Informatics Publishing Limited

S. Shamy ¹, A. Aaradhya ², A. G. Kumar ³, R. Madhan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Coventry University, Coventry, GB
2 Coventry University, Coventry, IN
3 Maya Corporate Paramedical Research Institute, Cheyyar, Tamilnadu, IN
4 Maya Corporate Paramedical Research Institute Cheyyar, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Introduction: Postoperative pulmonary complications are the leading cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality and increase in the length of stay in hospital, medical consumption, and expenses. Physiotherapy treatment for patients with post-operative pulmonary complications consists of a variety of interventions which includes lung expansion exercises, secretion clearance techniques, limb exercises, progressive mobilisation programs, and other techniques.

Aims&Objectives: To explore and present the evidence of the effectiveness of physiotherapy in the management of PPCs, the barriers for physiotherapy in critical care, the techniques and the physiological effects of Physiotherapy through a literature based review.

Search Method: All relevant databases like AMED, CINAHL, PUBMED and Cochrane databases for systematic reviews were searched and evaluated to find the relevant researches on the topic.

Conclusions: Non-invasive respiratory muscle aids are recommended in the treatment of atelectasis and pneumonia that occur after abdominal surgery.

Keywords

Physiotherapy, Exercises, Atelectasis, Pneumonia, Spirometry, Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing (IPPB), Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)

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Antonio Mascarenhas ¹, Nitin Dabholkar ¹, Jayu Narvekar ¹, Shivanand Prabhudesai ¹, Siddharth Ghatkar ¹, Sadaf Ansari ¹, Pramod Maurya ¹, Elgar Desa ¹, Anand Lokapure ¹, Surekha Nagvekar ¹, Gajanan Navelkar ¹, R. Madhan ¹, Fernando Vijayan ¹, Vidish Shetye ¹, Llewellyn Fernandes ¹, Sanjeev Afzulpurkar ¹, T. Suresh ¹

Affiliations
1 National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, IN

Abstract

The seabed resident event-driven profiling system (SREP) was deployed in the northeastern Arabian Sea for winter convention studies. SREP is an autonomous profiling system consisting of two parts: a stationary seabed unit and a positively buoyant tethered profiling unit (profiler). It offers a novel and optimized approach to profiling in coastal waters from close to seabed (14.63 m above seabed) to the sea surface. The seabed unit houses an underwater winch system, underwater acoustic modem, pressure sensor, low-power electronics, batteries and divinylcell hydraulic crush point foam for subsea applications. The profiler houses a suite of oceanographic sensors: conductivity– temperature–depth, DO, chlorophyll, PAR, underwater acoustic modem, low-power electronics, batteries and divinylcell hydraulic crush point foam for subsea applications. The underwater winch system on the seabed unit spools out and spools in the profiler throughout the water column. Data acquisition on the profiler is done during ascending. The profiler ascends gradually in the water column at an average velocity of 20 cm/s. The seabed unit and the profiling unit communicate using a pair of underwater acoustic modems operating at 18–34 kHz. SREP was developed to obtain time-series water column measurements of coastal waters during the summer monsoon season (June–September) when the sea wave and wind conditions are extreme, thus making it difficult to deploy profiling packages from the ship. A description of SREP and observations made during the field deployment are presented in this article.

Keywords

Coastal Waters, Profiling System, Seabed Unit, Technology Demonstration, Winter Convention Studies.

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K. Selvakumar ¹, R. Madhan ¹, G. Srinivasan ¹, V. Baskar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Biosciences, BioLim Centre for Life Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Antioxidants research has become active to a greater extent in many fields. The publications on antioxidants' potential, their availability from vitamins, flavonoids, polyphenols etc has increased too many folds since past decade. Several reviews have also been published on validated and specific assays. This review summarises the versatility of antioxidants against the free radicals, their dual mechanism of action and the chemical principles of many antioxidant assays. The antioxidants assay is a complex topic due to the unavailabilty of a standard assay. This review intends to be comprehensive to cover almost all the reported assays which have few influence and applications. Choosing an adequate assay is critical to investigate the antioxidant activity of foods and biological samples. Two general types such as; lipid peroxidation associated assays and electron or radical scavenging assays are widely used for different antioxidant studies have been discussed here. The former includes, β-carotene bleaching assay, anti-lipid peroxidation assay involving TCA-TBA solution and the latter includes ABTS (2, 2'-azino-bis3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic) radical cation decolorisation assay, DPPH (1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, superoxide anion scavenging activity assay, ferrous ion-chelating assay etc. The chemistry behind all the above mentioned assays has been reviewed here emphasising the need of discovery of a convenient method for the quick quantitation of antioxidants.

Keywords

Free Radicals, ROS, Antioxidants, Assays, Lipid Peroxidation, Radical Scavenging.

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