A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Banerjee, Pradipta
- Degumming of Ramie: Challenge to the Queen of Fibres
Authors
1 National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibre Technology 12, Regent Park, Kolkata – 700040, IN
2 Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrakpore, Kolkata–700 120, IN
Source
International Journal of Bioresource Science, Vol 1, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 37-41Abstract
Ramie is considered as a valuable textile fibre and is known from ancient times. It is considered as the queen of all fibres due to its
lustre as well as high tenacity, enhanced strength and good microbial resistivity. The fibre is extracted from the stem of the plant.
It is an herbaceous perennial growing plant and is one of the oldest vegetable fibres that have been used for thousands of years.
The raw ramie fibres obtained by decortications consists of long fibres in which they are tightly cemented together by gum. The
raw ramie fibre contains high proportion (25-30%) of colloidal pectic gummy substances. It is apparent that removal of gum from
decorticated ramie is necessary to unveil its unique properties and make it suitable for textile purpose. The cost of extraction and
degumming is the major disadvantage of ramie fibre. The process of removal of gum requires chemical, microbial or rather
enzymatic treatment which is difficult to perform in farmers’ level. Literature scan showed that there is hardly any standard method
of degumming. Moreover, no standard method has been found full proof for extraction of textile grade ramie fibre. Therefore, an
integrated methodology which include all the above mentioned conventional methods and non-conventional biotechnological
technologies have been evaluanted to degum raw ramie fibres to obtain the textile grade ramie fibre.
Keywords
Ramie, Degumming, Natural Fibre, Chemical Degumming, Microbial Degumming, Textile
- Redesigning Nature:To Be or not to Be?
Authors
1 Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Dayananda Sagar Institutions, IN
2 School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumarswamy Layout, Bengaluru 560 078, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 112, No 07 (2017), Pagination: 1346-1350Abstract
The concept of designer babies' is indeed intriguing, wherein offspring characteristics can be modified in the embryonic stage by gene editing. Genome editing has got an immense boost with the advent of the Cas/CRISPR technology that utilizes proteins from a bacterial immune system to remove defective genes and replaces them with a rectified edition. The technique is proving to be successful in fighting a host of genetic diseases, including cancer and has even made headway with HIV. The technology has sparked a revolution in genomics with a storm brewing over its patent rights.Keywords
Designer Babies, Genome Editing, Patent Rights, Redesigning Nature.Full Text
References
- Adhikari, K. et al., A genome-wide association scan in admixed Latin Americans identifies loci influencing facial and scalp hair features. Nature Commun., 2016, 7, 10815.
- Gupta, R. M. and Musunuru, K., Expanding the genetic editing tool kit: ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR-Cas9. J. Clin. Invest, 2014, 124, 4154–4161.
- Tong, C. et al., Generating gene knockout rats by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Nature Protoc., 2011, 6, 827–844.
- Jinek, M. et al., A programmable dual-RNA–guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity. Science, 2012, 337, 816–821.
- Cong, L. et al., Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR/Cas systems. Science, 2013, 339, 819–823.
- Mali, P. et al., RNA-guided human genome engineering via Cas9. Science, 2013, 339, 823–826.
- Cho, S. W. et al., Targeted genome engineering in human cells with the Cas9 RNA-guided endonuclease. Nature Biotechnol., 2013, 31, 230–232.
- Bassuk, A. G. et al., Precision medicine: genetic repair of retinitis pigmentosa in patient-derived stem cells. Sci. Rep., 6; doi: 10.1038/srep19969.
- Kang, H. et al., CCR5 disruption in induced pluripotent stem cells using CRISPR/Cas9 provides selective resistance of immune cells to CCR5-tropic HIV-1 Virus. Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids, 2015, 4, (accepted and published online).
- Wang, Z. et al., CRISPR/Cas9-derived mutations both inhibit HIV-1 replication and accelerate viral escape. Cell Rep., 2016, 15, 481–489.
- DiCarlo, J. E. et al., Genome engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using CRISPR-Cas systems. Nucleic Acids Res., 2013, 1–8.
- Sánchez-Rivera, F. J. and Jacks, T., Applications of the CRISPRCas9 system in cancer biology. Nature Rev. Cancer, 2015, 15, 387–395.
- Ni, W. et al., Efficient gene knockout in goats using CRISPR/Cas9 system. PLoS ONE, 2014, 9, e106718.
- Wang, K. et al., Efficient generation of myostatin mutations in pigs using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Sci. Rep., 2015, 5, 16623.
- Crispo, M. et al., Efficient generation of myostatin knock-out sheep using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and microinjection into zygotes. PLoS ONE, 2015, 10, e0136690.
- Wang, X. et al., One-step generation of triple gene-targeted pigs using CRISPR/Cas9 system. Sci. Rep., 2016, 6 (accepted, available online).
- Baltimore, D. et al., A prudent path forward for genomic engineering and germline gene modification. Science, 2015, 348, 36–38.
- Center for Genetics and Society, About human germline gene editing; http://www.geneticsandsociety.org/article.php?id=8711 (accessed on 10 June 2016).
- Regalado, A. CRISPR patent fight now a winner–take–all match. MIT Technol. Rev., 2015; https://www.technologyreview.com/s/ 536736/crispr-patent-fight-now-a-winner-take-all-match/ (accessed on 15 June 2016).
- Hsu, P. D. and Lander, E. S. and Zhang, F., Development and applications of CRISPR–Cas9 for genome engineering. Cell, 2014, 157, 1262–1278.
- Sterckx, S. et al., ‘I prefer a child with …’: designer babies, another controversial patent in the arena of direct-to-consumer genomics. Genet. Med. Off. J. Am. Coll. Med. Genet., 2013, 15, 923–924.
- Evans, M., Designer babies – why not? N. Z. Bioethics. J., 2001, 2, 17–25.