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G. P. Narolia ¹, R. S. Yadav ², M. L. Reager ³, R. S. Narolia ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Agricultural Research Station (MPUA&T), Kota, Rajasthan, IN
2 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture (SKRAU), Bikaner, Rajasthan, IN
3 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jalore, Rajasthan, IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at instructional farm of College of Agriculture, Bikaner, Rajasthan to study the effect of levels and scheduling of nitrogen application on N content and uptake of malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as affected by sowing dates during winter seasons of 2005-06 and 2006-07. The experiment was laid out in the split plot design with four replications on loamy sand soil. The growing environments and nitrogen levels were in main plot and nitrogen scheduling in the sub-plots. The results showed that significantly higher nitrogen content at pre-anthesis, in grain and straw, nitrogen uptake by grain and straw and total uptake of malt barley was observed under normal sown condition compared to late sown condition on two years pooled basis. Further, application of increasing levels of nitrogen from 60 to 90 kg ha^-1 significantly enhanced nitrogen content at pre-anthesis, in grain and straw, nitrogen uptake by grain and straw and total uptake of malt barley. Scheduling of nitrogen at 1/3 as basal + 1/3 at I^st irrigation + 1/3 at II^nd irrigation brought a substantial improvement in nitrogen content at pre-anthesis, in grain and straw, nitrogen uptake by grain and straw and total uptake of malt barley.

Keywords

Nitrogen Content And Uptake, Nitrogen Levels, Date of Sowing, Malt Barley

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G. P. Narolia ¹, R. S. Yadav ², R. S. Narolia ², M. L. Reager ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture (SKRAU), Bikaner, Rajasthan, IN
2 Department of Agronomy, Agricultural Research Station (MPUA&T), Kota, Rajasthan, IN
3 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jalore, Rajasthan, IN

Abstract

The field experiment was conducted to find out the effect of nitrogen levels and its split application on yield attributes, yield and economics of malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under normal and late sown conditions during winter seasons of 2005-06 and 2006-07. The results showed that significantly higher effective tillers / m row, spike length, grains / spike, test weight, grain, straw and biological yield, harvest index and net returns of malt barley were observed under normal sown condition compared to late sown condition. Further, application of increasing levels of nitrogen from 60 to 90 kg ha^-1 significantly enhanced effective tillers / m row, spike length, grains / spike, test weight, grain, straw and biological yield, harvest index and net returns of malt barley. Scheduling of nitrogen at 1/3 as basal + 1/3 at I^st irrigation + 1/3 at II^nd irrigation brought a substantial improvement in above yield attributing characters and yields, harvest index and net returns of malt barley.

Keywords

Effective Tillers, Spike Length, Grains per Spike, Grain And Straw Yield, Nitrogen Levels, Growing Environments, Scheduling Of Nitrogen Application, Malt Barley

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G. P. Narolia ¹, R. S. Yadav ², R. S. Narolia ³, M. L. Reager ⁴

Affiliations
1 Agricultural Research Station (M.P.U.A.T.), Udaipur, Rajasthan, IN
2 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture (S.K.R.A.U.) Bikaner, Rajasthan, IN
3 Department of Agronomy, Agricultural Research Station (M.P.U.A.T.), Kota, Rajasthan, IN
4 Department of Agronomy, Krishi Vigyan Kendra (S.K.R.A.U.) Keshwana, Jalore, Rajasthan, IN

Abstract

The field experiment was conducted to find out the effect of levels and scheduling of nitrogen application on growth parameters of malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as affected by sowing dates during winter seasons of 2005-06 and 2006-07. The results showed that significantly higher growth attributing characters viz., leaf weight, stem weight, dry matter accumulation and heat unit efficiency of malt barley at 60 DAS, anthesis, 10 days after anthesis and at physiological maturity and spike weight only at anthesis, 10 days after anthesis and at physiological maturity of malt barley was observed under normal sown condition compared to late sown condition. Further, application of increasing levels of nitrogen from 60 to 90 kg ha^-1 significantly enhanced plant height, total number of tillers, leaf weight, stem weight, dry matter accumulation and heat unit efficiency of malt barley at 60 DAS, anthesis, 10 days after anthesis and at physiological maturity and spike weight only at anthesis, 10 days after anthesis and at physiological maturity of malt barley. Scheduling of nitrogen at 1/3 as basal + 1/3 at I^st irrigation + 1/3 at II^nd irrigation brought a substantial improvement in growth attributing characters viz., leaf weight, stem weight, spike weight, dry matter accumulation and heat unit efficiency at anthesis, 10 days after anthesis and at physiological maturity of malt barley.

Keywords

Plant Height, Total Number of Tillers, Leaf Weight, Stem Weight, Spike Weight, Dry Matter Accumulation, Heat Unit Efficiency, Nitrogen Levels, Growing Environments, Nitrogen Scheduling, Malt Barley

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G. P. Narolia ¹, R. S. Yadav ², M. L. Reager ³, R. S. Narolia ⁴

Affiliations
1 Agricultural Research Station (M.P.U.A.T.), Udaipur, Rajasthan, IN
2 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, S.K. Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan, IN
3 Department of Agronomy, Krishi Vigyan Kendra (S.K.R.A.U.) Keshwana, Jalore, Rajasthan, IN
4 Department of Agronomy, Agricultural Research Station (M.P.U.A.T.) Kota, Rajasthan, IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of nitrogen levels and its split application on growth, yield and quality of malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under normal and late sown conditions during winter seasons of 2005-06 and 2006-07 at Agronomy Farm, College of Agriculture,Bikaner. The results showed that significantly higher different quality parameters like as screening percentage, grain protein concentration and husk content of malt barley was observed under late sown condition compared to normal sown condition.While, plumpness and average grain weight was significantly higher under normal sown. Further, application of increasing levels of nitrogen from 60 to 90 kg ha^-1 significantly enhanced grain protein concentration, average grain weight and alpha amylase activity of malt barley. While, starch concentration and husk content was significantly higher under 60 kg N ha^-1. Scheduling of nitrogen at 1/3 as basal +1/3 at I^st irrigation +1/3 at II^nd irrigation brought a substantial improvement in grain protein concentration, plumpness and alpha amylase activity while starch concentration and husk content was decreased as compared to two splits viz.,½ at basal + ½ at I^st irrigation, 2/3 at basal +1/3 at I^st irrigation, 3/4 at basal +1/4 at I^st irrigation and full basal. Scheduling of N in three equal splits affect the quality of malt barley grains. The prescribed limit as per Indian standards in North-Western Rajasthan conditions.

Keywords

Screening Percentage, Grain Protein Concentration, Starch Concentration, Plumpness, Average Grain Weight, Husk Content, Alpha Amylase Activity, Nitrogen Levels, Sowing Dates, Scheduling of Nitrogen Application, Malt Barley

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Garima Gupta ¹, R. S. Yadav ¹, Deepak Maurya ², S. V. Mishra ³

Affiliations
1 National Research Centre for Agroforestry, Jhansi, U.P., IN
2 Central Soil and Water Conservation Training and Research Institute, Dehradun Uttarakhand, IN
3 Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi, IN

Abstract

Agroforestry provides many direct and indirect benefits to the society. It not only meets the requirement of fuel, fodder, food, furniture, farm implements, employment etc. but also enriches soil, increases biodiversity, sequester C, prevent soil erosion, conserve water etc. For soil enrichment, trees capture nutrients from deeper layers and add to the surface soil through leaf shedding (litterfall) and incorporation of pruned biomass. Litterfall and pruned biomass consequent upon the decomposition, release nutrients and results cumulative build up and/or sustain soil fertility. Thus understanding the processes and mechanism of soil enrichment in tree based cropping systems is necessary. Therefore, the present study was undertaken at the research farm of National Research Centre for Agroforestry during 2006-2007. The results revolve that leaves formed the major component of the total litter followed by petiole, fruit and bark. Leaves formed 67.7, 67.8, 69.7 and 70.4 per cent of the total litter under A. procera un-pruned + fallow, A. procera unpruned + cropping, A. procera pruned 50 per cent + cropping, and A. procera pruned 70 per cent + cropping, respectively. Annually, litter production under these systems varied between 6.32 - 26.0 kg tree-1. It is observed that quantity of N, P and K addition through litter fall of MPTs depends on the nature of MPTs, amount of litter fall, season, nutrient composition, canopy structure/geometry and canopy positions underneath. In irrespective of A. procera based land uses and pruning regimes therein, maximum amounts of N, P and K addition in winter followed by summer and rainy season coincided with the amounts of litter fall in respective seasons.

Keywords

Agroforestry System, Soil Enrichment, Nutrient Release, Litterfall, Pruned Biomass

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Arun Kumar ¹, D. N. Singh ², R. S. Yadav ³

Affiliations
1 Panchmahal District Co-operative Milk Producers Union Ltd., (GUJARAT), IN
2 College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, MATHURA (U.P.), IN
3 Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, HISAR, (HARYANA), IN

Abstract

The experiment was conducted on 18 buffalo calves of about 1-3 months of age to find effects of three different calf starters (differing on the source of protein) on the behavioural response and cost of rearing. The calves were divided into three groups (six calves in each group) randomly under three treatments i.e. T₁, T₂ and T₃. In T₁ group groundnut cake, T₂ group soyabean and in T₃ group mustard cake with fish meal (10 %) as protein source, respectively with green fodder and bhusa was fed ad lib. Average eating time spent during day time by the calves were 215.53 ± 8.703, 213.16 ± 9.841 and 182.03 ± 10.318 minutes and the corresponding figures for rumination and resting time spent during day time were 130.07 ± 5.397, 168.17 ± 6.742 and 152.0 ± 11.475 minutes and 280.57 ± 14.988, 274.77 ± 18.566 and 226.03 ± 18.540 minutes in T₁, T₂ and T₃ groups, respectively revealed that feeding behaviour was significantly influenced by the treatments. The eating time was significantly (P<0.05) low in T₃ as compared to T₁ and T₂. However, there was no significant difference between T₁ and T₂. The rumination time was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T₂ as compared to T₃. The rearing cost per kg body weight gain was Rs. 33.86, 26.91 and 32.56 in T₁, T₂ and T₃, respectively. The cost per kg body weight gain was less in T₂ followed by T₁ and T₃.

Keywords

Behaviour, Calf Starter, Feed Conversion Efficiency, Rearing Cost.

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Ravinder Kumar ¹, P. Mishra ¹, G. Singh ¹, R. S. Yadav ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agric. & Tech., Meerut, 250110 (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Two fungicides (carboxin and thiram) and two bio-control agents (Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma harzianum) were evaluated as seed treatment in different combinations against Sclerotium rolfsii, the causal organism of collar rot of chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Seed treated with T. harzianum (4g/kg seed) + carboxin (0.5g/kg seed) provided maximum protection to the crop by giving maximum seedling emergence (495.0/20 m²), final plant stand (480.4/20m²) and grain yield (18.2q/ha). Other treatment combinations significantly increased seedling emergence, final plant stand and grain yield compared to control.

Keywords

Carboxin, Pseudomonas fluoresceus, Sclerotium rolfsii, Seed Treatment, Thiram, Trichoderma harzianum.

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