Informatics Publishing Limited

Talwinder Singh ¹, Prabhdeep Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali - 140413, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The main aim of this research paper is to evaluate the bidirectional mode division multiplexing passive optical network employing concept of mode reuse. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this work mode reuse in MDM-PON has been intensifying the field of research due its enormous benefits. But not much work has been reported in this regard till now. In this paper the main focuses on bidirectional PON using MDM for odd modes. Mode reuse concept has been employed for upstream transmission by demodulating it through new data. Findings: While analyzing results it reveals that the upstream transmission at 45Gbps for 48 users has been attained and for downstream, again 48 users have been supported without any amplifier and dispersion compensation. Q-factor of 15 is observed in case of downstream and 11 in case of upstream for 48 users using bidirectional scheme BER of 10^-53 has been observed for downstream and 10^-30 for upstream. Application/Improvement: Use of the bandwidth efficient modulation schemes such as QAM, QPSK and DPQPSK can be studies in this work along with higher order modes. And work can be further extended to increase the data rate.

Keywords

Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM), Passive Optical Network (PON), Time Division Multiplexing (TDM).

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Navpreet Randhawa ¹, Prabhdeep Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharaun, Mohali - 140413, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Objective: The main aim of this research paper is to enhance the reach of Long-haul Coherent Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CO-OFDM) communication system. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The purpose of SPWR and OPC in CO-OFDM system is to palliate dispersion and (Non-linearity) SPM respectively. In this proposed system Symmetrical Pulse Width Reduction (SPWR) and Optical Phase Conjugate modules (OPC) are used. The CO-OFDM system is investigated to compensate SPM by using up to 6 OPCs. Findings: While analyzing results it reveals that with the increase in the number of OPCs up to 6 enhances the transmission distance of CO-OFDM system and improves the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance but if increased beyond 6 OPCs deteriorates its performance. When using six OPCs in comparison to a single OPC, the system reach extends six times. Application/Improvement: The proposed system is simulation based and in future can be implemented commercially in Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) and real-time audio and video communication.

Keywords

Coherent Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, Optical Phase Conjugate, Self Phase Modulation, Symmetrical Pulse Width Reduction.

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Rohit Bhardwaj ¹, Prabhdeep Kaur ¹, Amit Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Chandigarh University, National Highway 95, Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, Punjab - 140413, IN

Abstract

Objectives: Optical fibres are becoming the backbone of communication network due to its huge data carrying capacities. But there are many losses in the data transfer such as crosstalk which can reduce the data carrying capacity of an optical fibre network. Methods: This paper presents a crosstalk immune transmitter diversity hybrid modulation for wavelength division passive optical network, with the incorporation of Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) format for downstream and Non Return-Zero (NRZ) for upstream. Findings: The network becomes less prone to nonlinearities and enables the system to support 6144/512 users. Data rate of system has been achieved for 120 Gbps downstream as each wavelength carry 10 Gbps and total 80 Gbps for upstream. An acceptable Bit Error Rate (BER) range i.e. 10-9 has been attained for a significant distance of 110 Km for both directions. The results have been attained without any dispersion compensation and costly modules only using Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) for downstream. A semiconductor optical amplifier is placed to re modulate data streams. Also comparison is being done by using same transmitter and hybrid transmitters. It is observed that Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) for one direction Non Return-Zero (NRZ) for upstream provide better results. Applications: This model can significantly reduce the crosstalk over an optical fibre network during the transmission of data in upstream and downstream by achieving 80Gbps and 10Gbps respectively

Keywords

Crosstalk, Line Coding Diversity, Hybrid Systems, Transmitter.

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Hitesh Kumar ¹, Prabhdeep Kaur ¹, Amit Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali −140413, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Objective: Optical fibers are the fastest way to transmit the data or information from one place to another without any loss of data. Optical fibers are evolving since their invention, and hence number of researchers is currently working on its evolution Findings: This paper proposed a new approach in Optical Time Division Multiplexing (OTDM) at 240Gbps by incorporating using three different approaches. Different approaches consisting of transmission employing Return- Zero (RZ) transmitter for all time delayed signals, Non Return-Zero (NRZ) for signal and finally hybrid configuration Return-Zero to Non Return-Zero (RZ-NRZ). Hybrid technique is carried out to reduce crosstalk and interference among time multiplexed channels. Methods: The variety of experiments has been carried out under the controlled simulation environment with the help of optic system results reveal that very less crosstalk found in hybrid configuration. Proposed system is designed in such a way that it is capable to support 240gbps Optical Time Division Multiplexing (OTDM) over 180 km with acceptable bit error rate. Applications: The proposed technique is based on hybrid model and hence easily able to meet the huge demand for higher capacity and larger bandwidth, this system is able to provide high speed transmission.

Keywords

Hybrid System, Optical Fibres, OTDM System, Symmetrical Pulse Reshaping.

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Amandeep Kaur ¹, Rehana Ahad ¹, Minakshi Modgill ¹, Mitushi Masih ¹, Navjit Kaur ¹, Navjot Kaur ¹, Parampreet Kaur ¹, Paramveer Kaur ¹, Parveen Kaur Handa ¹, Poonam Sharma ¹, Prabhdeep Kaur ¹, Prabhjot Kaur ¹, Rajdeep Kaur ¹, Rajni ¹

Affiliations
1 Institute of Nursing Education, GTBS (C) Hospital, Ludhiana, IN

Abstract

A descriptive study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on blood donation among the college going students of selected colleges of Ludhiana, Punjab. A quasi experimental study with single group pretest-posttest design was conducted on a total of 50 college going students. Structured Teaching Programme on blood donation was developed. Based on Structured Teaching Programme, a Self Structured Questionnaire was prepared to assess the pretest-posttest knowledge scores of study subjects regarding blood donation. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were used for data analysis. Findings of the study revealed that the mean posttest knowledge scores (23.78) of subjects regarding blood donation were significantly (p<0.01) higher than their pretest knowledge scores (12.64) after administration of Structured Knowledge Programme. In pre-test, maximum 28 (56%) of subjects has average knowledge scores followed by 19 (38%) which were having poor knowledge scores and 2 (4%) who had very poor knowledge scores. Only 1 (2%) had good knowledge score. None of the subject had very good knowledge score in pretest. After administration of Structured Teaching Programme, the level of post knowledge score of subjects increased as in post-test 24 (48%) of subjects students achieved very good knowledge scores followed by 20 (40%) who had good level of knowledge scores. Only 6 (12%) had average knowledge scores. None of the subjects had poor or very poor level of knowledge scores. There were no statistically significant (p>0.05) association between the posttest knowledge scores of the subjects on blood donation and their birth order in the family, habitat, type of family and monthly family income. Hence, administration o f Structured Teaching Programme on blood donation was very effective on college going students.

Keywords

Effectiveness, Structured Teaching Programme, College Going Students.

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