Informatics Publishing Limited

Deepali Gharge ¹, Sunil Bavaskar ¹, Todkar Pavan ¹, Pandurang Dhabale ¹

Affiliations
1 Government College of Pharmacy, Karad, Tal. - Karad, Dist. - Satara, 415124, State - Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

To increase the drug response, the pharmacogenomics applicable in pharmacotherapy by studying genomic level of the human being pharmacogenomics examine the role of entire genome in both disease susceptibility and drug response; in an attempt to identify specific genes, human genetic variation RNA and protein expression differences, that are associated with specific diseases and that may be targets for new drugs. Pharmacogenomics show ability to explore not only drug metabolizing polymorphisms but also drug target polymorphism, drug transporter polymorphisms.

 

Many factors influence drug responses including age, gender, body weight, patient health, disease status, diet, smoking, alcohol, and exercise and drug interaction. However despite careful consideration of these factors, there is no guarantee that a given treatment will be effective. It is thought that a major cause for variability in drug responses lies in patient's genetic makeup. Genetic variations can be used to explain inter individual differences in drug response.

 

Pharmacogenomics is the study of how individual's genetic inheritance affects the body's response to drugs. The term comes from the words pharmacology and genomics and is thus the intersection of pharmaceuticals and genetics.

 

Pharmacogenomics holds the promise that drugs might one day be tailor-made for individuals and adapted to each person's own genetic makeup. Environment, diet, age, lifestyle, and state of health all can influence a person's response to medicines, but understanding an individual's genetic makeup to be the key to creating personalized drugs with greater efficacy and safety.

Keywords

Pharmacogenomics, Individual's Genetic Inheritance, Genome, Personalized Drugs.

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Pallavi Salve ¹, Rupali Kirtawade ², Deepali Gharge ², Pandurang Dhabale ², Kishor Burade ²

Affiliations
1 Government College of Pharmacy, Karad, Dist -Satara-415124, M.S., IN
2 Govt. College of Pharmacy, Karad, IN

Abstract

Scientists are very interested in proteomics because it gives a much better understanding of an organism than genomics. First, the level of transcription of a gene gives only a rough estimate of its level of expression into a protein. Whole Genome Sequence gives complete proteins contain, but does not show how proteins function or biological processes occur. Proteomics gives large-scale study of proteins, particularly their structures and functions. Proteomics is a term in the study of genetics which refers to all the proteins expressed by a genome; proteomics involves the identification of proteins in the body and the determination of their role in physiological and pathphysiological functions. The term "proteomics" was coined to make an analogy with genomics, the study of the genes. The word "proteome" is a blend of "protein" and "genome". Proteomics technologies are of major three types Expression Proteomics, Structural Proteomics, Functional Proteomics. Proteomics is applied in various fields like Tumor Metastasis, renal disease diagnosis, Neurology etc. But proteomic technologies hold great promise in the search for clinically useful protein biomarkers for the early detection, diagnosis and prognosis of cancer and for monitoring response to therapy.

Keywords

Proteomics, Genomics, Genome, Proteome.

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Rupali Kirtawade ¹, Pallavi Salve ¹, Chhotaram Seervi ¹, Anita Kulkarni ¹, Pandurang Dhabale ¹

Affiliations
1 Govt. College of Pharmacy, Karad Dist. Satara-415124, M.S., IN

Abstract

Biomarkers are referred to every means of tools for quantifiable measurements of biological homeostasis, which distinguish what is abnormal from normal. In other words any accessible, quantifiable signal that informs about the state of health for biological system. This is a broad definition that encompasses a range of measurements - physical, biochemical and even questionnaires. Also it gives measure changes occur in blood, serum, plasma, enzyme, body fluid and any normal constituent in body, which indicates the disease condition.

Biomarkers also play a very important role in identification of cerebrovascular diseases like Alzheimer's, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Pulmonary Hypertension, lung cancer, Thyroid cancer etc. Whatever the measurement, a good biomarker should possess specific characteristics and be subject to robust statistical analysis. The focus of this review will inform us the potential value of Biomarker in all above said. A biochemical test that indicates the presence of subclinical disease would allow early intervention and possibly a better chance of altering the course of the disease. Although there have been considerable advances, many areas of drug development still require kinetic biomarkers. In principle, biomarker can be developed for any system in which the rate of synthesis or degradation of a protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ribonucleotide or cell is desired. We emphasized on many target pathways of interest to pharmaceutical research and noted the potential for applying stable biomarkers.

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Rupali Kirtawade ¹, Pallavi Salve ¹, Chhotaram Seervi ¹, Kiran Patil ¹, Anita Kulkarni ¹, Pandurang Dhabale ¹

Affiliations
1 Govt. College of Pharmacy, Karad-415124, (Satara), Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Two simple, accurate, precise, reproducible and economical procedures for simultaneous estimation of Atenolol (AT) and Losartan Potassium (LP) in tablet dosage form have been developed. First method based on solving of simultaneous equation using 226 nm (λmax of AT) and 208 nm (λmax of LP) as two analytical wavelengths for both drugs in Methanol solvent. Second method based on an equation of area calculation of curve at two wavelength region (231 to 221 nm and 213 to 203 nm). Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 6-36 μg/ml for AT and 2-16 μg/ml for LP. The results of analysis have been validated statistically and by recovery study.

Keywords

Atenolol, Losartan Potassium, λmax, Simultaneous Estimation Method, Area Under Curve (AUC).

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Deepali Gharge ¹, Pallavi Salve ¹, Chandrakant Raut ¹, Chottaram Seervi ¹, Kundan Pawar ¹, Pandurang Dhabale ¹

Affiliations
1 Government College of Pharmacy, Karad-415124, Dist Satara, M.S, IN

Abstract

Aceclofenac is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with good analgesic and anti-rheumatic properties. Various methods for analysis of the same are available but are time consuming and expensive. Here we have developed a new, precise and simple UV spectrophotometric method for estimation of aceclofenac from tablet formulation. The drug obeyed the Beer’s law and showed good correlation. Absorption maxima of aceclofenac in methanol diluted with glass double distilled water was found to be at 273 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed in concentration range 2-20 mcg/ml. The results of analysis were validated by recovery studies. The recovery was more than 99%. The method was found to be simple, accurate, precise, economical and robust.

Keywords

Aceclofenac, UV-Spectrophotometry, Recovery, Accuracy.

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Deepali Gharge ¹, Pallavi Salve ¹, Chandrakant Raut ¹, Kundan Pawar ¹, Pandurang Dhabale ¹

Affiliations
1 Government College of Pharmacy, Karad-415124, Dist Satara, M.S., IN

Abstract

Microwave chemistry involves the use of microwave radiation to conduct chemical reactions, and essentially pertains to chemical analysis and chemical synthesis. The fundamental mechanism of microwave heating involves agitation of polar molecules or ions that oscillate under the effect of an oscillating electric or magnetic field. In the presence of an oscillating field, particles try to orient themselves or be in phase with the field. Only materials that absorb microwave radiation are relevant to microwave chemistry. These materials can be categorized according to the three main mechanisms of heating, namely:Dipolar polarization, Conduction mechanism, Interfacial polarization. Microwave chemistry apparatus are classified:Single-mode apparatus and Multi-mode apparatus.

Keywords

Microwave Chemistry, Microwave Synthesis, Mechanism, Advantages.

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Pallavi Salve ¹, Deepali Gharge ¹, Rupali Kirtawade ¹, Pandurang Dhabale ¹, Kishor Burade ¹

Affiliations
1 Government College of Pharmacy, Karad-415124, Dist Satara, M.S., IN

Abstract

Amlodipine Besylate is a Calcium channel blocker, anti-hypertensive agent. Various methods for analysis of the same are available but are time consuming and expensive. Here we have developed a new, precise and simple UV spectrophotometric method for estimation of Amlodipine Besylate from tablet formulation. The drug obeyed the Beer’s law and showed good correlation. Absorption maxima of Amlodipine in double distilled water was found to be at 239 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed in concentration range 2-12 mcg/ml. The results of analysis were validated by recovery studies. The recovery was more than 99%. The method was found to be simple, accurate, precise, economical and robust.

Keywords

Amlodipine Besylate, UV Spectrophotometry, Recovery, Accuracy.

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