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J. Anbu , R. Vasuki , P. Shanmugasundaram , Shiny George , R. Sujatha , M. Vijey Aanandhi

Abstract

The methanolic extract of the Citrus sinensis peel was screened for antidiarrhoeal activity using animal models against castor oil induced diarrhoea. The parameters evaluated are small intestine secretion by enteropooling assay, rate of defecation and small intestine transit. The methanolic extract showed significant activity (p<0.05) against castor oil induced diarrhoea and interluminal accumulation of fluid. It also reduced gastrointestinal motility after charcoal meal administration in albino mice. The results indicates that the action of Citrus sinensis peel extract (CSPE) could be through a combination of inhibition of elevated prostaglandin biosynthesis and reduced propulsive movement of the small intestine.

Keywords

Citrus Sinensis, Anti Diarrhoeal, Albino Mice, Castor Oil and Charcoal Meal

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P. C. Narayani , J. Anbu , R. Vasuki , Rajeshwari Hari

Abstract

The combined Bi-Herbal Ethanolic (BHE) extract made up of equal quantities of leaves of Calotropis gigantea and Cardiospermum halicacabum was evaluated for its synergistic invitro and invivo anti-arthritic effects and was compared with its individual ethanolic extracts of Calotropis gigantea (ECG) and Cardiospermum halicacabum (ECH). The invitro anti-arthritic potential of these extracts were evaluated in terms of its inhibition of protein denaturation, membrane stabilization and proteinase enzyme inhibition. Freund's Adjuvant Arthritis Model in Wistar rats was used to study the invivo anti-arthritic activity. The three extracts (BHE, ECG, and ECH) at the dose level of 300 mg/kg b.w. were ingested orally in the suspension in 2% CMC to the CFA treated rats once daily for 40 days and the percentage inhibition of the paw volume due to the drug treatment was calculated. All the three plant extracts exhibited dose dependent inhibition of protein denaturation and protease inhibition. They also protected the RBC cells by stabilizing the membranes. There was a marked (p<0.01) reduction in the paw volume and oedema observed in the drug treated animals when compared to the intoxicant treated animals. The BHE has got a significant reduction of these paw volume and oedema when compared to its individual extract ECG and ECH. The anti-arthritic effects of these plant extracts may attribute either due to its inhibition of protein denaturation by inhibiting the proteinase enzymes or stabilizing the membranes from the free radical attack which are generated due to the immunological and inflammatory reactions observed in most of the arthritic conditions.

Keywords

Anti-Arthritic, Freund's Adjuvant Arthritis, Protein-Denaturation, Synergistic.

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R. Vasuki ¹, K. Venkatraman ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai - 600073, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Polycythemia is normally defined as blood disorder which causes an increase in hemoglobin or venous hematocrit above 65%. It occurs either in neonates or in people above 60 years. The hyper viscosity in new born at the age of two hours leads to cardiac arrest because of oxygen impairment. The clinical features of hyper viscosity affects all the organs in the body and this entity should be screened in high risk adults (above 60 yrs) and neonates. The causes for polycythemia may be genetic or physiological and the treatment varies accordingly. This technique, the selective removal of RBCs can provide sometime until the decision about the disease (genetic or physiological) and treatment is made by the physician. This can reduce the risk associated with the conventional methods followed so far and the risk of cardiac arrest in neonates and adults is reduced.

Keywords

Bio-microfilter, Hematocrit, Hyperviscosity, In-vivo, Polycythemia

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M. Amrutha ¹, R. Vasuki ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jerusalem College of Engineering, Chennai - 600100, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai - 600073, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Fractal dimension is an important tool for the analysis of medical images. MR images and the mammographic images give a detailed view of both benign and malignant lesions. This work focuses on the extraction of boundary and analysis of its fractal dimensions to classify the benign and malignant lesions. The boundary of the lesion is extracted using fuzzy c-means clustering. The lesion contour is then converted into time series using "freeman's chain code". The resultant time series is used for fractal analysis using non-linear technique called Higuchi algorithm. This algorithm generates a single value which discriminates between benign and malignant structures. This classification of lesions is made using k-nearest neighbor pattern classifier. As a means of confirming the result the histopathological images of the tissues were used. The steps involved include selecting the region of interest of the histopatholgical images and analysis of its fractal dimensions to classify the benign and malignant lesion cells. Box-Counting algorithm is applied on the selected region to obtain various fractal features such as coarseness, lacunarity and complexity of the cells. Based on the obtained values classification of lesions is made using k-nearest neighbor pattern classifier. The results proved that these methods serve as an effective tool for diagnosis.

Keywords

Box-Counting, c-means Clustering, Coarseness and Complexity, Fractal Dimension, Freeman’s Chain Code, Higuchi Algorithm, k-NN Classifier, Lacunarity, MATLAB.

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Vasukidevi Ramachandran ¹, R. Kishore Kanna ², S. Geetha ², R. Vasuki ³

Affiliations
1 Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai - 73
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai - 73, IN
3 Professor and Head, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai - 73, IN

Abstract

Medicines are an important part of modern health care system. The market for pharmaceutical medicines runs in billions of dollars a year. Butrecently a new problematic phenomenon has risen which is termed as "Poor Medication Adherence". In simple terms it refers to improper intake of medicines as prescribed by doctor. Study shows that the reason for it is forgetfulness. So the instrument devised here is to address the problem by building a wearable non invasive device which can alert the patient in time. Since the device is in its initial stage so it was built for only glucose detection to control insulin intake by diabetic patients. Near Infra Red light when passes through a tissue its absorbance is changed due to interaction with glucose molecules present. By detecting the level of glucose one can determine the insulin requirement of the patient. Glucose is one of the important biochemical produced in the process of metabolism in human body. But also a proper level of glucose amount will ensure the health of a human. Insulin regulates the amount of glucose level to be maintained in the human body.

Keywords

Poor Medication Adherence, Glucose, Insulin, Near Infra Red.

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Vasukidevi Ramachandran ¹, R. Kishore Kanna ², S. Geetha ², R. Vasuki ³

Affiliations
1 Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai - 73, IN
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai - 73, IN
3 Professor and Head, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai - 73, IN

Abstract

The main concept of our projectis to survey our nearby areas and to find and treat patients having warts, which is caused by the infection which is also known as human papilloma virus infection. So we are providing a confidential discussion with the patient which will of course be between the patient, us and our guide Dr. Vasukidevi. The information given by them would not be shared or disclosed to anyone else.

And basically we will be working on the preparation of medicine which is of course a herbal one to treat them without any invasive or incision in their body. As it is herbal cure it would not have any side effects too. There are various natural substances that can be used for this herbal cure like curcumin, aloe Vera, apple cider, castor oil seeds, turmeric and many of these. Therefore, we are expecting some good results in future in our perspectives in these herbal curing field as we are also the one to support it.

Keywords

Human Papilloma Virus, Curcumin, Castor Oil Seeds.

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S. Geetha ¹, Vasukidevi Ramachandran ², V. Gomathy ², R. Vasuki ³

Affiliations
1 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Biomedical Engg., BIHER, IN
2 Associate Professor, Dept. of Biomedical Engg., BIHER, IN
3 Professor and Head, Dept. of Biomedical Engg., BIHER, IN

Abstract

Temperature is the degree or intensity of warmth present in a substance or thing, particularly as passed on by a relative scale and appeared by a thermometer or seen by touch. Here I am utilizing LM35. The LM35 strategy are exactness combined circuit temperature gadgets with a yield voltage direct in regard to the Centigrade temperature. The LM35 contraption has a favoured position over direct temperature sensors balanced in Kelvin . Restorative sorts of apparatus impacted by warming are given this sensor to change over warmth into voltage in controlled manner to shield the equipment from overheating. The sensor equipment is fixed and not presented to oxidation.

Keywords

LM35 Temperature Sensor, Thermocouple, Impedance, Self-Heating.

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R. Kishore Kanna ¹, T. Manoj Prasath ², R. Vasuki ³

Affiliations
1 Assistant Professor, Dept of Biomedical Engg, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai - 73, IN
2 Assistant Professor, Dept of Biomedical Engg., Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai - 73, IN
3 Professor and Head, Dept of Biomedical Engg., Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai - 73, IN

Abstract

Image processing techniques is been applied to process of imaging to obtain a more suitable output image for certain specific applications. Image processing improves the interpretability of an image for a human viewer. Visible quality of an image is enhanced by varying brightness, contrast, & histogram equalization. The analysis of image from tissues is very important for the detection of abnormalities. The images from abnormal regions are processed for distinguishing normal and abnormal regions. Commonly used method for analysis of medical images are based on software algorithm and the image enhancement algorithm with field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) implemented in hardware is a high performance. The image processing uses MATLABsimulator for processing. The proposed system of fundus image for detecting fluid filled abnormal regions of retina. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated¹.

Keywords

Image Enhancement, FPGA, Histogram, MATLAB Simulator.

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R. Kishore Kanna ¹, T. Manoj Prasath ¹, R. Vasuki ²

Affiliations
1 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Biomedical Engg., Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai - 73, IN
2 Professor and Head, Dept of Biomedical Engg., Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai - 73, IN

Abstract

A light activated switch for persons to operate switch-controlled computer software or other communication device has been developed. A light emitting diode is attached to the user’s forehead. An array of photo transistors is mounted at a fixed position from the body. It requires a small but controllable motion to activate the switch by aiming the LED beam at the target area of the receiver. The false activation due to uncontrollable motion will be a problem associated with cerebral palsy. The LED in the transmitter is driven by oscillator at 1 kHz and the band pass filter which is in receiver is tuned at that frequency¹. The level of received is detected by an amplitude demodulator once the signal is filtered. When the signals amplitude reach’s the threshold, a one short timer is triggered which then latches the switch for predetermined period. The system was tested by an 8 year old child and has demonstrated a satisfactory result. The sensivity and specificity are important factors for reliable operation of the light activated switch associated with the cerebral palsy.⁶

Keywords

Switch Technology, Computer Access, Cerebral Palsy (CP), Spastic Cerebral Palsy, Assistive Technology (AT).

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T. Manoj Prasath ¹, S. Geetha ¹, R. Kishore Kanna ¹, R. Vasuki ²

Affiliations
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, BIHER, Chennai - 73, IN
2 Professor and Head, Department of Biomedical Engineering, BIHER, Chennai - 73, IN

Abstract

Sleepiness either by Drowsy or Alcoholic is the main cursory factor for road accident and daytime malfunction. Especially, distinguishing driver’s laziness could capture drivers from impacts brought about by lazy driving. This paper point is to permit the dependable sign for identifying driver frumpiness dependent on the infrared sensors. In this paper we connected IR sensors which measure the beats every minutes (BPM) inconstancy of the driver which indicates tiredness of the subject. The target of this task is to plan and advancement of inbuilt IR sensor inside directing wheel of the vehicles. This laziness discovery framework is savvy and increasingly precise to lessen the episode of street mishap.

Keywords

Sleepiness, IR Sensors, Beats Per Minute, In Built IR Sensor, Drowsiness Detection.

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