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P. Mani ¹, M. Madhusudanan ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Pollution Control Board, Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi-110 032, IN

Abstract

Groundwater meets more than 2/3rd of drinking and agricultural needs of many villages, towns and cities. But its availability and quality remains vulnerable due to pollution, ∼ 57 KL of effluent per tonne of material processed with high pollution load (TDS: 7912-11430 mg/L, COD: 3571-7600 mg/L, chloride: 3278-4199 mg/L, BOD: 1475-1686 mg/L, hardness: 1188-2800 mg/L, sodium : 650-2255 mg/L, TSS: 398-1248 mg/L, sulphate: 370-830 mg/L, alkalinity: 200-1476 mg/L and sulphide: 51-296 mg/L). A CETP with a design capacity of 2500 KLD is in operation since 1996 to manage the wastes from tanneries. The capacity utilization of CETP was poor (only 34%) and important parameters (TSS, TDS, chloride, oil&grease, BOD, COD, sulphide and TKN) of the treated effluent fail to meet the prescribed standards for discharge either into inland surface waters or on land for irrigation. As the treated effluent is stored in an earthen pond and allowed to percolate naturally, the groundwater quality (TDS, chloride, sulphate, alkalinity, hardness, calcium and magnesium) of the nearby villages is also affected and fail to meet standards prescribed for drinking water.

Keywords

Tannery Effluent, CETP, Groundwater Pollution, Dindigul.

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P. Mani ¹, M. Madhusudanan ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Pollution Control Board, Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi-110 032, IN

Abstract

Perundurai Common Effluent Treatment Plant is one of the front runners in implementing 'Zero Liquid Discharge' concept in the treatment and management of effluents from a cluster of textile processing industries. The effluent is segregated into low TDS (< 2100 mg/L) and high TDS (> 2100 mg/L) streams at the individual member units itself and sent to treatment plant through separate pipelines. Low TDS effluent is subjected to primary, secondary and tertiary treatments to recover 77.7 % of the effluent for reuse by the member units. High TDS effluent is treated through Multiple Effect Evaporators and solar evaporation pans or salt recovery plant and converted into solid wastes. Out of a total pollution load of 48 kg/m³ of effluent, only 6.0 kg/m³ is removed through the treatment and the remaining is transferred to solid wastes. The capital investment to implement this scheme comes to Rs. 67,018/m³ with recurring expenditure of Rs. 90/m³.

Keywords

CETP, Zero Liquid Discharge, RO Plant, Evaporators.

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T. Y. Satheeshsa ¹, L. Hemanth ¹, R. Ravitej ¹, P. Mani ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept. of ECE, NCET, Bangalore, IN

Abstract

This template described here deals with the report wherein Holography is the main theme of the whole template and its applications with several automation techniques. The arrangements as per standards for the holographic image is maintained with respect to the design. Followed by the dream-come-true-vision from the holographic visuals, the entire hall where the experiment is carried out is introduced with a whole new level of automation techniques that can be introduced in future theatres and auditoriums. The entire hall is surrounded by the smell producers that is designed with required components and sensors which will be timed accordingly for the production of relevant smell with respect to the visual and placed at all corners of hall for equal spreading of the smell. In addition to the above mentioned introductions, we also experiment with the motion sensors and temperature control and conditioning.

Keywords

Holographic, Automation, Auditoriums.

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S. Subramanian ¹, P. Mani ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore - 641004, Tamil Nadu,, IN

Abstract

The main objective of the current research investigation was to develop and characterize flash release wafers containing Levocetrizine hydrochloride and Montelukast sodium. The formulation of flash release wafers was done by the solvent casting method. HPMC E5 LV, HPMC E50 LV, HPMC Lab grade polymer and plasticizer like glycerol, di-butyl phthalate were screened for wafers formation. Amongst them, HPMC lab-grade as polymer basis and glycerol as plasticizer showed good smooth wafers, acceptable thickness, clear and easy to peel off from the Petri plate. There was no interaction found between drug-drug and drug-excipients by FT-IR spectral analysis and shown that the ingredients used for the formulation of wafers were highly compatible. Then the optimized flash release wafers were evaluated for main parameters like disintegration time, drug content, surface pH, thickness and percentage drug release. Batch ML-7 was found to be optimized formulation of wafers which showed the satisfactory acceptable results of drug content 99.56±1.03of Levocetrizine hydrochloride and 98.92±2.33 of Montelukast sodium, least disintegration time of about 15±0.68 seconds, surface pH was 6.78± 0.010 and percentage drug release of Levocetrizine hydrochloride and Montelukast sodium was 96% and 97.5% at 5th minute. Hence it was found that the optimized formulation ML-7 showed much faster drug release than the oral marketed immediate-release tablet formulation in a 5th minute. This depicted that the formulation containing a lower concentration of polymer and a higher concentration of superdisintegrates showed a positive effect on disintegration time and drug release.

Keywords

Flash release wafers, Levocetrizine hydrochloride, Montelukast sodium, Solvent casting method.

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