Informatics Publishing Limited

Rahul Ranjan ¹, Supratik Das ², Ramesh P. Gupta ¹, Rahul Srivastava ¹, Vikas Kr. Sah ¹, G. Pandisabareeswari ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of EEE, Dr. M.G.R. Educational & Research Institute, University, IN
2 Department of EEE, Dr. M.G.R .Educational & Research Institute, University, IN

Abstract

This project is about design and implementation of an embedded system to monitor and record the key parameters of a distribution transformer like load currents, load voltages, vibrations and ambient temperature. The idea of on-line monitoring system integrates a global service mobile (GSM) modem, with a standalone single chip microcontroller and different sensors. It is installed at the distribution transformer site and the above parameters are recorded using the analog to digital converter (ADC) of the embedded system. The obtained parameters are processed and recorded in the system memory. For this modelling, we take one temperature sensor, 3 potential transformers one for each phase, 3 current transformers one for each phase and 1 temperature sensor for monitoring the 3 phase data and the temperature of the transformer. All values are taken and are sent sequentially to the receiving unit installed in the EB offices in GSM mode of communication. The remote receiver installed in the EB offices receives not only the real time data on the LCD display but also the error signal and the fluctuations in any parameters from its normal standards on the LCD display. This mobile system will help the transformers to operate smoothly and identify problems before any catastrophic failure.
The power supply consists of a step down transformer 230/12V, which steps down the voltage to 12V AC. This is converted to DC using a Bridge rectifier and it is then regulated to +5V using a voltage regulator which is required for the operation of the microcontroller and other components.

Keywords

Transformers, Current Transformers, Potential Transformers, Resistors, Capacitors, Transistors, ADC, LCD Display, Voltage Regulator, Temperature Sensor, GSM Modem, Relays, Microcontroller.

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Rahul Ranjan ¹

Affiliations
1 Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, IN

Abstract

The emission and energy consumption in absolute form is not considered as a better measurement of emission intensity and energy intensity respectively. This paper estimates the factors which influence emission and energy intensity in the Indian manufacturing sector. For estimating these variables, the panel data analysis has been deployed across three manufacturing industry groups, viz., overall manufacturing sector, high emission-intensive industries and low emission-intensive industries. The random effect model highlights that an increase in energy intensity and material intensity leads to higher emission intensity. The study also reveals that the manufacturing sector does not support the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. Further, high emission-intensive industries are capital-intensive industries while less emission-intensive industries are labour-intensive industries. This raises the question about the technology used by the manufacturing sector, especially high emission-intensive industries.

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Navneet Singh ¹, Rahul Ranjan ¹

Affiliations
1 Zoological Survey of India, Gangetic Plains Regional Centre, Sector-8, Bahadurpur Housing Colony, Patna-800 026, Bihar, IN

Abstract

The present communication deals with the addition of 23 species under 19 genera of three families: Erebidae, Noctuidae&Nolidae of moths from Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary. Two new species, Ophiusa pseudotirhaca Singh & Ranjan, sp. nov. and Rusicada pindraberensis Singh & Ranjan, sp. nov. are described and one species, Pericyma cruegeri (Butler, 1886) is reported for the first time from India. This is an addition of about 17% of moths to the already recorded 138 species from Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary.

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Rahul Ranjan ¹, Prashant Kumar ¹, Neha Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Poornima Group of Institutions, Rajasthan, IN

Abstract

This paper attempts to present a collection of microwave and millimetre wave semiconductor diodes. These semiconductor diodes are operates at microwave frequencies and millimetre frequencies. The invention of these semiconductor diodes led to almost complete replacement of vacuum devices which are bulky and large in size. Because of small size a large number of diodes can integrate on a single chip and this arrangement forms very large-scale integrated circuits which led to solid-state replacement on computer switching circuits. This paper surveys characteristics, applications, advantages and disadvantages of microwave and millimetre wave semiconductor devices.

Keywords

Microwave, Millimetre Wave, Solid State Devices, Vacuum Tube, Compound Material, Microsemi.

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Rahul Ranjan ¹, Kamla Rawat ², H. B. Bohidar ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi - 110067, IN
2 Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi - 110062, IN

Abstract

TX-100 molecular hydrogels exhibited re-entrant melt-gel-sol phase transition driven solely by dilution, which sequentially altered the self-assembly of the micellar formations and their population was investigated through the monitoring of the physical parameters namely, solution viscosity, particle size histogram, ergodicity, and gel rigidity modulus. This phenomenon was noticed at 20° C in the TX-100 concentration region of 0.2 to 1.2 M much above the critical micellar concentration of 0.22 mM. The particle size histograms revealed the presence of spherical micelles (size »3 nm) in the solution ([TX-100] < 0.5 M) which formed entangled wormlike cylindrical micelles (apparent hydrodynamic radius » 50 nm) when (0.5 M< [TX-100] < 0.9 M) giving rise to a gel-like structure. Further increase in the TX-100 concentration increased the propensity of these wormlike cylindrical micelles that got randomly distributed creating a dense melt phase. Interestingly, we observed transition solely driven by dilution which defined complete re-entrant behavior at room temperature. These molecular gels could be created by dilution of the melt or concentration of the sol unlike in the polymer gels. Remarkably, this hitherto little known unique phenomenon was exhibited by a simple system of non-ionic surfactant solution. Thus, we have a hydration reversible gel at our disposal which has a special place in soft matter arena.

Keywords

Bulk Phenomena, Gelation Mechanism, Re-Entrant Phase Transition, Surfactant Gels, TX-100 Gel.

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