accurate localization of the Iris features from the image of eye collected for training or testing purposes. The Iris extraction requires two demarcation circles, where first circle demarcates the outer boundary and second circle demarcates the inner boundary by detecting the outer boundary of the pupil. Also, the angular shift mechanism can be incorporated to study the movement of the Iris in the given image for accurate localization of the region of interest containing the Iris feature. The proposed solution will utilize the probabilistic classification based upon the multi-class SVM to detect the Iris features with or without contact lenses. The proposed solution aims at improving the existing model for the robust performance.

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Sandeep Bains ¹, Rajdeep Kaur ¹, Manisha Sethi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Apparel and Textile Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab), IN

Abstract

The status of women in a society is assessed by the recognition given to their participation and contribution in various fields. When we assess the number of women in farming activities, we realize the impact of the crisis prevailing in the agriculture sector. The seminal role played by our women in the enterprise of agriculture and its related activities has never been documented. Most certainly, our agriculture would not have sustained thus far without the role played by our women in its domain. Women with lower literacy levels and financial income as compared to their male counterparts may be unable to read leaflets or purchase protective equipment, putting their health at risk.

Keywords

Women, Agriculture, Status, Farming.

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Rajdeep Kaur ¹, S. Daundkar Prashant ¹, Kamalpreet Kaur Gill ¹, Simerjot Singh ¹, S. P. S. Saini ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, IN

Abstract

The effect of sub-acute fenvalerate administration on its toxicokinetics was studied in male buffalo calves. Four healthy male buffalo calves were administered fenvalerate orally (@ 1 mg.kg^-1.day^-1) for 21 consecutive days. On day one, blood samples were collected for upto 48 h post administration for toxicokinetic study. The calves were then drenched at the same dose rate for 21 days and sampling was repeated on 21^st day for toxicokinetic analysis. Concentrations of fenvalerate in the serum samples were analysed using gas chromatography (GC) and toxicokinetic parameters were calculated as per the non compartmental analysis. Significantly reduced distribution at steady state (0.11 L.kg^-1 Vs 0.19 L.kg^-1) on 21^st day of continuous exposure compared to day one, clearly indicated limited distribution of the pesticide in various body fluids and tissues upon repeated administration. There was improved persistence of toxicant in the body upon sub-acute exposure as shown by significant increase in area under curve (AUC=156.4 Vs 69.1 μg.h.ml^-1) after sub-acute administration. This fact was further supported by increased mean residence time (MRT=16.7 h Vs 12.6 h) of the pesticide. There was significant increase in the elimination half life (11.6 h Vs 8.74h) of the toxicant on day 21 compared to that observed on day 1, which was further underlined by a significant decrease in its clearance (0.006 Vs 0.015 L.kg^-1.h^-1). Sub-acute exposure of fenvalerate at the proposed dose rate resulted in limited tissue distribution, augmented persistence and slow elimination from the body of animals. This altered toxicokinetics of fenvalerate upon subacute exposure might be due to its effect on organs of metabolism and/elimination, thereby posing increased risk of toxicity in buffalo calves.

Keywords

Fenvalerate, Sub-Acute, Toxicokinetic, Gas Chromatography, Buffalo Calves.

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Najeeb Jawad ¹, Rajdeep Kaur ¹, Suresh K. Sharma ¹, Simrat P. S. Saini ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, IN

Abstract

Carbaryl is recommended for use on fodders crops in India, but absolutely no work has been done on its toxicokinetics aspect in any species consuming these forage crops, including buffalo species. Since the toxicokinetics serves as a basis for recommending safe withdrawal period of any substance, the aim of this study was to compute important parameters of carbaryl after its subchronic exposure at recommended dose in order to serve as a guideline with regards to observation of meat withdrawal times in buffaloes exposed to carbaryl. Carbaryl was given at the dose rate of 1 mg/kg daily for 105 consecutive days and blood samples of each animal were collected, followed for extraction of carbaryl in serum. Carbaryl produced a gradual accumulation in serum of buffalo calves after oral exposure. There was variation in serum carbaryl levels from 3.31 ± 0.28 to 3.46 ± 0.61 ppm through day 15 to day 105 of exposure, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was computed to be 363.0 ± 10.1μg.ml^-1.day^-1. Volume of distribution at steady state (Vd_ss) was found to be 0.162 ± 0.017 ml.kg^-1. The overall elimination rate constant (K_el) and mean residential time (MRT) were calculated to be 0.017 ± 0.003 day^-1 and 59.1 ± 7.8 days, respectively. Based on mean serum levels of carbaryl, the elimination half life (t_1/2β) of carbaryl in buffalo calves was calculated to be 67.37 days. Carbaryl had a long half-life in in buffalo calves. This finding will serve as a guideline with regards to observation of meat withdrawal times in buffaloes exposed to carbaryl. This is very important since carbaryl is recommended for spraying over fodder crops to control pests. However further studies are needed to verify this by measuring actual tissue residue levels of carbaryl at regular time intervals after exposure.

Keywords

Carbaryl, Buffalo, Half-Life, Serum, Chromatography.

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Najeeb Jawad ¹, Rajdeep Kaur ¹, Sreeshitha S. Gouri ¹, Vinod K. Dumka ¹, Simrat P. S. Saini ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, IN

Abstract

The aim of the present work was to study the alterations of the antioxidant defenses and the overall susceptibility to oxidative stress of the Bubalus bubalis exposed to the carbamate pesticide Carbaryl at the dose rate of 1mg/kg/day for 105 consecutive days produced no observable signs of toxicity in buffalo calves. However, it produced a significant increase in the extent of lipid peroxidation (42.9%) and in the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes namely glutathione peroxidase (39.2%), glutathione reductase (45.3%), glutathione-S-transferase (29%), superoxide dismutase (65%) and catalase (34.5%).On the other hand, carbaryl administration resulted in significant decrease in the blood glutathione level (26%), an important intra-cellular component of defense against oxidative damage, which is indicative of variations in the overall anti-oxidant profile of buffalo calves induced with sub-chronic carbaryl toxicosis. Overall the current results demonstrated the susceptibility of B. Bubalis to oxidative stress induced by the exposure to Carbaryl at an environmentally realistic concentrations, exposing the animal to the risk of oxidative stress damages. The observed responses can be used as sensitive biomarkers for the detection and assessment of effects caused by Carbaryl pesticide exposure.

Keywords

Carbaryl, Oxidative Stress, Buffalo Calves, Anti-Oxidant Enzymes.

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Shabir Ahmad Dar ¹, Rajdeep Kaur ¹, Rajdeep Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Dermal exposure of cypermethrin, a type II synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, at dose rate of 0.25% for 14 consecutive days produced mild signs of toxicity in buffalo calves. It produced significant elevation in the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT; 39.5%), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; 32.0%), blood urea nitrogen (BUN; 57.7%), and plasma creatinine (30.0%). Cypermethrin also produced significant decrease in the hemoglobin (Hb) concentration (5.4%), packed cell volume (PCV; 3.4%), and total erythrocytic count (4.0%). Additionally, there was a significant increase in erythrocytic sedimentation rate (ESR; 3.1%). On the basis of the present study, it can be concluded that cypermethrin induces significant biochemical and hematological alterations in buffalo calves when exposed dermally.

Keywords

Biochemical, buffalo calves, cypermethrin, dermal, hematology, toxicity

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Amandeep Kaur ¹, Rehana Ahad ¹, Minakshi Modgill ¹, Mitushi Masih ¹, Navjit Kaur ¹, Navjot Kaur ¹, Parampreet Kaur ¹, Paramveer Kaur ¹, Parveen Kaur Handa ¹, Poonam Sharma ¹, Prabhdeep Kaur ¹, Prabhjot Kaur ¹, Rajdeep Kaur ¹, Rajni ¹

Affiliations
1 Institute of Nursing Education, GTBS (C) Hospital, Ludhiana, IN

Abstract

A descriptive study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on blood donation among the college going students of selected colleges of Ludhiana, Punjab. A quasi experimental study with single group pretest-posttest design was conducted on a total of 50 college going students. Structured Teaching Programme on blood donation was developed. Based on Structured Teaching Programme, a Self Structured Questionnaire was prepared to assess the pretest-posttest knowledge scores of study subjects regarding blood donation. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were used for data analysis. Findings of the study revealed that the mean posttest knowledge scores (23.78) of subjects regarding blood donation were significantly (p<0.01) higher than their pretest knowledge scores (12.64) after administration of Structured Knowledge Programme. In pre-test, maximum 28 (56%) of subjects has average knowledge scores followed by 19 (38%) which were having poor knowledge scores and 2 (4%) who had very poor knowledge scores. Only 1 (2%) had good knowledge score. None of the subject had very good knowledge score in pretest. After administration of Structured Teaching Programme, the level of post knowledge score of subjects increased as in post-test 24 (48%) of subjects students achieved very good knowledge scores followed by 20 (40%) who had good level of knowledge scores. Only 6 (12%) had average knowledge scores. None of the subjects had poor or very poor level of knowledge scores. There were no statistically significant (p>0.05) association between the posttest knowledge scores of the subjects on blood donation and their birth order in the family, habitat, type of family and monthly family income. Hence, administration o f Structured Teaching Programme on blood donation was very effective on college going students.

Keywords

Effectiveness, Structured Teaching Programme, College Going Students.

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Tsewang Dorjay ¹, Rajdeep Kaur ¹, S. P. S. Saini ¹, H . S. Sandhu ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana – 141 004, Punjab,, IN

Abstract

Imidacloprid, is a highly effective and widely used neonicotinoid insecticide for crop protection and veterinary pest control, which has gained a major market control in the past several years. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the toxic potential of imidacloprid in buffalo calves when administered for prolonged periods. Evaluation of various biochemical markers of hepatic, renal and muscular injury was done using standardized procedures. Oral administration of imidacloprid (@ 0.5 mg/kg/day; 90 days) in male buffalo calves, produced varying degrees of nasal discharge, lachrymal discharge, lethargy and weakness. Imidacloprid exposure caused a significant increase in the levels of plasma aspartate aminotransferase (12.3%), alanine aminotransferase (172.2%), lactate dehydrogenase (13.7%), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (57.5%), alkaline phosphatase (37.2%), acid phosphatase (220.0%), blood urea nitrogen (148.4%), creatinine (5.22%) and cholesterol (68.9%). However, no significant changes were observed in the enzymatic activity of creatine kinase, plasma cholinesterase as well as total protein and glucose levels.

Keywords

Biochemical, Buffalo Calves, Imidacloprid, Subchronic.

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