Informatics Publishing Limited

R. Buvaneswari ¹, Murali Mohan ¹

Affiliations
1 JSS College of Nursing, Saraswathipuram Mysore, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Background When kids anticipate "going to the doctor", many become worried and apprehensive about the visit. Some fears and guilt feelings surface easily, so that kids can talk about them. Others are harbored secretly and remain unspoken. Health care experiences often involve separating children from family, friends&familiar environments. Invasion of the child's privacy&threats to body integrity are not uncommon. All of these experiences are threatening to children&will, depending on the child, produce some level of fear of medical experiences Methods The descriptive survey method was used. Samples comprised of 100 school children between the age group of 10-12 years and studying 6th&7th standard. Convenient sampling technique was used to obtain a sample. Data was collected by using Child Medical Fears Scale. Results The majority of children (50%) were in the age of 11 years. 53% of children were boys&47% were girls. 50% of children were studying 6th standard and another 50% studying 7th standard. Majority of children (98%) had previous exposure to medical services. Majorities (64%) of children were having less fear toward medical experiences&there was no significant association between levels of fear of medical experiences among school children and their selected personal variables. Conclusion The study concluded that children were having less fear toward medical experiences. There was no association between the level of fear toward medical experiences among school children and their selected personal variables.

Keywords

Fear, Medical Experiences, Children.

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K. Sudha ¹, R. Buvaneswari ², P. V. Pothigaimalai ¹, N. Subasri ²

Affiliations
1 Sengamala Thayaar Educational Trust Womens College, Mannargudi, IN
2 Srimad Andavan Arts & Science College (Autonomous), No.7 Nelson Road, T.V.Kovil, Trichy – 05, IN

Abstract

Gold has been used throughout history as money and has been a relative standard for currency equivalents specific to economic regions or countries, until recent times. Many European countries implemented gold standards in the latter part of the 19th century until these were temporarily suspended in the financial crises involving World War I After World War II, the Bretton Woods system pegged the United States dollar to gold at a rate of US$35 per troy ounce. The system existed until the 1971 Nixon Shock, when the US unilaterally suspended the direct convertibility of the United States dollar to gold and made the transition to a fiat currency system. The last currency to be divorced from gold was the Swiss Franc in 2000. Since 1919 the most common benchmark for the price of gold has been the London gold fixing, a twice-daily telephone meeting of representatives from five bullion-trading firms of the London bullion market. Furthermore, gold is traded continuously throughout the world based on the intraday spot price, derived from over-the-counter gold-trading markets around the world (code "XAU"). The following table sets forth the gold price versus various assets and key statistics on the basis of data taken with the frequency of five years.Gold is the most popular as an investment. Investors generally buy gold as a hedge or harbor against economic, political, or social fiat currency crises (including investment market declines, burgeoning national debt, currency failure, inflation, war and social unrest). The gold market is subject to speculation as are other markets, especially through the use of futures contracts and derivatives. Gold price has shown a long term correlation with the price of crude oil. This suggests a reason why gold is sold off during economic weakness.

Keywords

XAU, Economic, Investment Returns.

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