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Santra, Priyabrata
- Influence of Seed Size and Sowing Depth on Emergence and Growth Performance of Salvadora oleoides in the Indian Thar Desert
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 138, No 7 (2012), Pagination: 646-651Abstract
Series of trials on Salvadora oleoides were conducted to standardize the package of practices for large-scale raising of seedlings for afforestation programmes in the Indian Thar desert with the major focus on the influence of seed size and sowing depth on seedling emergence and subsequent growth. Among different combinations of seed size and sowing depth, large sized seeds (≥0.04 g) planted at 0.5 cm depth showed significantly higher emergence per centage, seedling height, leaves plant, and dry weight of seedling than other seed size and sowing depth combinations. The study revealed that placement of large sized seeds at shallow depth may result in successful raising of this species in nursery and thus may help in successful implementation of afforestation programmes in the Indian Thar desert.Keywords
Salvadora Oleoides, Seed Size, Planting Depth, Seedling Emergence, Seedling Height, Seedling Weight, Leaves
- Solar PV Pumping System for Irrigation Purpose and its Economic Comparison with Grid-Connected Electricity and Diesel Operated Pumps
Authors
1 ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Economics and Development, Vol 4, No 4 (2016), Pagination: 1-7Abstract
Objectives: Use of solar PV (SPV) pumping system for irrigation has recently been increased significantly specially under the national solar mission and these pumps may replace conventional electric or diesel pumps.
Methods/Statistical analysis: In this paper, economics of SPV pumping system has been evaluated through life cycle cost (LCC). In LCC analysis, capital cost, future maintenance cost and replacement cost are converted to present worth value considering inflation rate and discount rate during its total life cycle. Annualized life cycle cost (ALCC) of solar PV pumping system has been further compared with conventionally used grid connected electric pumps and diesel pumps.
Findings:The analysis revealed that the annualized life cycle cost (ALCC) of PV pumping system is lower than grid connected electric pumps and diesel pumps. For example, the ALCC for a 5 HP capacity SPV pumping system was found ₹56,620, whereas it were ₹60,475 and ₹1,19,664 for grid connected electricity operated pumps and diesel pumps, respectively. It has also been observed that the initial capital cost for solar PV pumping system is higher than grid connected electric pumps and diesel pumps. However, the maintenance cost and replacement cost are lower for PV pumping system.
Application/Improvements: Apart from economic advantage, PV pumps have additional benefits of using it for domestic and farm needs. Therefore PV pumping system may be considered as the first choice by farmers.
Keywords
Life Cycle Cost, Capital Cost, Maintenance Cost, Solar PV Pumping System, Irrigation.Full Text
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