Informatics Publishing Limited

Shriram K. Vasudevan ¹, R. Sivaraman ², Subashri Vasudevan ³, N. Murali ⁴

Affiliations
1 Ancient Technologies, Chennai, IN
2 VIT University, Vellore, IN
3 B.S. Abdur Rahman University, Chennai, IN
4 Nizwa College of Engineering, OM

Abstract

The paper mainly aims at optimizing, restoring and reconfiguring the faulty area in a distribution network by locating and isolating the faulty block. Restoration involves changing the switch status to maximize the supply to loads that are left unsupplied after fault removal, after that system optimization is done using reconfiguration. In the proposed system restoration and reconfiguration process is achieved in 16 bus system and simultaneously load flow analysis is performed before and after the fault and the same is verified in MATLAB. Optimization using BPSO is done in order to get the most stable configuration for restoration process by minimizing the LBI (load balancing index). FPGA is used to generate the pulses in order to control the switch status and finally the results are verified and compared with the FPGA hardware kit.

Keywords

FPGA, BPSO, LBI.

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R. Sivaraman ¹, V. Sandeep ², K. V. Shriram ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Sensor System Technology, VIT University, Vellore, IN
2 Aricent Technologies, IN
3 VLSI Design, VIT University, Vellore, IN

Abstract

This paper mainly aims at developing a FPGA-based speed controller for a synchronous machine with an internal current control loop based on a predictive current controller. Due to the complex computation schemes, predictive current controllers implemented in a full digital system are characterized by an inevitable delay in calculating and applying the switching states to the inverter. Consequently, their performances are affected and the achieved sampling frequency is limited. These digital control limitations are mainly due to the processing speed versus computational complexity trade-off. To cope up with this problem, specific digital hardware technology such as FPGA can be used as an alternative digital solution to ensure fast processing operation and to preserve performances of predictive current controllers in spite of their complex computation schemes. In order to illustrate this, an FPGA implementation of a synchronous machine speed controller based on a predictive current controller is presented and fully analyzed in this work.

Keywords

FPGA, Predictive Current Controller, Synchronous Motor.

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R. Sivaraman ¹, Shriram K. Vasudevan ², N. Murali ³

Affiliations
1 S.S.T, VIT University, IN
2 VIT University, IN
3 Engineering University, State of Oman, OM

Abstract

The main aim of this paper is to implement (Society of Automotive electronics) SAE J1939 protocol standard which is a CAN based communication, for one of control units in the vehicle called Instrument Cluster, which acts as a gateway between driver and vehicle ECUs. In networking ECUs in heavy duty vehicles, it is J1939 protocol plays a key role. J1939 addresses inter ECU communication and Diagnostics of individual ECUs. This paper addresses Diagnostics part of the protocol layer along with other low level layers like Transport and Network. Part of the data link layer by default is taken care by CAN protocol alone and rest as specified in J1939 standard. SAE International has more than 121,000 members - engineers, business executives, educators, and students from more than 97 countries - who share information and exchange ideas for advancing the engineering of mobility systems. Our paper mainly concerned with design preparation, programming the microcontroller, interfacing the microcontroller and the hardware, final integration and testing of the complete system.

Keywords

SAE, Microcontroller, Monitoring.

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Shriram K. Vasudevan ¹, S. Karthick ², R. Sivaraman ³

Affiliations
1 Sense, VIT University, IN
2 VIT University, IN
3 S.S.T, VIT University, IN

Abstract

Embedded Systems are playing a vital role in all the fields. Everything is embedded system in the modern world now a days right from the AC to Pacemaker including so many other applications as well. So we thought of making use of embedded system in the field of Medicine. And most importantly our eyes! We are trying to deploy microcontroller for intraocular pressure monitoring as glaucoma is the origin of blindness, in which the optic nerve is damaged, leading to advance and permanent loss of vision. It is found that raised intraocular pressure is a major risk factor for developing glaucoma (above 22mmHg or 2.9Kpa). In fact 6 million individuals are blind in both eyes from this disease. Often glaucoma has no symptoms, which can suddenly result in vision loss and it requires early detection, regular eye exams and treatment to prevent the eye sight. A number of medications are currently in use to treat glaucoma and we have given the complete set up details and implementation ideas as well along with clear analysis of results for detecting intraocular pressure in the eye in order to prevent glaucoma. Many researches are going out to find the cause for increasing the fluid pressure in the human eye and to improve its diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords

Embedded Systems, Glaucoma, Monitoring, Microcontroller.

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Shriram K. Vasudevan ¹, R. Sivaraman ², Subashri Vasudevan ³, N. Murali ⁴

Affiliations
1 Aricent Technologies, Chennai, IN
2 SENSE, VIT University, Vellore, IN
3 B.S. Abdur Rahman University, Chennai, IN
4 Nizwa College of Engineering, Oman, IN

Abstract

Improper tire pressure is a safety issue that is often overlooked or ignored. A drop in tire pressure by just a few pounds per square inch (PSI) can result in the reduction of gas mileage, tire life, safety, and vehicle performance. To address this problem, an automated system that will alleviate the need for actively monitoring tire pressure was designed. This report documents the design process for an onboard tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) consisting of transmitter in each tire and a central receiver. The Pressure data is transferred to the central receiver through wireless transmission. The system takes periodic tire pressure readings and warns the driver at abnormal pressure readings. TPMS comes with several pre-defined tire pressure settings and allows the user to enter their own pressure setting if needed. Pressure settings, current pressures and flat/leak notifications are all displayed on a liquid crystal display (LCD) located in the dash. This system will take the maintenance out of upholding tire pressure and increase tire life, fuel efficiency and vehicle safety and performance. The system development process constitutes of defining the product requirements, Transmitter sensor selection, PCB design, circuit verification, and software development, testing and integrated testing.

Keywords

TPMS, Transmitter, Receiver, Microcontroller, SP37 Sensor, TPMS Battery Life.

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R. Sivaraman ¹, R. Parameshwaran ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Computing, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

This paper proposes enhanced parallel adder architectures with low power and reduced area. It includes, design of three different parallel adders such as Ripple Carry Adder (RCA), Carry Look ahead Adder (CLA) and Carry Select Adder (CSA). All three adders are designed in Gate Diffusion Interface (GDI) technique as well as traditional CMOS method. Adder is a basic common combinational digital circuit. Adders are important components in signal processing, image and video processing applications. So it is essential to have compact, low power adder design for these application fields. GDI based digital system design offers reduction in power consumption and area over head. When compared to traditional CMOS based design, GDI uses very less transistor to implement a function. The GDI and CMOS methods are taken in to account for the comparison of design parameters such as design layout, node to node delay, total power dissipation and speed of operation. All three parallel adders are designed in traditional CMOS as well as GDI method. The simulations are done using Microwind2 and DSCH2 analysis software tools and the results between those two types are listed below. This proposed adder circuits can be used in all high speed multipliers and filter designs where low power and reduced area is a major concern.

Keywords

Area, Combinational Circuits, Parallel Adders, Digital Design, Power.

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