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Mahesh, P.
- Kairomonal Effect of Host Body Washing on the Egg Parasitoid Trichogramma brasiliensis (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Biological Control Laboratory, Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN
1 Biological Control Laboratory, Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 25, No 4 (2011), Pagination: 298-304Abstract
Bioassay with hexane extracts of male and female whole body wash of host insects viz., Earias vittella and Spodoptera litura with Trichogramma brasiliensis revealed their kairomonal activities. Whole body extracts of male and female moths were analysed separately by gas chromatography for determining their hydrocarbon profile, which showed the presence of straight chain saturated hydrocarbons ranging from C8 to C35. The concentration of these hydrocarbons ranged from 0.02 µg/g to 2579 µg/g of insect extract. Both the host insects showed variation in number and concentration of these chemicals, which were responsible for influencing the parasitoid activity, parasitism and emergence. The foraging activity of the parasitoid as indicated by parasitoid activity index (PAI) was highest (12.00) in S. litura male body extract at concentration C4 (1000 ppm) followed by (10.83) in E. vittella female body extract at C5 (10,000 ppm) by T. brasiliensis. Maximum percentage parasitism of (45.55) and emergence (12.50) was observed at concentration C4 in S. litura male body extract followed by E. vittella female body extract. Highest overall response was recorded in egg cards treated with whole body wash of male and female of S. litura and E. vittella, respectively, which may be attributed to the presence of more number of favourable saturated hydrocarbons viz.; heneicosane, tricosane, pentacosane, hexacosane, octacosane, and nonacosane, as revealed by GC. These favourable hydrocarbons at appropriate concentration of body extract of E. vittella female and S. litura male could be used for enhancing parasitization by T. brasiliensis.Keywords
Semiochemical, Kairomone, Earias vittella, Spodoptera Litura, Trichogramma brasiliensis.Full Text
References
- Ananthakrishnan, T. N., Senarayan, R., Murugesan, S. and Annadurai, R. S. 1991. Kairomones of Heliothis armigera and Corcyra cephalonica and their influence on the parasitic potential of Trichogramma chilonis (Trichogrammatidae: Hymenoptera). Journal of Biological Sciences, 16: 117–119.
- Ballal C. R. and Singh S. P. 2003. The Effectiveness of Trichogramma chilonis, Trichogramma pretiosum and Trichogramma brasiliense (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) as parasitoids of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and redgram (Cajanus cajan). Biocontrol Science and Technology, 13: 231–240.
- Beevers, M., Lewis, W. J., Gross, H. E. Jr. and Nordlund, D. A. 1981. Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects. X. Laboratory studies of manipulation of host finding behaviour of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley with kairomone extracted from Heliothis zea (Boddie) moth scales. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 7: 635–648.
- Gautam, R. D. 2008. Biological Pest Suppression. Pub. Westville Publishing House, New Delhi, 304 p.
- Gupta, G. P., Rani, S., Birah, A. and M. Raghuraman, 2005a. Mass rearing of the spotted bollworm, Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on an artificial diet. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 25: 134–137.
- Gupta, G. P., Rani, S. Birah, A. and Raghuraman, M. 2005b. Improved artificial diet for mass rearing of the tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 25: 55–58.
- Kumar, A., Kumar, S. and Khan, M. A. 2009. Relative efficacy of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii and Tricho- gramma brasiliensis (Ashmead) alone and combination with endosulfan on chickpea and pigeonpea for control of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner. Journal of Entomological Research, 33 :41–43.
- Lewis, W. J., Jones, R. L. and Sparks, A. N. 1972. A host seeking stimulant for the egg parasite Trichogramma evanescens : its source and a demonstration of its laboratory and field activity. Annals of Entomological Society of America, 65: 1087–1089.
- Lewis, W. J., Jones, R. L., Nordlund, D. A. and Gross, H. R. Jr. 1975. Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects. II. Mechanism causing increase in rate of parasitization by Trichogramma spp. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1: 349–360.
- Mahapatro G. K. and Gupta, G. P. 1999. Characteristic male and female cocoons of spotted bollworm, Earias vittella. Journal of Applied Zoological Research, 10: 151–152.
- Nagarkatti, S. and Nagaraja, H. 1979. The Status of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae). Oriental Insects, 13: 115–118.
- Padmavathi, C. and Paul, A. V. N. 1997. Kairomones by three host insects and their impact on the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis. Indian Journal of Entomology, 59: 85–92.
- Padmavathi, C. and Paul, A. V. N. 1998. Saturated hydrocarbons as kairomonal source for the egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 122: 29–32.
- Paramasivan, A., Paul, A. V. N. and Prem Dureja, 2004. Kairomones of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) and their impact on the egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii. Indian Journal of Entomology, 66: 78–84.
- Paul, A. V. N., Madhu, S. and Singh, D. B. 1997. Kairomonal effect of different host body washing on parasitism by Trichogramma brasiliensis and T. japonicum. Insect Science and its Application, 17: 373–377.
- Singh, P. B. 2003. Role of semiochemicals on natural enemies associated with cotton. Ph.D. Thesis submitted to the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi.
- Srivastava, M. Paul, A. V. N. Prem Dureja, and Singh, A. K. 2008. Response of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to kairomones from three host insects. Journal of Biological Control, 22: 333–340.
- Tumlinson, J. H., Turlings, T. C. J. and Lewis, W. J. 1992. The semiochemical complexes that mediate insect parasitoid foraging, Agriculture and Zoological Reviews, 5: 221–252.
- Occurrence of the Hispa Asamangulia cuspidata and its Parasitoids in South India
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Authors
Affiliations
1 ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
1 ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 109, No 12 (2015), Pagination: 2288-2295Abstract
The occurrence of the leaf miner Asamangulia cuspidata Maulik (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Hispini) on sugarcane in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, is reported here with notes on pest biology and parasitoid activity. A minor pest in a few states of subtropical India, the miner was first noticed in May 2014 during routine surveys. Systematic observations in selected experimental and growers' plots revealed low levels of incidence and intensity, the highest mean attack rates being 4.18% on plant basis and 12.41% on leaf basis. Mean mined leaf area showed a high of 4.24 sq. cm and it constituted 1.28% of the total leaf area. Cross-sections of young and mature mines indicated feeding on softer tissues by the solitary grub in the early stages, but extensive mining by the grown-up grub leading to complete drying of the mined area. One apparently new Bracon sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), two Pediobius spp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and one Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) were recovered from the miner. While Bracon sp. contributed 70% to the overall parasitism rate of 39.3%, the remaining parasitoids accounted for 30% with likely hyperparasitism among them. The possible origin of the miner and the role of parasitoids in its natural control at the present study site are also discussed.Keywords
Leaf Miner, Parasitoids, Parasitism, Pest Biology, Sugarcane.Full Text
- The Mw 7.5 2009 Coco Earthquake, North Andaman Region
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Authors
Affiliations
1 National Geophysical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Hyderabad - 500 007, IN
1 National Geophysical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Hyderabad - 500 007, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 77, No 3 (2011), Pagination: 243-251Abstract
The recent 10 August 2009 Coco earthquake (Mw 7.5), the largest aftershock of the giant 2004 Sumatra Andaman earthquake, occurred within the subducting India plate under the Burma plate. The Coco earthquake nucleated near the northwestern edge of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake rupture under the unruptured updip segment of the plate boundary interface. The earthquake with predominant normal motion on approximately north-south to northeastsouthwest oriented plane is very similar to the 27 June 2008 Little Andaman earthquake which occurred in the South Andaman region near the trench. We provide the only available estimate of coseismic offset due to the 2009 Coco earthquake at a survey-mode GPS site in the north Andaman, located about 60 km south of the Coco earthquake epicentre. The not so large coseismic displacement of about 2 cm in the ESE direction is consistent with the earthquake focal mechanism and its magnitude. We suggest that, like the 2008 Little Andaman earthquake, this earthquake too occurred on one of the approximately north-south to northeast-southwest oriented steep planes of the obliquely subducting 90°E ridge which was reactivated in normal motion after subduction, under the favourable influence of coseismic and ongoing postseismic deformation due to the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake. Another notable feature of this earthquake is its relatively low aftershock productivity. We suggest that the earthquake occurred very close to the aseismic region of the Irrawaddy frontal arc of very low seismicity where pre-existing faults are not so critically stressed and because of which the earthquake could trigger only a few aftershocks in its immediate vicinity.Keywords
2004 Sumatra Andaman Earthquake, Andaman-Sumatra Subduction Zone, GPS Measurements, 90°E Ridge.
- An Improved Approach for OWL-S Service Discovery Using Bipartite and Textual Matching
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Authors
Affiliations
1 PSN College of Engineering & Technology, IN
2 N.I University, IN
1 PSN College of Engineering & Technology, IN
2 N.I University, IN
Source
Data Mining and Knowledge Engineering, Vol 5, No 6 (2013), Pagination: 254-258Abstract
A large number of Web Services structure a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and facilitate the creation of distributed applications over web. The ability to discover and invoke a web service is a major challenge in Service Oriented Architectures (SOA). The matchmaking algorithm is the important component to discover the services. Initially, keyword matchmaking technologies (Syntax-based search) were used to discover the web services. But they had serious limitations-retrieval of many irrelevant services. To overcome this, semantics-based matchmaking algorithms were proposed. Most of the algorithms were based on M. Paolucci et al. It is seen that precision of these algorithms were too low. So our proposed work focuses on improving the matchmaking process by combining functional similarity matching (using bipartite graph) and textual similarity matching. The proposed technique is applied to a sample test collection and experimental results are presented, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the idea.Keywords
Bipartite Graph Matching, Matchmaking Algorithm, Similarity Measurement and Web Service Discovery.- Earthquake swarms in Palghar district, Maharashtra, Deccan Volcanic Province
Abstract Views :423 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Institute of Seismological Research, Raisan, Gandhinagar 382 009, IN
1 Institute of Seismological Research, Raisan, Gandhinagar 382 009, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 118, No 5 (2020), Pagination: 701-704Abstract
The Palghar district of Maharashtra falls in zone III of the seismic zoning map of India, where earthquakes up to magnitude 6.0 can occur1. A swarm activity was started in the Palghar district of Maharashtra in November 2018 and is still continuing (till the end of November 2019). According to reports from the National Centre for Seismology (NCS), more than 1,000 earthquakes of micro-tominor magnitude have occurred in the Dahanu and Talasari talukas of Palghar district, from 3 November 2018 to 15 February 2019. The biggest tremor of magnitude ML 3.7 was recorded on 1 February 2019, at 3.54 PM (IST). The people of Dahanu and Talasari talukas were panicked by the abnormal ground vibration and burst sound that they felt. In fact, Jawahar city in Palghar district has experienced swarms several times earlier.Full Text
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- Web mite Schizotetranychus krungthepensis on sugarcane in India: molecular evidence for occurrence and the way forward
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Section of Entomology, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, India, IN
2 Section of Biotechnology, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, India, IN
3 Section of Physiology, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, India, IN
1 Section of Entomology, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, India, IN
2 Section of Biotechnology, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, India, IN
3 Section of Physiology, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, India, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 123, No 8 (2022), Pagination: 1038-1049Abstract
Following the detection of an incongruity in the nomenclature of sugarcane web mite Schizotetranychus andropogoni (Hirst) (Acari: Tetranychidae), we collected web mite samples from commercial hybrids of sugarcane and Saccharum spontaneum in parts of Tamil Nadu and Kerala States, India. Acarologists identified these samples as Schizotetranychus krungthepensis Naing & Auger (Acari: Tetranychidae), originally described from Thailand in 2014. To provide molecular evidence to distinguish S. krungthepensis from S. andropogoni, we subjected sequences of 5.8S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) genes of both species available in NCBI database to Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA6). The analysis produced phylogenetic trees with distinct clusters for S. andropogoni and S. krungthepensis, albeit with some exceptions, thus providing evidence to consider S. krungthepensis a species distinctly different from S. andropogoni. In view of the possible threat of S. krungthepensis to sugarcane cultivation in the country, we outline the basic course of action needed to manage the pest if it were to assume more serious proportions than the native species it appears to be displacingFull Text
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- Mahesh, P., Srikanth, J., Mahendran, B., Chandran, K., Singaravelu, B. and Salin, K. P., Occurrence of the exotic mite Schizotetranychus krungthepensis (Acarina: Tetranychidae) in sugarcane germplasm in India. Crop Prot., 2021, 144, 105556; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2021.105556.