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Poonam Bharti ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Geography, Punjabi University Patiala, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Classification of soil is a powerful tool to utilize our national soil resources purposefully and scientifically. The soil classification during ancient period in India was based on whether soil is fertile or sterile. The soils of Punjab- Haryana plains developed on the alluvium of the Indus system are dispersed three physiographic and climatic zones, i.e. arider (south & western parts of Punjab-Haryana plains arid to semi-arid hot dry, annual rainfall less than 500 mm, soils coarse to medium textured, alkaline & calcareous); ustic (mostly central Punjab-Haryana plains, semi arid means annual rainfall about 750 mm, soils moderately fine to medium textured, alkaline in reaction); and udio (confined to the northeast fringe strating from sub-humid, less-hot foothills, means annual rainfall over 850 mm, soil varying in texture, neutral to alkaline in reaction. In this paper classification of soils has been discussed and soils can be classified into 8 types.

Keywords

Soil, Classification, Nature, Textured, Alkaline.

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Poonam Bharti ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Geography, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, IN

Abstract

The present paper reveals the district wise sex ratio in Jammu and Kashmir State during 2001-2011. Since the beginning of this century, the sex ratio in the total population has long been low in Jammu and Kashmir. The provisional data in 2011 census showed that the overall sex ratio came down to 883 females per 1000 males against 892 females per 1000 males in 2001. Gender equality continues to remain a dream to the territory of Jammu and Kashmir where the child sex ratio i.e. 0-6 years of age and overall sex ratio have declined sharply between 2001 and 2011. The spatial pattern of sex ratio at the macro, meso and micro-levels reveals a high degree of variation. Decline in sex ratio in Jammu and Kashmir varies considerably from one region to another. Rapid decline in sex ratio is a serious issue which is due to the proving preponderance of males over females at birth which could be attributed to the female foeticide.

Keywords

Sex Ratio, Male-Female, Fertility, Mortality.

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Poonam Bharti ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Geography, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Changes in the size, composition, and distribution of population are closely related with the demographic structure of workforce. On the other hand, the workforce participation rates vary according to the stages of economic development, across culture, age groups, and between sexes. Indian economy has been chiefly agricultural which contributes about one third to the total economy and employs more than half of the workforce. In developing countries agricultural development wholly depends upon the work force. Working force is the economically active part of the population engaged in the production of goods and services. The present paper examines the spatial distribution of workers including total workers, agricultural workers, cultivators and agricultural labourers who were engaged in agriculture sector.

Keywords

Agricultural Workers, Cultivators, Labourers.

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Poonam Bharti ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Geography, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, IN

Abstract

The present paper attempts to analyze the status of Women in India and highlights the Issues and Challenges of Women Empowerment. Women empowered are a nation empowered. Women Empowerment is a global issue and discussion on women's rights are at the front of many formal and informal campaigns worldwide. India is a country of varied culture. The position of women in society is still influenced by social and cultural factors like traditions, customs, and religion, caste, class and income strata. Empowerment of women is seen as a key ischolar_main to reduce the imbalance between the twin genders, which are found in nearly all stage. The status of Women in India has been subjected to many great changes over the past few millenniums. The history of women in India has been eventful. Women play a very important role in society but still women are ignored by the society. Women empowerment commission is a tool to eliminate various women problem and provide right track for them.

Keywords

Women's Empowerment, Gender Discrimination, Violence.

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Poonam Bharti ¹, Shivjeet Kaur ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Geography, PunjabiUniversity Patiala, IN
2 Department of Geography, Punjabi University Patiala, Punjab, IN

Abstract

The major objective of the paper is to analyze the existing patterns of agricultural workers, cultivators and agricultural laborers in Punjab-Haryana Plains during 2011. For achieving the above objective, the study is divided into five parts. Firstly, the proportion of workers to total population is discussed. The second part deals with variations in agricultural workers. But the third part explains the spatial patterns of cultivators. While in fourth part agricultural laborers are discussed. Finally conclusions are drawn and suggestions are made in fifth part. It is observed from the study that average share of workers in the study region is 35.07 per cent which varies between 20.04 per cent in Rohtak district to 42.67 per cent in Mansa district. In case of proportion of agricultural workers to total workers is 40.06 per cent for the study region and recorded lowest of 9.83 per cent in Faridabad district and highest of 63.51 per cent in Jind district. In case of cultivators to total agricultural workers, the region’s average is 68.17 per cent which ranges between 40.67 per cent in Fazilka district to 79.55 per cent in Mahendragarh district. The proportion of agricultural laborers to total agricultural workers in the study region is 41.29 per cent. It is found lowest of 20.45 per cent in case of Mahendragarh district and highest of 59.33 per cent in Fazilka district. It is also found that these spatial variations in total workers, agricultural workers, agricultural laborers and cultivators are governed by the physio-socioeconomic factors. It is also observed that urbanization and industrialization play their significant role in the spatial patterns of these variables. The present study is empirical in nature and is based on secondary sources of data. District is taken as unit of study. Simple statistical methods are used for deriving the results and cartographic techniques are used for mapping the results.

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Sanjay Bedi ¹, Anshu Gupta ², Karun Bhatti ³, Poonam Bharti ⁴

Affiliations
1 Professor, Dept. of Pathology, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Bathinda, IN
2 Professor, Dept. of Pharmacology, MMIMSR, M.M. Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
3 Associate Professor, Dept. of Medicine, MMIMSR, M.M. Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
4 Associate Professor, Dept. of Psychiatry, MMIMSR, M.M. Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN

Abstract

E-learning is one such platform used to help students learn with the use of electronic devices like computers and internet. M-learning is one another emerging methodology that follows all the principles of E-learning but with even smaller electronic tools like smartphones, table ts etc. The use of mobile applications in medical and dental education has been shown to increase student participation, enhance the feedback process and improve communication between student and tutor.

Keywords

E-learning, smartphones, M-learning.

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