Refine your search
Collections
Co-Authors
Journals
- Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing
- Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
- Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology
- Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Research Journal of Topical and Cosmetic Sciences
- Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology
- The Indian Practitioner
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Gupta, Poonam
- Narratives and their Role in Psychotherapy
Abstract Views :447 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Arti Gupta
1,
Poonam Gupta
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Psychiatry, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
1 Department of Psychiatry, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, Vol 4, No 9 (2013), Pagination: 1799-1801Abstract
No abstractKeywords
Psychotherapy, Narratives
- A Review on Diabetes and Its Management
Abstract Views :1209 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Saroj Institute of Technology and Management, Ahimamau P.O. Arjunganj Sultanpur Road, Lucknow- 226002,Uttar Pradesh, IN
1 Saroj Institute of Technology and Management, Ahimamau P.O. Arjunganj Sultanpur Road, Lucknow- 226002,Uttar Pradesh, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Vol 3, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 28-33Abstract
The current approach to the treatment of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is to achieve the best possible glucose control. Past clinical trials have shown that glycemia plays a key role in the prevention of both macro- and microvascular complications. During the past 20 years, a number of new medications to control blood glucose have been introduced, and new approaches to the use of older medications have been developed. Weight and diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, are closely related. Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes, and the current increase in obesity in our society has fueled a major increase in the expression of this disease. Not only does weight, through the mechanism of insulin resistance, aggravate hyperglycemia, it also increases the risk for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and other conditions that lead to cardiovascular disease.Keywords
Glycemia, Obesity, Hyperglycemia, Hypertension, HyperlipidemiaReferences
- Cambon-Thomsen, A.; Rial-Sebbag, E.; Knoppers, B. M. (2007). "Trends in ethical and legal frameworks for the use of human biobanks". European Respiratory Journal 30 (2): 373–382. doi:10.1183/09031936.00165006. PMID 17666560.
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (March 2011). "Oral Diabetes Medications for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. An Update". Comparative Effectiveness Review number 27 (AHRQ Pub. No. 11-EHC038-1). Retrieved 28 November 2012.
- Bennett, W. L.; Maruthur, N. M.; Singh, S.; Segal, J. B.; Wilson, L. M.; Chatterjee, R.; Marinopoulos, S. S.; Puhan, M. A. et al. (2011). "Comparative effectiveness and safety of medications for type 2 diabetes: An update including new drugs and 2-drug combinations". Annals of internal medicine 154 (9): 602–613. doi:10.1059/0003-4819-154-9-201105030-00336. PMID 21403054.
- Elizabeth D Agabegi; Agabegi, Steven S. (2008). Step-Up to Medicine (Step-Up Series). Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-7153-6.
- Eurich; McAlister, FA; Blackburn, DF; Majumdar, SR; Tsuyuki, RT; Varney, J; Johnson, JA (2007). "Benefits and harms of antidiabetic agents in patients with diabetes and heart failure: systematic review.". BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 335 (7618): 497. doi:10.1136/bmj.39314.620174.80. PMC 1971204. PMID 17761999.
- Fimognari; Pastorelli, R; Incalzi, RA (2006). "Phenformininduced lactic acidosis in an older diabetic patient: a recurrent drama (phenformin and lactic acidosis).". Diabetes Care 29 (4): 950–1. doi:10.2337/diacare.29.04.06.dc06-0012. PMID 16567854.
- Verdonck; Sangster, B; Van Heijst, AN; De Gischolar_main, G; Maes, RA (1981). "Buformin concentrations in a case of fatal lactic acidosis.” Diabetologia 20 (1): 45–6. doi:10.1007/BF01789112. PMID 7202882.
- Nissen; Wolski, K (2007). "Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes.". The New England Journal of Medicine 356 (24): 2457–71. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa072761. PMID 17517853. Lay summary – Associated Press (May 21, 2007).
- Wood, Shelley (2007-07-31). "FDA Advisory Panels Acknowledge Signal of Risk With Rosiglitazone, but Stop Short of Recommending Its Withdrawal". Heartwire. Retrieved 2007-09-21.
- Ajjan; Grant, PJ (2008). "The cardiovascular safety of rosiglitazone.” Expert opinion on drug safety 7 (4): 367–76. doi:10.1517/14740338.7.4.367. PMID 18613801.
- Erdmann; Dormandy, JA; Charbonnel, B; Massi-Benedetti, M; Moules, IK; Skene, AM; Proactive, Investigators (2007). "The effect of pioglitazone on recurrent myocardial infarction in 2,445 patients with type 2 diabetes and previous myocardial infarction: results from the PROactive (PROactive 05) Study.". Journal of the American College of Cardiology 49 (17): 1772–80. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.12.048. PMID 17466227.
- Rendell (2004). "Advances in diabetes for the millennium: drug therapy of type 2 diabetes.". MedGenMed : Medscape general medicine 6 (3 Suppl): 9. PMC 1474831. PMID 15647714.
- Konno; Tortorelis, DG; Fullerton, SA; Samadi, AA; Hettiarachchi, J; Tazaki, H (2001). "A possible hypoglycaemic effect of maitake mushroom on type 2 diabetic patients.” Diabetic Medicine 18 (12): 1010. doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2001.00532- 5.x. PMID 11903406.
- Hong; Xun, M; Wutong, W (2007). "Anti-diabetic effect of an alpha-glucan from fruit body of maitake (Grifola frondosa) on KK-Ay mice.". The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology 59
- (4): 575–82. doi:10.1211/jpp.59.4.0013. PMID 17430642. 15. Kubo; Aoki, H; Nanba, H (1994). "Anti-diabetic activity present in the fruit body of Grifola frondosa (Maitake). I.". Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 17 (8): 1106–10. doi:10.1248/bpb.17.1106. PMID 7820117.
- Lo, HC; Hsu, TH; Chen, CY (2008). "Submerged culture mycelium and broth of Grifola frondosa improve glycemic responses in diabetic rats.” The American journal of Chinese medicine 36 (2): 265–85. doi:10.1142/S0192415X0800576X. PMID 18457360.
- Yeh, GY; Eisenberg, DM, Kaptchuk, TJ, Phillips, RS (2003 Apr). "Systematic review of herbs and dietary supplements for glycemic control in diabetes.". Diabetes Care 26 (4): 1277–94. doi:10.2337/diacare.26.4.1277. PMID 12663610.
- Kirkham, S; Akilen, R, Sharma, S, Tsiami, A (2009 Dec). "The potential of cinnamon to reduce blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance.". Diabetes, obesity and metabolism 11 (12): 1100–13. doi:10.1111/j.1463- 1326.2009.01094.x. PMID 19930003.
- Balk, EM; Tatsioni, A; Lichtenstein, AH; Lau, J; Pittas, AG (2007). "Effect of chromium supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipids: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials". Diabetes Care 30 (8): 2154–63. doi:10.2337/dc06-0996. PMID 17519436.
- Cooke DW, Plotnick L (November 2008). "Type 1 diabetes mellitus in pediatrics". Pediatr Rev 29 (11): 374–84; quiz 385. doi:10.1542/pir.29-11-374. PMID 18977856.
- Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (2010). "Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: A collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies". The Lancet 375 (9733): 2215–22. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60484- 9. PMC 2904878. PMID 20609967.
- Boussageon R, Bejan-Angoulvant T, Saadatian-Elahi M, Lafont S, Bergeonneau C, Kassaï B, Erpeldinger S, Wright JM, Gueyffier F, Cornu C (2011). "Effect of intensive glucose lowering treatment on all cause mortality, cardiovascular death, and microvascular events in type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials". BMJ 343: d4169. doi:10.1136/bmj.d4169. PMC 3144314. PMID 21791495.
- Risérus U, Willet W (January 2009). "Dietary fats and prevention of type 2 diabetes". Progress in Lipid Research 48 (1): 44–51. doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2008.10.002. PMC 2654180. PMID 19032965.
- Unless otherwise specified, reference is: Table 20-5 in Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson. Robbins Basic Pathology. Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2973-7. 8th edition.
- Sattar N, Preiss, D, Murray, HM, Welsh, P, Buckley, BM, de Craen, AJ, Seshasai, SR, McMurray, JJ, Freeman, DJ (February 2010). "Statins and risk of incident diabetes: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomised statin trials". The Lancet 375 (9716): 735–42. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61965-6. PMID 20167359.
- Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and intermediate hyperglycemia: report of a WHO/IDF consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2006. p. 21. ISBN 978-92-4-159493-6.
- Vijan, S (March 2010). "Type 2 diabetes". Annals of Internal Medicine 152 (5): ITC31-15. doi:10.1059/0003-4819-152-5- 201003020-01003. PMID 20194231.
- Saydah SH, Miret M, Sung J, Varas C, Gause D, Brancati FL (August 2001). "Postchallenge hyperglycemia and mortality in a national sample of U.S. adults". Diabetes Care 24 (8): 1397–402. doi:10.2337/diacare.24.8.1397. PMID 11473076.
- Santaguida PL, Balion C, Hunt D, Morrison K, Gerstein H, Raina P, Booker L, Yazdi H. "Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Impaired Fasting Glucose". Summary of Evidence Report/Technology Assessment, No. 128. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Retrieved 2008-07-20.
- Selvin E, Steffes MW, Zhu H, Matsushita K, Wagenknecht L, Pankow J, Coresh J, Brancati FL (2010). "Glycated hemoglobin, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk in nondiabetic adults". N. Engl. J. Med. 362 (9): 800–11. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0908359. PMC 2872990. PMID 20200384.
- Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY, Genuth SM, Lachin JM, Orchard TJ, Raskin P, Zinman B; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study Research Group (December 2005). "Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes". The New England Journal of Medicine 353 (25): 2643–53. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa052187. PMC 2637991. PMID 16371630
- Hollander P, Maggs DG, Ruggles JA, Fineman M, Shen L, Kolterman OG, Weyer C: Effect of pramlintide on weight in overweight and obese insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients. Obes Res 12:661–668, 2004
- Ratner RE, Dickey R, Fineman M, Maggs DG, Shen L, Strobel SA, Weyer C, Kolterman OG: Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjuct to insulin therapy improves longterm glycaemic and weight control in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a 1-year, randomized controlled trial. Diabet Med 21:1204–1212, 2004
- Beating Cancer with Natural Plant Sources
Abstract Views :558 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 Saroj Institute of Technology & Management, Ahimamau , P.O. Arjunganj , Sultanpur Road, Lucknow-226002, Uttar Pradesh, IN
1 Saroj Institute of Technology & Management, Ahimamau , P.O. Arjunganj , Sultanpur Road, Lucknow-226002, Uttar Pradesh, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 3, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 39-44Abstract
Medicinal plants continue to play a central role in the healthcare system of large proportions of the world's population. This is particularly true in developing countries, where herbal medicine has a long and uninterrupted history of use. Continuous usage of herbal medicine by a large proportion of the population in the developing countries is largely due to the high cost of Western pharmaceuticals and healthcare. Every year, millions of people are diagnosed with cancer, leading to death in a majority of the cases. Specific part of it is formulated into suitable preparations compressed as tablets or made into pills, used to make infusions, extracts, tinctures, etc., or mixed with excipients to make lotions, ointments, creams, etc. Few herbal drugs are subject to legislative control. The plant based drug discovery resulted mainly in the development of anticancer agents including plants (vincristine, vinblastine, etoposide, paclitaxel, camptothecin, topotecan and irinotecan). Beside this there is numerous agents identified from fruits and vegetables can used in anticancer therapy. The agents include curcumin (turmeric), resveratrol (red grapes, peanuts and berries), genistein (soybean), diallyl sulfide, S-allyl cysteine (allium), allicin (garlic), lycopene (tomato), capsaicin (red chilli), diosgenin, 6-gingerol (ginger), ellagic acid (pomegranate), ursolic acid (apple, pears), silymarin (milk thistle), anethol, catechins, eugenol, indole-3-carbinol, limonene, beta carotene, and dietary fiber. In this review active principle derived from natural products are offering a great opportunity to evaluate not only totally new chemical classes of anticancer agents, but also novel lead compound and potentially relevant mechanisms of action.Keywords
Herbal Medicine, Pharmaceuticals, Healthcare, Infusions, Extracts, Tinctures, Anticancer AgentsReferences
- Ancuceanu, R.V., Istudor, V., (2004). Pharmacologically active natural compounds for lung cancer. Altern Med Rev.,9: 402-419.
- Deng, F., Lu, J.J., Liu, H.Y., Lin, L.P., Ding, J., Zhang, J.S., (2011). Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel salvicine analogues. Chin Chem Lett.,22: 25-28.
- Dixon, R.A., Ferreira, D., (2002). Molecules of interest: genistein. Phytochemistry.,60: 205-211.
- Kingston, D.G.I., (2007). The shape of things to come: structural and synthetic studies of taxol and related compounds. Phytochemistry.,68(14): 1844-1854.
- Sa, G., Das, T., Banerjee, S., Chakraborty, J., (2010). Curcumin: from exotic spice to modern anticancer drug. Al Ameen J Med Sci.,3: 21-37.
- Okouneva, T., Hill, B.T., Wilson, L., Jordan, M.A., (2003). The effects of vinflunine, vinorelbine, and vinblastine on centromere dynamics. Mol Cancer Ther.,2: 427-436.
- Pan, L., Chai, H., Kinghom, A.D., (2010). The continuing search for antitumor agents from higher plants. Phytochem Lett.,3: 1-8.
- Ley, C.D., Horsmany, M.R., Kristjansen,P.E.G., (2007). Early effects ofcombretastatin-A4 disodium phosphateon tumor perfusion and interstitial fluidpressure. Neoplasia.,9: 108-112.
- Kingston, D.G.I., (2007). The shape of things to come: structural and synthetic studies of taxol and related compounds. Phytochemistry.,68(14): 1844-1854.
- Dubey, K.K., Ray, A.R., Behera, B.K., (2008). Production of demethylated colchicine through microbial transformation and scale-up process development. Process Biochem.,43: 251-257.
- Hazra, B., Sarma, M.D., Sanyal, U., (2004). Separation methods of quinonoid constituents of plants used in oriental traditional medicines. J Chromatogr B.,812: 259-275
- Fulda, S., (2008). Betulinic acid for cancer treatment and prevention. Int J Mol Sci.,9: 1096-1107.
- Cragg, G.M., Newman, D.J., (2005). Plants as a source of anticancer agents. J Ethnopharmacol.,100: 72-79.
- Ancuceanu, R.V., Istudor, V., (2004). Pharmacologically active natural compounds for lung cancer. Altern Med Rev.,9: 402-419.
- Deng, F., Lu, J.J., Liu, H.Y., Lin, L.P., Ding, J., Zhang, J.S., (2011). Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel salvicine analogues. Chin Chem Lett.,22: 25-28.
- Dixon, R.A., Ferreira, D., (2002). Molecules of interest: genistein. Phytochemistry.,60: 205-211.
- Kingston, D.G.I., (2007). The shape of things to come: structural and synthetic studies of taxol and related compounds. Phytochemistry.,68(14): 1844-1854.
- Okouneva, T., Hill, B.T., Wilson, L., Jordan, M.A., (2003). The effects of vinflunine, vinorelbine, and vinblastine on centromere dynamics. Mol Cancer Ther.,2: 427-436
- Cymbopogon Citrates Oil Showing Antimicrobial Activity against Microbes of Environmental, Clinical and Food Origin
Abstract Views :576 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 Saroj Institute of Technology & Management, Ahimamau P.O. Arjunganj Sultanpur Road, Lucknow-226002,Uttar Pradesh
2 Saroj Institute of Technology & Management, Ahimamau P.O. Arjunganj Sultanpur Road, Lucknow-226002,Uttar Pradesh, IN
1 Saroj Institute of Technology & Management, Ahimamau P.O. Arjunganj Sultanpur Road, Lucknow-226002,Uttar Pradesh
2 Saroj Institute of Technology & Management, Ahimamau P.O. Arjunganj Sultanpur Road, Lucknow-226002,Uttar Pradesh, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 3, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 67-72Abstract
Out of the 1114 strains belonging to 29 genera and 105 species of microbes (molds, yeasts and bacteria) isolated from different sources [clinical cases, environment (water, air, soil, droppings of lizards and birds), food and healthy animals], 38.2% were sensitive to lemongrass oil discs containing 50 μg oil/disc. All molds, yeasts, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Morganella morganii, most of the Bacillus spp. Strains (84.3%), aeromonads (78%), Edwardsiella spp. (73.9%), 53.6% pseudomonads, 53.1% streptococci and 50% of Budvicia aquatica and Leminorella ghirmontii strains were sensitive to lemongrass oil (LGO). On the other hand, all Hafnea alvei, Laclercia adecarboxylata, Xenorhabdus luminescens and majority of Salmonella enterica (98.3%), Citrobacter spp. (93.7%), Providencia spp. and Kluyvera cryocrescens (83.3%), Enterobacter spp. (78.2%), Proteus spp. (78%), Escherichia spp. (77.7%), enterococci (73.7%), Serratia spp. (75%) and Erwinia ananas (75%), Pragia fontium (70.6%), staphylococci (69.8%) and Klebsiella spp. (62.7%) strains were resistant to LGO. MIC of LGO for sensitive strains (tested against discs containing 50 μg LGO) varied from 1 μg to 32 μg /ml while none of the resistant strains had MIC <64 μg LGO/ ml. MIC for yeast strains was the least i.e., 1 μg LGO/ ml. LGO had microbicidal activity on E. coli, S. aureus and Candida albicans. LGO instantly killed C. albicans and E. coli, and S. aureus in 10 min at 1 mg/ ml concentration, indicating of its wide spectrum antimicrobial activity at easily achievable concentrations. Study also indicated that LGO is more effective on enterococci in aerobic instead of microaerophilic growth conditions, it is indicative that in-vivo sensitivity results may differ from in-vitro tests.Keywords
Lemongrass Oil, Antimicrobial Activity, Microbes, Microaerophilic GrowthReferences
- Abd-El Fattah SM, Hassan ASY, Bayoum HM, Eissa HA (2010). The use of lemongrass extracts as antimicrobial and food additive potential in yoghurt. J. Am. Sci. 6: 582-594.
- Abu-Seif FA, Abdel-Fattah ShM, Abo Sreia YH, Shaaban HA, Ramadan MM (2009). Antifungal properties of some medicinal plants against undesirable and mycotoxin-producing fungi. J. Agric. Mansuora Univ. 34: 1745-1756.
- Aibinu I, Adenipekun T, Adelowowtan T, Ogunsanya T, Odugbemi T (2007). Evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of different parts of Citrus aurantifolia (lime fruit) as used locally. Afr. J. Tradit. CAM. 2: 185-190.
- Alam K, Agua T, Maren H, Taies R, Rao KS, Burrows I, Hubber ME, Rali T (1994). Preliminary screening of seaweeds, seagrass and lemongrass oil from Papua New Guinea for antimicrobial and antifungal activity. International J. Pharmacogn. 32: 396-399.
- Alippi MA, Ringuelet JA, Cerimele EL, Re MS, Henning CP (1996). Antimicrobial activity of some essential oil against Paenibacillus larvae, the causal organism of Americal foulbrood disease. J Herbs Spices Med. Plants. 4: 9-16.
- Ali-Shtayeh MS, Abu Ghdeib SI (1999). Antimycotic activity of twentytwo plants used in folkloric medicine in the Palestinian area for the treatment of skin diseases suggestive of dermatophyte infection. Mycoses. 42: 665-672.
- Barnett JA, Payne RW, Yarrow D (2000). Yeasts: characteristics and identification. 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, U.K. Brian TS, Ikhlas AK (2002). Comparison of extraction methods for marker compounds in the essential oil of lemongrass by GC. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50: 1345-1349.
- Chao SC, Young DG (2000). Screening of antibacterial activity of essential oils on selected bacteria, fungi and viruses. J. Essent. Oil Res. 12: 630-649.
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2008). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Eighteenth informational supplement CLSI document M100-S18, Wayne.
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2009). Method for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacterial that grow aerobically; approved standard - Eighth Edition. CLSI document M07-A8, Wayne.
- da Silva CdB, Guterres SS, Weisheimer V, Schapoval EES (2008). Antifungal activity of the lemongrass oil and citral against Candida spp. Braz. J. Infect. Dis. 12: 1-14.
- Depken KL (2011). Properties of Lemon Grass. http://www.ehow.com/about_5382246_properties-lemongrass. html.
- Ferdinand FJ, Esther U, Tayo A, Omotoyin A (2009). Evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of unripe banana (Musa sapientum L.), lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus S.) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on pathogens. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 8: 1176- 1182.
- Ghani KU, Saeed A, Alam AT (1997). Indusyonic Medicine; Traditional Medicine of Herbal, Animal and Mineral Origin in Pakistan. University of Karachi.
- Helal GA, Sarhan MM, Abu Shahla ANK, El-Khai EKA (2006). Antimicrobial activity of some essential oils against microorganisms deteriorating fruit juices. Mycobiol. 34: 219-229.
- Holt JG, Sneath PHA, Mair MS, Sharpee ME (1986). Bergey,s manual of systematic bacteriology, vol. 2. Williams & Wilkins, 428 east Preston Street, Baltemore, MD 211202, U.S.A.
- Huynh KP, Maridable J, Gaspillo P, Hasika M, Malaluan R, Kawasaki J (2008). Essential oil from lemongrass extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide and steam distillation. The Phillippine Agric. Sci. 91: 36-41.
- Inouye S, Takizava T, Yamaguchi H (2001). Antibacterial activity of essential oils and their major constituents against respiratory tract pathogens by gaseous contact. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 47: 565- 573.
- Cheel J, Theoduloz C, Rodríguez J, Schmeda-Hirschmann G (2005). Free radical scavengers and antioxidants from Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 53: 2511-2517.
- King P, Citron DM, Griffith DC, Lomovskaya O, Dudley MN (2010). Effect of oxygen limitation on the in vitro activity of levofloxacin and other antibiotics administered by the aerosol route against Pseudomonas aeruginosa from cystic fibrosis patients. Diagnostic Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 66: 181-186.
- Lalitha MK (2004). Manual on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. (www.ijmm.org/documents/ Antimicrobial.doc)
- Lawless J (1995). Illustrated Encyclopedia of Essential Oil: The Complete Guide to use of Oil in Aromatheraphy and Herbalism. Element Books: Rockport, MA, pp 56-67.
- National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (2003). Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically. Approved Standard - NCCLS document M7- A6, Wayne.
- Nieto S, Gorrido A, Ssanhaeza J, Loyala LA, Marale G, Leighton FG, Valenzula A (1993). Flavonoid as stabilizers fish oil: an alternative to synthetic antioxidants. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 70: 773-778.
- Odugbemi T (2006). Medicinal plants as antimicrobials In: Outline and pictures of Medicinal plants from Nigeria. University of Lagos press. pp. 53-64.
- Ohno T, Kita M, Yamaoka Y, Imamura S, Yamamoto T, Mitsufuji S, Kodama T, Kashima K, Imanishi I (2003) Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against Helicobacter pylori. J. Helicobacter. 8: 207- 215.
- Onawunmi GO (1989). Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of citral. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 9: 105-108
- Patker KI, Usha CM, Shetty SH, Paster N, Lacey J (1993). Effect of spice oils on growth and aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus flavus. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 17: 49-51.
- Pearson O (2010). The Antibacterial Properties of Essential Oils. http://www.livestrong.com/article/168697-theantibacterialproperties- of-essential-oils/# ixzz1W7u9hn6K.
- Pratt DE, Hudson BJF (1991). Antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds in meat model systems. In phenol compounds in food and their effects on health. AC Symposium Serieus 506; American Chemical Society, 1990. Washington, DC, 1991; pp 214-222.
- Raper K B, Fennell DI (1977). The genus Aspergillus Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company. Huntington, New York.
- Saify ZS, Mustaq N, Noor F, Naqvi SBS, Mardi SA (2000). Antimicrobial activity of some commonly used herbs. Pakistan J. Pharm. Sci. 13: 1-3.
- Saikia D, Shantha Kumar TR, Kaliol AP, Khanuja SPS (1999). Comparative bioevaluation of essential oil of three species of Cymbopogon for their antimicrobial activities. J. Med. Arom. Plant Sci. 21:24.
- Sharma A, Tayung K, Baruah AKS, Sharma TC (2003). Antibacterial activity of lemongrass [Cymbopogon fleuosus (Steud) Wats] inflorescence oil. Indian Perfum. 47:389-393.
- Sue C, Gary Y, Craig O, Karen N (2008). Inhibition of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by essential oils. Flavour Frag. J. 23: 444–449.
- Syed M, Qumar S, Riaz M, Choudhary FM (1995). Essential oil of the family Gramineae with antimicrobial activity part II. The antimicrobial activity of a local variety of Cymbopogon citratus and its dependence of storage. Pakistan J. Sci. Ind. Res. 38:146- 148.
- Ushimaru PI, Mariama TN, Luiz C, Di Luciano B, Ary FJ (2007). Antibacterial activity of medicinal plant extract. Braz. J. Microbial. 38:717-719.
- Psychological Intervention in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Case Study
Abstract Views :626 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Suman Hooda
1,
Poonam Gupta
2
Affiliations
1 Hope Psychiatric & Deaddiction Clinic, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Psychiatry PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
1 Hope Psychiatric & Deaddiction Clinic, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Psychiatry PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, Vol 5, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 139-140Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by the presence of obsessions and/or compulsions that consume time and significantly interfere with the individual's daily routines, work, family or social life, causing marked distress. Exposure and response prevention (ERP) is the psychological treatment of choice for OCD. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) along with ERP is more effective to reduce or eliminate the person's maladaptive appraisals of the personal significance of the intrusive thoughts. A case study of a patient who came with chief complaints of low mood, excessive worry, anxiety excessive washing of hands&household articles with disturbed day to day activities. Who was brought by her family members for treatment and management in Deptt.of Psychiatry, PGIMS, Rohtak is reported here. For management of patient following assessment was done. A detail behavior Analysis was done to assess the frequency, duration, intensity and distress related to problem behavior. Yale Brown Obsessive compulsive Scale (YBOCS), Beck Depression inventory (BDI-II) and visual analogue scale (VAS) was also applied. After assessments 16 sessions of ERP and CBT was given to manage the patient. After therapy a post assessment of symptoms was also done. Finding reveal improvement in YBOC, BDI-II scores and distress on VAS. Psychological intervention play important role in management of OCD symptoms.Keywords
No Keywords- A Review on Marketing of OTC Drugs
Abstract Views :800 |
PDF Views:3
Authors
Affiliations
1 Saroj Institute of Technology and Management, Ahimamau P.O. Arjunganj Sultanpur Road, Lucknow, IN
1 Saroj Institute of Technology and Management, Ahimamau P.O. Arjunganj Sultanpur Road, Lucknow, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 3, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 72-78Abstract
Purchase and use of OTC drugs without full knowledge is not only a waste of resources for all stakeholders but can be harmful for consumers. Creating awareness of rational drug use is only possible through continued public education with a broad vision of good health and wellbeing of the society. In developed economies, the four As of marketing has been addressed fairly well but in India, the accessibility and awareness is still on a lower side especially for allopathic OTC drugs .In India, the import, manufacture, distribution and sale of drugs and cosmetics are regulated by the Drugs and Cosmetics Act (DCA) and its subordinate legislation, the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules (DCR).Keywords
Over the Counter (OTC) Drugs, Pharmaceutical Company, Continuous Pharmacist Education (CPE), Corporate Social Opportunity (CSO), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Ottom of Pyramid (BOP).References
- Over-the-Counter Medicines: What's Right for You?. Fda.gov (2009-04-30). Retrieved on 2012-07-04.
- The New Over-the-Counter Medicine Label: Take a Look. Fda.gov (2012-04-27). Retrieved on 2012-07-04.
- FDA Approves Plan B One-Step Emergency Contraceptive; Lowers Age for Obtaining Two-Dose Plan B Emergency Contraceptive without a Prescription. Fda.gov. Retrieved on 2012-07-04.
- FDA Approves Over-the-Counter Access for Plan B for Women 18 and Older. Fda.gov (2009-04-30). Retrieved on 2012-07-04.
- Alexander, GC; Mohajir N, Meltzer DO (2005). "Consumers' perceptions about risk of and access to nonprescription medications". Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 45 (3): 363-370. doi:10.1331/1544345054003868. PMID 15991758.
- "Over-the-counter Viagra piloted". BBC News. 2007-02-11. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
- Eric P. Brass-"Changing the status of drugs from prescription to over the counter availability"-New England J. Medicine, Vol: 345, No.11, Sept13, 2001.
- Erin E.Baca, Juan Holguin Jr. and Andreas W. Stratemeyer, "Direct to consumer advertising and young consumers; building brand value", The Journal of Consumer Marketing (2005); 379- 387.
- George S. Day and David B. Montgomery (1999), "Charting new directions for marketing", Journal of Marketing, Vol.63 (Special Issue 1999), 3-13.
- India 2020-A vision for the New Millennium -A.P.J.Abdul Kalam and Y.S.Rajan-1998 M.E. Porter and Mark R. Kramer - "Strategy and society", HBR, Dec; 2006.
- M.Tolga Akcura, Fusun F. Gonul, Elina Petrova, "Consumer learning and brand valuation; an application on over the counter drugs", Marketing Science, Vol: 23, No.1, Winter 2004, 156-169
- Nirmalya Kumar-"Strategies to fight low cost rivals", HBR, Dec; 2006.
- Richard F. Beltramini-"Consumer believability of information in direct to consumer (DTC) advertising of prescription drugs", Journal of Business Ethics (2006) 63; 333-343.
- Svensson, Goran (2001), "Re-evaluating the marketing concept", European Business Review, V-13, N-2, 95- 100.
- Usha Arora and Girish Taneja-"An analytical study of physician's behaviour towards marketing of pharmaceutical products", Indian Journal of Marketing, Nov: 2006.
- Wilson O. Erhun and Mercy O. Erhun-"The qualitative impact of broadcast media advertisement on the perception of medicines in Nigeria", Journal of Consumer Behaviour, Vol 31, 8-19.
- Eric P. Brass-"Changing the status of drugs from prescription to over the counter availability"-New England J. Medicine, Vol: 345, No.11, Sept13, 2001.
- Erin E.Baca, Juan Holguin Jr. and Andreas W. Stratemeyer, "Direct to consumer advertising and young consumers; building brand value", The Journal of Consumer Marketing (2005); 379- 387.
- George S. Day and David B. Montgomery (1999), "Charting new directions for marketing", Journal of Marketing,Vol.63 (Special Issue 1999), 3-13.
- India 2020-A vision for the New Millennium-A.P.J.Abdul Kalam and Y.S.Rajan-1998
- M.E. Porter and Mark R. Kramer -"Strategy and society", HBR, Dec; 2006.
- M.Tolga Akcura, Fusun F. Gonul, Elina Petrova, "Consumer learning and brand valuation; an application on over the counter drugs", Marketing Science, Vol: 23, No.1, Winter 2004, 156-169
- Nirmalya Kumar-"Strategies to fight low cost rivals", HBR, Dec; 2006.
- Richard F. Beltramini-"Consumer believability of information in direct to consumer (DTC) advertising of prescription drugs", Journal of Business Ethics (2006) 63; 333-343.
- Svensson, Goran (2001), "Re-evaluating the marketing concept", European Business Review,V-13,N-2,95- 100.
- Usha Arora and Girish Taneja-"An analytical study of physician's behaviour towards marketing of pharmaceutical products", Indian Journal of Marketing, Nov: 2006.
- Wilson O. Erhun and Mercy O. Erhun-"The qualitative impact of broadcast media advertisement on the perception of medicines in Nigeria", Journal of Consumer Behaviour, Vol 31, 8-19.
- FDA Approves Plan B One-Step Emergency Contraceptive; Lowers Age for Obtaining Two-Dose Plan B Emergency Contraceptive without a Prescription. Fda.gov. Retrieved on 2012-07-04.
- FDA Approves Over-the-Counter Access for Plan B for Women 18 and Older. Fda.gov (2009-04-30). Retrieved on 2012-07-04.
- Alexander, GC; Mohajir N, Meltzer DO (2005). "Consumers' perceptions about risk of and access to nonprescription medications". Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 45 (3): 363-370. doi:10.1331/1544345054003868. PMID 15991758.
- India 2020-A vision for the New Millennium-A.P.J.Abdul Kalam and Y.S.Rajan-1998 M.E. Porter and Mark R. Kramer - "Strategy and society", HBR, Dec; 2006.
- M.Tolga Akcura, Fusun F. Gonul, Elina Petrova, "Consumer learning and brand valuation; an application on over the counter drugs", Marketing Science, Vol: 23, No.1, Winter 2004, 156-169
- Nirmalya Kumar-"Strategies to fight low cost rivals", HBR, Dec; 2006.
- Richard F. Beltramini-"Consumer believability of information in direct to consumer (DTC) advertising of prescription drugs", Journal of Business Ethics (2006) 63; 333-343.
- Svensson, Goran (2001), "Re-evaluating the marketing concept", European Business Review, V-13, N-2, 95- 100.
- Usha Arora and Girish Taneja-"An analytical study of physician's behaviour towards marketing of pharmaceutical products", Indian Journal of Marketing, Nov: 2006.
- Svensson, Goran (2001), "Re-evaluating the marketing concept", European Business Review, V-13, N-2, 95- 100.
- Usha Arora and Girish Taneja-"An analytical study of physician's behaviour towards marketing of pharmaceutical products", Indian Journal of Marketing, Nov: 2006.
- A Review-Miracle of Nanotechnology in Cosmetics
Abstract Views :521 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Azad Institute of Pharmacy & Research Azadpur, Adjacent CRPF Camp, Bijnour, Lucknow - 226 002, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 AMA Herbal Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., 352/116-G, Talkatora Road, P.O. Rajajipuram, Lucknow-226017, Uttar Pradesh, IN
3 Saroj Institute of Technology and Management, Ahimamau P.O. Arjunganj Sultanpur Road, Lucknow-226002,Uttar Pradesh, IN
1 Azad Institute of Pharmacy & Research Azadpur, Adjacent CRPF Camp, Bijnour, Lucknow - 226 002, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 AMA Herbal Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., 352/116-G, Talkatora Road, P.O. Rajajipuram, Lucknow-226017, Uttar Pradesh, IN
3 Saroj Institute of Technology and Management, Ahimamau P.O. Arjunganj Sultanpur Road, Lucknow-226002,Uttar Pradesh, IN
Source
Research Journal of Topical and Cosmetic Sciences, Vol 5, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 15-22Abstract
The cosmetics industry is large, with sales over $200 billion. Personal care products are a growing part of the chemical industry worldwide. Compared to industries involved in nanotechnology, it is modest. Nanotechnology entered the field of comsetics and health products nearly 40 years ago with moisturing creams that used liposomes, a vesical of phospholipid layers with an aquaeus core. The applications of nanotechnology and nanomaterials can be found in many cosmetic products including moisturizers, hair care products, make up and sunscreen. Nanomaterials are now being used in leading cosmetic products, most commonly as chemicals used to give the protection in sunscreens. Encapsulation and carrier systems like liposomes, nanoemulsions, microemulsions or lipid nanoparticles serve to transport agents to deeper skin layers. Nanoparticles of titan dioxide and zinc oxide are used as UV filters in sunscreens. There is little evidence supporting the principle that smaller particles have greater effects on the skin or other tissues or produce novel toxicities relative to micro-sized materials. Overall, the current weight of evidence suggests that nano-materials such as nano-sized vesicles or TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles currently used in cosmetic preparations or sunscreens pose no risk to human skin or human health, although other Nano particle may have properties that warrant safety evaluation on a case-by-case basis before human use. Recently, concerns over the safety of such nanocosmetics are raised and have forced the cosmetic industries to limit the use of nanotechnology in cosmetics and for enforcing laws to undergo a full-fledged safety assessment before they enter into the market. In this review, emphasis is made on the types of nanomaterials used in cosmetics by the various cosmetic brands, the potential risks caused by them both to human life and also to the environment and what all regulations have been undertaken or can be taken to overcome them.Keywords
Liposomes, Nanomaterials, Nanoemulsions, Micro Emulsions, Lipid Nanoparticles.- Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacterial Isolates from the Sprouts of Moth Bean (Vigna aconitifolia Jacq.)
Abstract Views :354 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Bhagwant Institute of Pharmacy, Muzaffarnagar, IN
2 Krishna College of Pharmacy, Bijnor, IN
3 Krishna College of Science and Information Technology, Bijnor, IN
1 Bhagwant Institute of Pharmacy, Muzaffarnagar, IN
2 Krishna College of Pharmacy, Bijnor, IN
3 Krishna College of Science and Information Technology, Bijnor, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 6, No 2 (2014), Pagination: 81-84Abstract
Moth Bean Sprouts are well known for their high nutritive value and digestibility. They are rich in enzymes, bioavailable vitamins, minerals, amino acids and fibers. Survey of sprouted seeds available at retail venders has shown the presence of various pathogenic bacteria like Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella and Klebsiella, which is of concern for health conscious public. In the present study antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates from moth bean sprouts is done in order to determine which antimicrobial agent is to use against specific strains of bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates from moth bean sprouts was examined against 10 antibiotics viz. Ampicillin, Amoxycillin, Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol, Oxacillin, Gentamicin, Voriconazole, Rifampicin, Methicillin, Norfloxacin.Keywords
Moth Bean Sprouts, Bacterial Isolates, Antibiotic Susceptibility.- A Review-Miracle of Nanotechnology in Cosmetics
Abstract Views :385 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
Affiliations
1 Azad Institute of Pharmacy & Research, Azadpur, Adjacent CRPF Camp, Bijnour, Lucknow-226002, UP, IN
2 AMA Herbal Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., 352/116-G, Talkatora Road, P.O. Rajajipuram, Lucknow-226017, UP, IN
3 Saroj Institute of Technology and Management, Ahimamau P.O. Arjunganj, Sultanpur Road, Lucknow-226002, Uttar Pradesh, IN
1 Azad Institute of Pharmacy & Research, Azadpur, Adjacent CRPF Camp, Bijnour, Lucknow-226002, UP, IN
2 AMA Herbal Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., 352/116-G, Talkatora Road, P.O. Rajajipuram, Lucknow-226017, UP, IN
3 Saroj Institute of Technology and Management, Ahimamau P.O. Arjunganj, Sultanpur Road, Lucknow-226002, Uttar Pradesh, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Vol 4, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 16-23Abstract
The cosmetics industry is large, with sales over $200 billion. Personal care products are a growing part of the chemical industry worldwide. Compared to industries involved in nanotechnology, it is modest. Nanotechnology entered the field of comsetics and health products nearly 40 years ago with moisturing creams that used liposomes, a vesical of phospholipid layers with an aquaeus core. The applications of nanotechnology and nanomaterials can be found in many cosmetic products including moisturizers, hair care products, make up and sunscreen. Nanomaterials are now being used in leading cosmetic products, most commonly as chemicals used to give the protection in sunscreens. Encapsulation and carrier systems like liposomes, nanoemulsions, microemulsions or lipid nanoparticles serve to transport agents to deeper skin layers. Nanoparticles of titan dioxide and zinc oxide are used as UV filters in sunscreens. There is little evidence supporting the principle that smaller particles have greater effects on the skin or other tissues or produce novel toxicities relative to micro-sized materials. Overall, the current weight of evidence suggests that nano-materials such as nano-sized vesicles or TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles currently used in cosmetic preparations or sunscreens pose no risk to human skin or human health, although other Nano particle may have properties that warrant safety evaluation on a case-by-case basis before human use. Recently, concerns over the safety of such nanocosmetics are raised and have forced the cosmetic industries to limit the use of nanotechnology in cosmetics and for enforcing laws to undergo a full-fledged safety assessment before they enter into the market. In this review, emphasis is made on the types of nanomaterials used in cosmetics by the various cosmetic brands, the potential risks caused by them both to human life and also to the environment and what all regulations have been undertaken or can be taken to overcome them.Keywords
Liposomes, Nanomaterials, Nanoemulsions, Micro Emulsions, Lipid Nanoparticles.- A Review-Biomedical Engineering-Present and Future Prospective
Abstract Views :455 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
Affiliations
1 Saroj Institute of Technology & Management, Ahimamau P.O. Arjunganj, Sultanpur Road, Lucknow, IN
1 Saroj Institute of Technology & Management, Ahimamau P.O. Arjunganj, Sultanpur Road, Lucknow, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Vol 3, No 4 (2013), Pagination: 202-206Abstract
Biomedical engineering is the application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes. This field seeks to close the gap between engineering and medicine: It combines the design and problem solving skills of engineering with medical and biological sciences to advance healthcare treatment, including diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. Much of the work in biomedical engineering consists of research and development, spanning a broad array of subfields. Prominent biomedical engineering applications include the development of biocompatible prostheses, various diagnostic and therapeutic medical devices ranging from clinical equipment to micro-implants, common imaging equipment such as MRIs and EEGs, regenerative tissue growth, pharmaceutical drugs and therapeutic biological. But more often, sub-disciplines within BME are classified by their association(s) with other more established engineering fields, which can include:
• Biochemical-BME, based on Chemical engineering - often associated with biochemical, cellular, molecular and tissue engineering, biomaterials, and biotransport.
• Bioelectrical-BME, based on Electrical engineering and Computer Science - often associated with bioelectrical and neural engineering, bioinstrumentation, biomedical imaging, and medical devices. This also tends to encompass optics and optical engineering - biomedical optics, bioinformatics, imaging and related medical devices.
• Biomechanical-BME, based on Mechanical engineering - often associated with biomechanics, biotransport, medical devices, and modeling of biological systems, like soft tissue mechanics.
RoHS seeks to limit the dangerous substances in circulation in electronics products, in particular toxins and heavy metals, which are subsequently released into the environment when such devices are recycled. IEC 60601-1-11 (2010) must now be incorporated into the design and verification of a wide range of home use and point of care medical devices along with other applicable standards in the IEC 60601 3rd edition series.
Keywords
Diagnosis, Monitoring, Therapy, Biocompatible Prostheses, RoHS, IEC 60601-1-11.- A Review-Living with Butterfly Skin Disease
Abstract Views :311 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
Mohd. Yaqub Khan
1,
Poonam Gupta
1,
Bipin Bihari
1,
Vinod Kumar Singh
1,
Sanjay Kumar Yadav
1,
Aparna Misra
1
Affiliations
1 Saroj Institute of Technology & Management, Ahimamau P.O. Arjunganj, Sultanpur Road, Lucknow-226002, IN
1 Saroj Institute of Technology & Management, Ahimamau P.O. Arjunganj, Sultanpur Road, Lucknow-226002, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Vol 3, No 3 (2013), Pagination: 144-150Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is an inherited connective tissue disease causing blisters in the skin and mucosal membranes, with an incidence of 1/50,000. Its severity ranges from mild to lethal. The skin is extremely fragile: minor mechanical friction or trauma will separate the layers of the skin and form blisters. People with this condition have an increased risk of cancers of the skin, and many will eventually be diagnosed with it as a complication of the chronic damage done to the skin. The skin has three layers; the outermost layer is the epidermis, and the middle layer is the dermis. In individuals with healthy skin, there are protein anchors between the layers that prevent them from moving independently from one another (shearing). In people born with EB, these top skin layers lack the protein anchors that hold them together, and any action that creates friction between them (like rubbing or pressure) will create blisters and painful sores. Sufferers of EB have compared the sores with third-degree burns. Current clinical research at the University of Minnesota has included a bone marrow transplant to a 2-year-old child who is one of 2 brothers with EB. Sulforaphane, a compound found in broccoli, was found to reduce blistering in a mouse model to the point where affected pups could not be identified visually, when injected into pregnant mice (5 μmol/day = 0.9 mg) and applied topically to newborns (1 μmol/day = 0.2 mg in jojoba oil).Keywords
Extremely Fragile, Protein Anchors, Broccoli.- Hydrogel Matrix Diffusion Technology: Development of Controlled Release Formulation Aiming for Enhanced Adherence
Abstract Views :246 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 SERVIER INDIA Private Limited, Bandra Kurla Complex, Bandra (East), Mumbai- 400051, IN
1 SERVIER INDIA Private Limited, Bandra Kurla Complex, Bandra (East), Mumbai- 400051, IN
Source
The Indian Practitioner, Vol 75, No 10 (2022), Pagination: 17-19Abstract
Hydrogels or hydrated matricesare water-based three-dimensional systems with numerous hydrophilic groups. The highly porous hydrogels swell on exposure to water in the gastrointestinal tract creating a mesh-like structure of the polymer cross-links, entrapping the drug particles inside that matrix. Subsequently, the embedded drug particles diffuse through the swollen gel-like layer creating a controlled impediment to drug release. The zones of the dissolved and un-dissolved drug are parted by two sides from the swollen gel region, namely the diffusion front and the erosion front. Drug release can occur by diffusion, erosion, or both. Thus, drug release is modulated by the hydrogel barrier enabling controlled release. This Hydrogel Matrix Diffusion Technology (HMDT) offers dimensional and temporal regulation of drug release patterns. Carbopol polymers also known as smart gels are usually used to manufacture stimuli-responsive (pH or temperature) hydrogels enabling their utilization across therapy areas. Given their several conformable parameters that permit the controlled delivery of various therapeutic agents, hydrogels are exceptional contenders for oral drug delivery. HMDT can help improve adherence by reducing the dosing frequency/pill burden, thereby improving clinical outcomes. This is particularly critical for chronic diseases like diabetes, chronic stable angina, heart failure, hypertension, and several others. There is adequate clinical evidence for example the PROFICIENT study with Ivabradine showing similar clinical effectiveness with a once-daily regimen as multiple-dose regimenswith improved treatment compliance.Keywords
hydrogel matrix diffusion technology, once-daily regimen, chronic diseases, adherence.References
- Liechty WB, Kryscio DR, Slaughter BV, Peppas NA. Polymers for drug delivery systems. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng. 2010;1:149-73.
- Vermonden T, Censi R, Hennink WE. Hydrogels for protein delivery. Chem Rev. 2012;112(5):2853–88.
- Morishita M, Peppas NA. Is the oral route possible for peptide and protein drug delivery? Drug Discov Today. 2006;11(19):905–10.
- Peppas NA, Wood KM, Blanchette JO. Hydrogels for oral delivery of therapeutic proteins. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2004;4(6):1–7.
- Li J, Mooney DJ. Designing hydrogels for controlled drug delivery. Nat Rev Mater. 2016;1(12):16071.
- Yar M, Shahzad S, Siddiqi SA, Mahmood N, Rauf A, Anwar MS, et al. Triethyl orthoformate mediated a novel crosslinking method for the preparation of hydrogels for tissue engineering applications: characterization and in vitro cytocompatibility analysis. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2015;56:154-64.
- Ullah F, Othman MB, Javed F, Ahmad Z, Md Akil H. Classification, processing and application of hydrogels: A review. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2015;57:414-33.
- Ahmed EM. Hydrogel: Preparation, characterization, and applications: A review. J Adv Res. 2015;6(2):105-21.
- Samanta HS, Ray SK. Controlled release of tinidazole and theophylline from chitosan based composite hydrogels. Carbohydr Polym. 2014;106:109-20.
- Bhattarai N, Gunn J, Zhang M. Chitosan-based hydrogels for controlled, localized drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2010;62(1):83- 99.
- Maderuelo C, Zarzuelo A, Lanao JM. Critical factors in the release of drugs from sustained release hydrophilic matrices. J Control Release. 2011;154(1):2-19.
- Colombo P. Swelling: Controlled release in hydrogel matrices for oral route. Adv drug delivery.1993;11: 37-57.
- Nokhodchi A, Raja S, Patel P, Asare-Addo K. The role of oral controlled release matrix tablets in drug delivery systems. Bioimpacts. 2012;2(4):175-87.
- Vasile C et al. New Developments in Medical Applications of Hybrid Hydrogels Containing Natural Polymers. Molecules. 2020;25:1539
- Suhail M, Wu PC, Minhas MU. Using Carbomer-Based Hydrogels for Control the Release Rate of Diclofenac Sodium: Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2020;13(11):399.
- Ron ES, Bromberg LE. Temperature-responsive gels and thermogelling polymer matrices for protein and peptide delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 1998;31(3):197-221.
- Bettini R, Colombo P, Peppas NA. Solubility Effects on Drug Transport through Ph-Sensitive, Swelling-Controlled Release Systems-Transport of Theophylline and Metoclopramide Monohydrochloride. J Control Release. 1995;37:105–111.
- Fogueri LR, Singh S. Smart polymers for controlled delivery of proteins and peptides: a review of patents. Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul. 2009;3(1):40-8.
- Galaev I. ’Smart’ polymers and what they could do in biotechnology and medicine. Trends Biotechnol. 1999;17:335–340.
- Taylor NW, Bagley EB. Tailoring closely packed gel–particle systems for use as thickening agents. J Appl Polym Sci. 1977;21:113– 122.
- EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP), Silano V, Barat Baviera JM, Bolognesi C, Brüschweiler BJ, Chesson A, Cocconcelli PS, et al. Safety assessment of the active substance polyacrylic acid, sodium salt, cross-linked, for use in active food contact materials. EFSA J. 2018;16(11):e05448.
- Ruppar TM, Cooper PS, Mehr DR, Delgado JM, Dunbar-Jacob JM. Medication Adherence Interventions Improve Heart Failure Mortality and Readmission Rates: Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis of Controlled Trials. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(6):e002606.
- Caldeira D, Vaz-Carneiro A, Costa J. The impact of dosing frequency on medication adherence in chronic cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Port Cardiol. 2014;33(7- 8):431-7.
- Rodriguez F, Cannon CP, Steg PG, Kumbhani DJ, Goto S, Smith SC, et al; REACH Registry Investigators. Predictors of long-term adherence to evidence-based cardiovascular disease medications in outpatients with stable atherothrombotic disease: findings from the REACH Registry. Clin Cardiol. 2013;36(12):721-7.
- Kolandaivelu K, Leiden BB, O’Gara PT, Bhatt DL. Non-adherence to cardiovascular medications. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(46):3267-76.
- Tan J, Wang Y, Liu S, Shi Q, Zhou X, Zhou Y, et al. Long-Acting Metformin Vs. Metformin Immediate Release in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:669814.
- Kardas P; COMPASS Investigators. Comparison of once daily versus twice daily oral nitrates in stable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol. 2004;94(2):213-6.
- Mullasari A; PROFICIENT investigators. Efficacy and Safety of Ivabradine Once-Daily Prolonged-Release versus Twice-Daily Immediate-Release Formulation in Patients with Stable Chronic Heart Failure with Systolic Dysfunction: A Randomized, Double- Blind, Phase 3 Non-Inferiority (PROFICIENT) Study. Cardiol Ther. 2020;9(2):505-521.