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P. Shlini ¹, K. R. Siddalinga Murthy ¹

Affiliations
1 DOS in Biochemistry, Central College Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore - 560 001. Karnataka, IN

Abstract

The proteins, phenolics and antioxidants were extracted from defatted tamarind kernel powder (10 % extract) using different aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, buffers and water. The extraction of proteins (8.92 gm/100 gm), phenolics (0.45 gm/100 gm) and antioxidants (1.57 gm/100 gm) were better with 0.1 M NaOH when compared to that of buffers, NaCl and water extraction procedures. Further, a 1 % and 5 % extract of defatted tamarind kernel powder was prepared using different concentrations of NaOH (0.1 M to 0.5 M). Maximun amount of proteins (18.2 %), phenolics (0.58 %) and antioxidants (3.66 %) were extracted (1 % extract of the sample) using 0.1 M NaOH. However, increase in the concentration of NaOH did not improve the extraction efficiency. Phenolics and antioxidants are better extracted with organic solvents. Hence, extraction was carried out using aqueous solutions of acetone, ethanol and methanol (80 % solutions). But, the extraction of proteins (0.4gm/100gm), phenolics (0.1gm/100gm) and antioxidants (0.28gm/100gm) was very much less compared to that of 0.1 M NaOH extraction. In contrast, extraction using different concentration of organic solvent (methanol) in presence of alkali (0.1 M NaOH) resulted higher yields. Methanol at lower concentrations (upto 20 %) did not affect the extraction of proteins (20gm/100gm) and phenolics (1.4gm/100gm), but at higher concentrations (> 20%) decreased the extraction of proteins and phenolics. The reduction in the extraction of proteins is due to the insolubility of proteins at higher concentrations of methanol. On the other hand, the extraction of antioxidant (2.6gm/100gm) was almost constant upto 60% of methanol in presence of alkali. Commercial extraction of proteins from tamarind seed kernels can be carried out employing aqueous organic solvents containing alkali.

Keywords

Tamarind, Defatted Powder, Antioxidant, Radical Scavenging Activity, Total Phenolics.

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P. Shlini ¹, Shahzia Khan ¹, Shivangi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry (PG Biochemistry), Mount Carmel College, Palace Road., Bangalore - 560 052, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Star anise (Illicium verum) is an aromatic evergreen tree bearing purple-red flowers and anise-scented star-shaped fruit. It carry chemical compounds known to have antioxidant, disease preventing and health promoting properties. It's application is in many traditional medicines such as antispasmodic, digestive stimulant and toxic agent. The objective of the study was to fractionate proteins based on solubility and assess its haemgglutinating activity. Protein fractionation was carried out using different solvent such as aqueous, 1.0 M Nacl, 70% ethanol and 0.2% NaOH to extract albumin, globulin, prolamin and glutelins respectively.. The amount of proteins was quantitatively measured. The result of protein fractionation indicated increase in glutelin and decrease in albumin content. The obtained protein fractions were used for determining hemagglutination activity. Agglutination was observed in prolamin fractions and not for the other fractions.

Keywords

Star Anise, Albumins, Globulins, Prolamins, Glutelins, Hemagglutination, Protein Fractionation.

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