Informatics Publishing Limited

R. Suma ¹

Affiliations
1 566, Maruti Mansion, B2, 10th Cross, 7th main, JP Nagar-3 phase, Bangalore 560078, IN

Abstract

Ciprofloxacin is a commonly used fluoroquinolone despite evidence of increased resistance.

Acute interstitial Nephritis secondary to ciprofloxacin usage is a well-known entity at therapeutic dosages. Literature review shows scant reports of renal failure secondary to overdose of ciprofloxacin.

Here we report a 50 year old male patient who presented as an emergency with anuria and renal failure 4 days after ingestion of 20 tablets of ciprofloxacin. Renal biopsy revealed granulomatous interstitial nephritis, acute tubular necrosis and crystals in the tubular lumen.

Acute Interstitial nephritis is the most common biopsy feature of Ciprofloxacin induced renal failure. Isolated findings of acute tubular necrosis, granulomatous interstitial nephritis and crystals in the tubular lumen have also been reported. This case is unique for the presence of all three pathological findings.

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P. R. Kalpana ¹, R. Suma ¹, M. S. Nagaraja ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Tomato is an important commercial vegetable crop grown throughout the world, is also known to tolerate the calcareous soil conditions. But, phosphorus availability is a major constrain affecting its yield and productivity. Application of sulphur(S) is known to enhance its availability through bio-chemical reactions and desorption process. To ascertain the quantity of P and S required to enhance the productivity of tomato, a field experiment was conducted in calcareous clay loam soil with five levels of P₂O₅ (312.5, 250, 187.5, 125 and 0 kg ha^-1) and four levels of S, applied at the rate of 2.5, 1.5, 0.5 and 0 per cent (w/w) equivalent to active CaCO₃ in soil. Increased rate of P and S application enhanced tomato growth recording highest with P_312.5+ S_2.5 which was on par with P₂₅₀+S_2.5. But, the highest fruit setting rate (69.37%) was obtained with P₂₅₀+S_2.5 resulting in higher number of fruits per cluster (4.94), fruits per plant (41.17), fruit weight (77.60 g), fruit diameter (5.17cm). All these yield parameters were manifested into marketable tomato fruit yield recording maximum of 42.30 t ha^-1 with P₂₅₀+S_2.5. The study established that application of 250 kg ha^-1 P +2.5% S found to be statistically optimum for tomato in terms of its yield (42.30 ton ha^-1).

Keywords

Phosphorus, Sulphur, Calcareous Soil, Tomato, Yield.

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S. Kirankumar ¹, M. S. Nagaraja ¹, R. Suma ¹, Ashok S. Alur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

An extensive survey was carried out to study the effect of irrigation water on soil sodification, in terms of soil sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC), in a typical black soil of Karnataka and it was carried out in Mudhol taluka of Bagalkot district. The soil SAR and RSC varied greatly up on different sources of irrigation water. The values of SAR ranged from 0.79 in borewell irrigated soils to 18.43 in lift irrigated soils. Most of the studied soils (131 samples) were found to be safe from sodicity hazard with < 10 SAR values. In terms of RSC of soils ranged from -23.20 meq/l in lift irrigated soils to +11.70 meq/l in dryland soils. Majority of the black soils of Mudhol taluka (70.6 %; 101 samples) were found safe with low RSC values (< 1.25 meq/l) while, 23.8 per cent of the samples recorded higher RSC of > 2.5 meq/l.

Keywords

Black Soil, Sodium Adsorption Ratio, Residual Sodium Carbonate, Lift Irrigation, Sodicity Hazard.

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K. M. Lokamatha Swamy ¹, D. Manjula ², S. M. Shanta Kumar ¹, N. Rama Rao ¹, Somshekar Shyale ¹, R. Suma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, V.L. College of Pharmacy, Raichur- 584103, Karnataka, IN
2 Dayananda Sagar College of Pharmacy, Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumarswamy layout, Bangalore-560078, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

The objective of this study was to develop, characterize and evaluate mucoadhesive microcapsules of flurbiprofen with a coat consisting of sodium alginate in combination with other mucoadhesive polymers such as sodium carboxy methylcellulose (sodium CMC), methyl cellulose (MC), carbopol and hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) by an emulsification-ionic gelation process for prolonged gastrointestinal absorption. The microcapsules were prepared by an emulsification-ionic gelation process. The microcapsules were evaluated for physical characteristics such as particle size, particle shape and surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy, and other parameters like drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro mucoadhesion by everted intestinal sac technique and in vitro drug release characteristics. The USP Rotating Basket method was selected to perform the dissolution profiles carried out in 900 ml of phosphate buffer of pH 7.2. The resulting microcapsules were discrete, small, and fairly spherical and free flowing. Microencapsulation efficiency was 60.92% to 87.74% and relatively high with alginate-carbopol and low with alginate-MC combinations. On the contrary, alginate-carbopol shown lower strength of mucoadhesion and high percentage of mucoadhesion was observed with alginate-MC combination. Flurbiprofen release from these mucoadhesive microcapsules was slow, extended over longer periods of time and depended on the combination of mucoadhesive polymer. The highest percentage of drug release was observed with alginate-hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose. Drug release kinetics from these formulations corresponded best to Higuchi model. The release of the model drug from these mucoadhesive microcapsules was prolonged over an extended period of time and the drug release mechanism followed anomalous (non- Fickian) diffusion controlled as well as Case II transport. By providing intimate contact of dosage form with the absorbing surface, bioavailability of drug could enhanced which in turn improves pharmacological effect. As a result, oral controlled release dosage form to avoid serious gastrointestinal adverse effects commonly associated with the model drug was achieved by the principle of mucoadhesion.

Keywords

Flurbiprofen, Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose, Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose, Methyl Cellulose, Microcapsules.

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