Informatics Publishing Limited

Maroju SaiKumar ¹, P. Samundiswary ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics Engineering, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, IN

Abstract

In the domain of VLSI design, the multipliers have play an vital role. Multipliers are the basic building blocks of digital design. Multipliers are used in Digital Signal Processing applications (DSP) such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Finite Impulse Response (FIR) and Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters. In this paper, the design of various multipliers such as Array Multiplier (AM), Modified Radix-2 booth multiplier (MRBM), Ripple Carry Multiplier (RCM) with Row bypassing, Wallace Tree Multiplier (WT), Dadda Multiplier (DM) and Vedic Multiplier (VM) are discussed and their performance parameters such as area and delay are determined and compared. The various multipliers are designed using Verilog HDL. Then, they are simulated and synthesized using Xilinx ISE 13.2 for Virtex-6 family device with a speed grade of -2.

Keywords

Array Multiplier (AM), Modified Radix-2 Booth Multiplier (MRBM), Ripple Carry Multiplier with Row Bypassing (RCM), Wallace Tree Multiplier (WT), Dadda Multiplier (DM) and Vedic Multiplier (VM), FPGA, Xilinx ISE.

Full Text

     

R. Vassoudevan ¹, P. Samundiswary ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet – 605014, Puducherry, IN

Abstract

Objectives: Fourth Generation network namely Long Term Evolution (LTE) plays a vital role in the high data rate wireless communication systems with the support of enhanced Quality of Service (QoS). However the maintenance of QoS during the transmission in LTE network highly deteriorates the endurance of User Equipment (UE) battery. Therefore, it is required to mitigate the trade-off between QoS and power savings of the battery in the LTE network which is a big challenging task. Methods: In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop a new approach namely On-Timer to Short Cycle (OTSC) ratio based Discontinuous reception (DRX) mechanism for LTE network to minimize the packet loss ratio with optimal power consumption . This approach also extends the battery power endurance during the execution of high data rate applications. Further, the performance analysis is made on packet loss ratios with an influence of delay bound violated traffic by incorporating OTSC ratio in DRX mechanism. The packet loss ratio analyses are made with various OTSC ratios for different DRX parameters. The complete analyses are done using MATLAB simulator. Findings: The simulation results portray that the packet loss ratio is reduced based on the selection of appropriate OTSC ratio, during the occurrence of delay bound violation in the traffic. The simulation results also depict that 25% of improvement in the packet loss reduction is achieved with optimal power savings compared to that of the regenerative cycle techniques. Moreover the new approach provides an insight on the proper selection of packet buffer, short cycle timer and inactivity timer values in order to improve QoS and also extend the battery endurance. Applications: This method provides an easier approach for selecting the DRX parameters to improve QoS along with better battery power endurance.

Keywords

Discontinuous Reception, Guaranteed Bit Rate, Long Term Evolution, Packet Loss Ratio, Quality of Service.

Full Text

   

G. Jegan ¹, P. Samundiswary ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics Engineering, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, IN

Abstract

Objective: Wormhole attack is a serious threat to Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) due to its wireless broadcast nature of communication, multi hop nature and resource constraints. Hence, to enhance the security and energy efficiency of a WSN, energy efficient Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is needed to detect and mitigate the attacks. In this paper, an Energy Efficient Intrusion Detection System (EE-IDS) has been proposed for IEEE 802.15.4 based WSN to detect and mitigate the effect of wormhole attacks. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The wormhole attack is detected by using the optimized watchdog system. The optimized watchdog mechanism is a trust based method which is used to evaluate the validity of all the nodes of the network. In proposed approach, the optimization has been done in the selection of watchdog nodes, in order to consume less energy compared to that of the existing approaches. The detection of wormhole attack is also completely relies on the three main factors like trustworthiness, packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay. Findings: The proposed EE-IDS is examined through extensive simulations by considering static and mobility model, and then it is compared with the existing IDS for detecting wormhole attacks. The performance of zigbee WSN is analyzed in terms of metrics such as packet delivery ratio, average end-to-end delay and energy consumption for static model. In mobility model, the Proposed EE-IDS is evaluated in terms of detection rate, false positive rate and detection time. Application/ Improvements: The proposed EE-IDS is used to detect the wormhole attack and improve the energy efficiency in zigbee based wireless sensor networks, which can be used for military, environmental, health and commercial applications.

Keywords

IEEE802.15.4 based WSN, Intrusion Detection System, Optimized Watchdog, Wormhole Attack.

Full Text

   

M. Raj Kumar Naik ¹, P. Samundiswary ²

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, IN
2 Pondicherry Engineering College affiliated to Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, IN

Abstract

The constant miniaturization of sensor devices has empowered the development of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) in which various sensors are attached on clothing or on the body or even implanted under the skin.  Efficient utilization of power in Wireless Body Area Networks is an important issue due to its miniaturized size and light weight of sensor devices. It is observed through the literature survey, that there are different conventional Transmission Power Control (TPC) schemes available for wireless networks. However they are not suitable for WBAN networks because of high temporal variations in it. To overcome that problem, a novel energy-efficient Adaptive Power Control (APC) algorithm is also developed which is based on the feedback from base station to adjust Transmission Power (TP) level adaptively. This improves the performance of algorithm by saving more energy with acceptable Packet Loss Ratio (PLR) and reduces the complexity in implementation to provide desired tradeoff between energy savings and link reliability. In this paper, the overview of Wireless Body Area Network with different TPC schemes is discussed. The survey on various transmission power control schemes of WBANs with the algorithm, merits and limitations is also dealt in this paper.

Keywords

WBAN, TPC, APC, PLR, TP.

Full Text

     

M. Sivasindhu ¹, P. Samundiswary ²

Affiliations
1 Electronics and Communication Engineering from Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, IN
2 Electronics and Communication Engineering from Pondicherry Engineering College affiliated to Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, IN

Abstract

In recent years, increase in the number of mobile user demands seamless connectivity through efficient Vertical Handover (VHO) algorithm among Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (HWNs). VHO algorithm is one of the most challenging tasks for next generation wireless networks (5G). To achieve Always Best Connected (ABC) service among different radio access technologies, the VHO algorithm should be designed in such a way to provide better Quality of Service (QoS) for variety of applications. In order to perform VHO between different access networks, the mobile terminal should be equipped with multiple network interfaces. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the Vertical Handover Decision (VHD) algorithms designed to satisfy both network and user requirements.

Keywords

Heterogeneous Networks, LTE-A, QoS, UMTS, VHO, WLAN, WiMax.

Full Text

     

R. Maria Brigitta ¹, P. Samundiswary ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics Engineering, Pondicherry University, Puducherry – 605014, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The foremost requisite in the IEEE 802.15.4 based WDSN is to utilize the energy efficiently among the mobile sensor nodes since they are limited in their battery resource. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In order to utilize the energy effectively, the nodes are organized as clusters (fixed or adaptive clusters). Hence in this paper, adaptive clustering technique is adapted for IEEE 802.15.4 based WDSN which enables the nodes to change their association with different clusters over time. This enhances the nodes independency besides the conservation of energy. It further utilizes EA-STR protocol for routing the information from the member node to the cluster head. Findings: In the proposed technique, the clusters in the IEEE 802.15.4 based WDSN are organized in the structure of the grid and the nodes utilize the column mobility model to create mobile scenario. Further, the proposed methodology is analyzed through performance metrics such as average residual energy, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and delay by varying the number of clusters from one to five, data rate from 50 kbps to 250 kbps and range from 45m to 125m. The simulation results portray that the proposed methodology with adaptive clustering and EA-STR achieves enhanced average residual energy, PDR and reduced delay thereby surpassing the performance of network with non- adaptive clustering and EA-STR. Improvements/Applications: In future, the proposed model can be extended by incorporating different deployment techniques and mobility models.

Keywords

Adaptive Clustering Technique, Average Residual Energy, Delay, EA-STR, PDR, WDSN

Full Text