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B. Karpagavalli ¹, S. Amutha ², T. Padmini ³, R. Palanisamy ⁴, K. Chandrakumar ⁵

Affiliations
1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Home Science College and Research Institute, Madurai – 625 104, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Human Development, Home Science College and Research Institute, Madurai – 625 104, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Apparel Designing & Fashion Technology, Home Science College and Research Institute, Madurai – 625 104, Tamil Nadu, IN
4 Department of Family Resource Management, Home Science College and Research Institute, Madurai – 625 104, Tamil Nadu, IN
5 Department of Soil and Environment, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai – 625 104, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Amla (Emblica officinalis) is an important crop indigenous to Indian subcontinent which is used in alternative medicine, health foods and herbal products. It is also found to be a rich source of ascorbic acid and other bioactive substances as compared to any other fruits. The current research work was taken to study the effect of processing on retention of antioxidant components in value added amla products. Amla juice, amla ready to serve (RTS) beverage, amla squash and amla candy were prepared by following standard procedures as by the FPO specifications of Indian standards. Ascorbic acid content, total poly phenols, total flavonoids, tannins and total antioxidant activity were analysed in the prepared products immediately after the preparation and the results were taken for comparison with fresh amla towards finding out the retention of the antioxidant components during processing. Sensory qualities of the prepared products were evaluated. Among the processed amla products the antioxidant components were found maximum in juice followed by candy, squash and RTS. Amla squash scored highest for overall acceptability followed by RTS, candy and juice. Amla being rich in antioxidants should be minimally processed to retain its bioactive components.

Keywords

Amla, Ascorbic acid, Poly phenols, Flavonoids, Antioxidant Activity

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R. Palanisamy ¹, K. Vijayakumar ¹, K. Selvakumar ¹, D. Karthikeyan ¹, G. Santhoshkumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of EEE, SRM University, Chennai – 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: This paper illuminatessimulation and modelling of 5-level single phase Z-source based cascaded scheme inverter and its progress for output voltage twice the applied input voltage. Methods/Analysis: Z-source network utilizes a unique impedence network (L-C) combinations to connect with 5-level cascaded inverter, which gives unique features that cannot be obtained from the conventional inverter citcuits. Z-source network trounce the various restrictions of conventional voltage source inverter and current source inverters like reduced losses, voltage stress, improved output voltage. By using the shoot-through conditions the duty ratio of the proposed system can be speckled to achieve better output source voltage compare to conventional methods. This method is imitation using matlab - simulink with experimental results are verified using dsPIC controller. Findings: Z-source cascaded type H-bridge inverter facilitates to boost functional source voltage without any conservative dc - dc boost converters. The output source voltage of the planned system increased twice that of conventional inverter system and better current control is achieved.SPWM technique used to contorl the power switches placed in the proposed system. Novelty/ Improvement: The total harmonic level in the proposed system diminished and voltage stress in the each power switches also reduced. The method keeps away from the convention of dc/dc converter, diminishes the expenditure of the scheme and reduces voltage stress in the switches.

Keywords

Cascaded Type H-Bridge Inverter (CHBI), Matlab/simulink, Sinusoidal based Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM), Z-source Network.

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R. Palanisamy ¹, K. Vijayakumar ¹, A. U Mutawakkil ²

Affiliations
1 Department of EEE, SRM University, Chennai – 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Bayero University, Kano, NG

Abstract

Objectives: We present the simulation of fuzzy control method for haul out the highest power source from the photovoltaic (PV) scheme with change in value of temperature and under variable value of solar irradiations. Methods/Analysis: The schemerigging the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) as a MPPT controller is to take out the highest voltage and power source profile from PV scheme under variable temperature and solar irradiations. The dc-dc converter is used to boost the tracked voltage from the PV system and it fed to the 2 level voltage source inverter. Matlab/simulink worn as a software instrument to verify the simulation results of the projected scheme. Findings: The fuzzy logic controller (FLC) output power and voltage levels are compared with other MPPT algorithms and the output voltage attainment from the 2-level VSI circuit superior. The membership function of FLC for PV voltage and current sampled with variations of solar irradiations and temperature change. DC-DC conventional boost converter used for recuperating the output voltage source of the PV scheme method. Novelty/Improvement: Fuzzy logic controller stand MPPT can pull out the highest power from PV system compare to other conventional MPPT algorithms. Therefore overall proposed system output voltage can be enhanced.

Keywords

Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) Technique,Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) System, Photovoltaic (PV) Array, Voltage Source Inverter (VSI).

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R. Palanisamy ¹, K. Vijayakumar ¹, Komari Nikhil ¹, Madhumathi Iyer ¹, Ramachandar Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of EEE, SRM University, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: This paper elucidates on proposed SVM for grid connected system using dual inverters to get improved output voltage and better current control with less switching loss and THD. Methods/Analysis: The system incorporates PV array, MPPT and boost converter which multiplies the output of the PV array. The split inductor used in this proposed system, which evades the treatment of the conventional transformer and the stepped output is converted into sinusoidal AC output and which gives better synchronization to ac applications. Split inductor reduces the shoot through problem, leakage current problem, reduces the defeat in the scheme and reduces the expenditure of the scheme. The proposed SVM algorithm is used as PWM controller for this dual inverter. This proposed scheme is simulated using Matlab/Simulink and the experimental outcomes are verified using the dsPIC controller. Findings: The proposed system is used for the conversion of the alternating current waveform and it eliminates the total harmonic distortion. This scheme aspires at reducing switching losses and to switching control easier than conventional system. The proposed SVM controls the capacitor balancing problems avoided by dual inverter instead of using multilevel inverter. Application/Improvement: This method provides improved output voltage and better current control compare to SPWM and conventional controllers. And Total Harmonic Distortion of the system reduces less than that of IEEE standard.

Keywords

Boost Converter, Grid System, Multilevel Inverter (MLI), MPPT –P and O Method, Proposed SVM (Space Vector Modulation), PV Array, Split Inductor.

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R. Palanisamy ¹, K. Vijayakumar ¹, K. Selvakumar ¹, D. Karthikeyan ¹, G. Santhoshkumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of EEE, SRM University, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: The implementation of five phase three level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) inverter is illustrated using space vector modulation technique based on the optimized five vectors switching strategy. Methods/Analysis: In 5 phases 3 levels NPC inverter consists of 243 switching state vectors, which can be reduced to 113 states by optimized Space Vector Modulation (SVM) switching strategy. The system has 11 sectors, which is converted into 6 sectors in that sub regions can be identified by optimised technique in d-q voltage vector. Simulation results of the five phase three level neutral point clamped inverter using SVM verified using Matlab/Simulink. Findings: SVM utilities switching states among the available various redundant states to reduce the common mode voltage and capacitor balancing problem. Dwell time calculations for this proposed does not need of any lockup table and park transformation. It’s applicable for high power medium voltage, remote sensing and industrial applications. Novelty/Improvement: The 3level 5phase NPC inverter has improved power density of the machine, enhanced dissection of power source among the inverter legs, abridged amplitude and augmented frequency of the torque pulsation than the traditional inverters.

Keywords

Neutral Point Clamped Inverter (NPCI), Optimised Space Vector Modulation (OSVM), Pulse Width Modulation Method (PWM), Switching States.

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R. Palanisamy ¹, K. Vijayakumar ¹, S. Abhinav ¹, R. Prasanna ¹, T. Yogesh ¹

Affiliations
1 SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai -600048, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: This paper proposes an improved Neutral Point Clamped 3-Level Inverter (NPC-TLI) that is suitable for transformer-less Photovoltaic (PV) grid connected system. Methods/Analysis: The use of NPC topology guarantees the reduction of shoot-through risk and helps keep common mode voltage in check. The inverter is controlled by Hysteresis Space Vector Modulation algorithm which helps to decrease Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) factor in the output. The proposed system simulation results were verified using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Findings: Furthermore, the use of a split inductor helps to avoid the use of a transformer, hence, reducing the size, leakage current and the voltage stress in the inverter. The input of the system is derived from a PV source whose output can be synchronized with a grid connected system. Novelty/ Improvement: The use of SVVC using hexagonal hysteresis areas ensures reduced THD and improved DC link voltage balancing in the capacitors of the NPC configuration. Reduced common mode voltage, and switching losses are other added benefits of the inverter configuration.

Keywords

Hysteresis Space Vector Modulation (HSVM), Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Multilevel Inverter (MLI), Neutral Point Clamping (NPC), PV System.

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R. Palanisamy ¹, K. Sathiyasekar ², P. L. N. Ramesh ³, K. G. Parthiban ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering, Builders Engineering College, IN
2 Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering, Prathyusha Engineering College, IN
3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Prathyusha Engineering College, IN
4 Department of Electrical Sciences, Adithya Institute of Technology, IN

Abstract

Distributed Generation systems (DGs) using solar is one of the new trends of power generation. These distributed generating units are integrated to form a micro grid and to serve the loads among the locality, which is in connection with the utility grid for power exchange. These distributed generation systems can be operated at two modes, Grid connected mode, and standalone mode. Distributed Generation (DGs) can provide high reliability by providing on-site generation and its advantages like the elimination of transmission losses, utilization of green fuels and reduction of load demand upon the utility grid resulting in a reduction of fossil fuel consumption. Many DGs are available like Photovoltaic (PV) cells, wind turbine, diesel and small hydro systems. However the output of solar arrays varies due to change of solar irradiation and weather conditions. In this work Altruistic Transformative method based HOMER design tool is used for the simulation and analysis of the solar power system which simplifies the task of evaluating designs. HOMER’s optimization and sensitivity analysis algorithms make it easier to assess a possible number of design configurations. It provides highly possible simulation results compared to the other conventional techniques. Over 95% efficiency is achieved by using an Altruistic Transformative method based HOMER solar grid design, when compared with other techniques like Fuzzy and Incremental Conductance (INC).

Keywords

Photovoltaic System, Distributed Generators, HOMER Software, Boost Converter, Grid Tie Inverter, Fuzzy Logic Controller.

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