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P. Kannan

Abstract

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T. M. Reena Sughi ¹, P. Kannan ²

Affiliations
1 Communication System, PET Engineering College, Valliyoor, Tirunelveli, IN
2 Electronics and Communication, PET Engineering College, Valliyoor, Tirunelveli, IN

Abstract

Source localization is one of the major problems in many areas such as radar, sonar, telecommunications, mobile communications and sensor networks. For this process, many positioning algorithms have been proposed. Those techniques used some relative information of the source. But, the exact location of the source can not be found using the existing methods, when thesource is in the moving condition. Recently a new technique called Linear Least Squares Approach is proposed, which provides a better accurate solution. This literature survey discusses all the existing source localization algorithms and their performance.

Keywords

TOA, TDOA, Received Signal Strength, Positioning Algorithms, Shadow Fading.

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T. M. Reena Sughi ¹, P. Kannan ²

Affiliations
1 M.E Communication System, PET Engineering College Valliyoor, Tirunelveli, IN
2 Electronics and Communication, PET Engineering College Valliyoor, Tirunelveli, IN

Abstract

Source localization has been one of the central problems in many fields such as radar, sonar, telecommunications, mobile communications and sensor networks. A common technique for source localization is to utilize signal strength measurements of the emitted source received at an array of spatially separated sensors. The received signal strength (RSS) information defines a set of circular equations from which the source position can be calculated with the knowledge of the sensor positions. But in the conventional methods, shadow fading is the major challenge, which corresponds to multiplicative measurement errors. In order to overcome this shadow fading problem, two linear least squares (LLS) estimators are proposed in this project. The first one is a best linear unbiased estimator while the second is its improved version by exploiting the known relation between the position and range estimates. By using the two estimators, we can get the accurate location of the source. 

Keywords

Best Linear Unbiased Estimator, Received Signal Strength, Positioning Algorithms, Shadow Fading.

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M. Shunmuga Lakshmi ¹, P. Kannan ¹

Affiliations
1 PET Engineering College, Valliyoor, Tirunelveli, IN

Abstract

Free space optical communication systems are generally employed over distances of several kilometers. In the existing method, many ideas have been proposed to analyze the performance of FSO links. The target bit error rate is not found using the existing methods. Recently, the modulation schemes using closed form moment generating function achieves the target BER. This literature survey discusses all the existing methods and their bit error rate performance under weak to strong turbulence conditions.

Keywords

Atmospheric Turbulence, Diversity, Free Space Optical Communication, Coherent Detection, Bit Error Rate.

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P. Santhoshkumar ¹, P. Kannan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology and Wildlife Biology, Government Arts College, Udhagamandalam 643 002, IN

Abstract

The caenophidian snake genus Xylophis Beddome, 1878, is endemic to the southern Western Ghats region of peninsular India. Within the genus Xylophis, three species are currently recognized - Xylophis perroteti (Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril, 1854), Xylophis stenorhynchus (Gunther, 1875) and a new species Xylophis captaini (Gower and Winkler, 2007). Among these snakes, X. perroteti has restricted distribution in the Nilgiris and Wayanaad in North Kerala. This snake found in high ranges of the Western Ghats over 1500 m altitude in Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

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P. Kannan ¹, K. Balasubramanian ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. M. G. R. Educational and Research Institute University, Chennai - 600095, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil - 626126, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Optimization of process parameters to obtain shrinkage free engine piston based on Al-Si casting alloy LM 13 fabricated by gravity die casting. Method/Statistical Analysis: Experimental analysis of design and process parameters like riser sleeve size, center core temperature, pouring metal temperature and solidification time was carried out on Al-Si casting alloy LM 13 based engine piston fabricated by die casting technique. The die casting experiments with different solidification time 90, 120 and 150 seconds and volume of molten metal consumed by different sleeve size were carried out to obtain optimum conditions to produce shrinkage free engine pistons. The die casted engine piston were sectioned and checked for shrinkage at different design and process parameters. Results/Findings: The results showed that there is an effect of centre core temperature towards the shifting of shrinkage from the crown to riser. The center core temperature should not be maintained below 200°C and should be in the range of 200 - 238°C. But it cannot be concluded that the crown shrinkage is only due to the centre core temperature. The molten metal Al-Si is less dense as a liquid than as a solid so castings shrink upon cooling, which can leave a void at the last point to solidify. Risers prevent this by providing molten Al-Si alloy to the casting as it solidifies, so that the shrinkage forms in the riser and not the in engine piston casting. It was found that the size of sleeve size is indirectly proportional to the occurrence of crown shrinkage and increase in size of sleeve size reduces the chances of shrinkage. Engine piston section results showed the shrinkage shifting from casting to riser side by increasing the sleeve size. However the effect of different solidification time and pouring metal temperature was not so significant on the occurrence of shrinkage. Applications/Improvements: The optimized center core pin temperature and riser sleeve size successfully prevented the shrinkage formation in the Al-Si casting alloy LM 13 engine piston casting. This not only helps in improving the casting quality but also in increasing the production.

Keywords

Al-Si Alloy, Engine Pistons, Gravity Die Casting, Shrinkage, Solidification Time

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P. Santhoshkumar ¹, P. Kannan ¹

Affiliations
1 Herpetology Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Wildlife Biology, Government Arts College, Udhagamandalam 643 002, IN

Abstract

Among Indian snakes, ophiophagy behaviour is found in the king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) which regularly feeds on other snakes, and this has also been recorded in many other species like Bungarus fasciatus, Bungarus caeruleus and Calliophis nigrescens. This note documents predation by the Striped narrow-headed snake, Xylophis perroteti on Perrotet's shieldtail snake, Plectrurus perrotetii. Both are endemic species and common in the Nilgiris.

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D. Dinesh ¹, K. Rajan ², M. Shankar ³, K. Manikandan ⁴, V. Kasthuri Thilagam ², P. Kannan ⁵

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Vasad (Gujarat), IN
2 ICAR- Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Udhagamandalam (T.N.), IN
3 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun (Uttarakhand), IN
4 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Agriculture College and Research Institute, TNAU, Madurai (T.N.), IN
5 Dryland Agriculture Research Station, TNAU, Chettinad (T.N.), IN

Abstract

Meeting the food grain demand of ever growing global population is the big challenge to agriculture sector. Plant disease significantly reduces the production of food crops besides affecting the quality adversely. Losses associated with plant diseases in yield reduction ranging from slight to catastrophic depending upon varying factors. Literature review highlighted that an average yield loss of 42% from the six most important food crops. It is vital to manage plant diseases to avoid the yield loss, which helps to meet the food grain demand in simple means. In other way, disease management is helping us to meet the food grain demand of increasing population under shrinkage of cultivable area.

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P. Kannan ¹, G. Bharatha Sreeja ¹, J. Hermus Mary Shifani ²

Affiliations
1 ECE Department, PET Engineering College, Vallioor, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Communication Systems, PET Engineering College, Vallioor, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

The discrete time systems that process data at more than one sampling rate are known as multirate systems. The two basic operations in multirate signal processing are decimation and interpolation.One of the important applications of multirate signal processing is sub-band coding of speech signal. In the proposed system, speech signal is taken as input signal. Additive White Gaussian Noise is added with the input speech signal. The input speech signal spectrum is divided into frequency sub-bands using a bank of finite response filters. Hamming, Hanning, Blackman, Rectangular and Kaiser windowing methods are used to implement the low pass and high pass filters. Finally performance of the proposed system is evaluated on the TIMIT data base using the parameters like leakage factor, main lobe width, side lobe attenuation, peak amplitude of side lobe and signal to noise ratio. The performance evaluation shows which window is suitable for designing the finite impulse response filters and sub-band coding system.

Keywords

Windowing, Signal to Noise Ratio, FIR Filter, Multirate.

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P. Kannan ¹, A. Antony Licy ², R. Shantha Selva Kumari ³

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, PET Engineering College,Vallioor, IN
2 Department of ECE, PET Engineering College, Vallioor, IN
3 Department of ECE, MEPCO Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, IN

Abstract

Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) is a digital amplifier that amplifies a completely low strength signal without drastically degrading its sign to the noise ratio. It's far in any other case known as block down converter. Its miles designed to decrease the additional noise. Here, the low noise amplifier (LNA) is designed the use of a new configuration of high-quality remarks advantage enhancement technique that's suitable for low energy and coffee noise packages. On this proposed technique, additional wonderful comments capacitor is attached to any of the transistor terminal, which will increase voltage benefit due to reducing the entire transconductance. The everyday amplifier circuit is designed the use of energy constrained simultaneous noise and input matching (PCSNIM) method. This technique is used to gain simultaneous enter impedance and minimal noise matching. By means of using this advantage stronger method, the gain of the LNA has been elevated and noise parent is reduced without sacrificing bandwidth, linearity and electricity intake. In this paper we attain 8.620 dB of gain at 4GHz frequency by way of the usage of superb feedback capacitor and interstage matching inductor and also the design of Ultra Wide Band (UWB) LNA provides 14.62dB gain by using inductive source degeneration topology.

Keywords

Block Down Converter, Gain, Positive Feedback, Transconductance.

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M. Emimal ¹, P. Kannan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering , PET Engineering College, Anna University, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, PET Engineering College, Anna University, IN

Abstract

In remote sensing classification of spatial and spectral feature of multispectral images with high accuracy provide greater performance analysis. Wavelet transform is the most preferred transform for classification of both spectral and spatial features. The difficulty present here is the non-availability of directional features. The proposed wavelet based contourlet transform provide salient feature extraction using laplacian pyramid followed by directional filter banks. The extracted features were greatly reduced by using principle component analysis method. By that features the multispectral image has been classified into urban, wasteland, waterbody, hilly region by using fuzzy-c-means clustering algorithm. The wavelet transform is used for low frequency component classification and contourlet transform is used for high frequency component classification on the remote sensing images in the existing method. The aforesaid transforms provide less classification accuracy for remote sensing images. So it is proposed that the wavelet based contourlet transform is to be used for the analysis of both high frequency and low frequency component classification. Hence the proposed method shows that classification accuracy is higher than the existing method.

Keywords

Multispectral Image, Contourlet Transform, Wavelet Transfor, Fuzzy-C-Means Clustering Algorithm &PCA.

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A. Thenmozhi ¹, P. Kannan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, Anna University, Chennai, IN

Abstract

The audio and video synchronization plays an important role in speech recognition and multimedia communication. The audio-video sync is a quite significant problem in live video conferencing. It is due to use of various hardware components which introduces variable delay and software environments. The objective of the synchronization is used to preserve the temporal alignment between the audio and video signals. This paper proposes the audio-video synchronization using spreading codes delay measurement technique. The performance of the proposed method made on home database and achieves 99% synchronization efficiency. The audio-visual signature technique provides a significant reduction in audio-video sync problems and the performance analysis of audio and video synchronization in an effective way. This paper also implements an audio- video synchronizer and analyses its performance in an efficient manner by synchronization efficiency, audio-video time drift and audio-video delay parameters. The simulation result is carried out using mat lab simulation tools and simulink. It is automatically estimating and correcting the timing relationship between the audio and video signals and maintaining the Quality of Service.

Keywords

Audio Spreading Codes, Hamming Distance Correlation, Spectrograph, Synchronization, Video Spreading Codes.

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A. Thenmozhi ¹, P. Kannan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, IN

Abstract

The audio and video synchronization plays an important role in speech recognition and multimedia communication. The audio-video sync is a quite significant problem in live video conferencing. It is due to use of various hardware components which introduces variable delay and software environments. The synchronization loss between audio and video causes viewers not to enjoy the program and decreases the effectiveness of the programs. The objective of the synchronization is used to preserve the temporal alignment between the audio and video signals. This paper proposes the audio-video synchronization using spreading codes delay measurement technique. The performance of the proposed method made on home database and achieves 99% synchronization efficiency. The audio-visual signature technique provides a significant reduction in audio-video sync problems and the performance analysis of audio and video synchronization in an effective way. This paper also implements an audio- video synchronizer and analyses its performance in an efficient manner by synchronization efficiency, audio-video time drift and audio-video delay parameters. The simulation result is carried out using Matlab simulation tools and Simulink. It is automatically estimating and correcting the timing relationship between the audio and video signals and maintaining the Quality of Service.

Keywords

Synchronization, Software, Hardware, Audio-Visual Spreading Codes, Temporal Alignment.

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S. Sangeetha ¹, P. Kannan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, PET Engineering College, IN

Abstract

Digital filters provide an important role in the world of communication. This paper proposes the design of digital filters for audio application using multi rate signal processing. One of the important applications in multi rate signal processing is sub band coding. The main objective of this paper is to analyze various techniques for designing digital filters for speech signals. Additive White Gaussian Noise is added with the input speech signal. The input speech signal spectrum is divided into frequency sub-bands using down sampling by a factor 2. Various transforms like FFT, FWHT and DWT are applied to the signal and its sub bands. Then the low pass and high pass FIR filters are designed and implemented using windowing techniques and IIR filters are designed and implemented using Butterworth and Chebyshev filters. Finally quantization is performed on the filter coefficients of signal and its sub bands. The performances of digital filters are measured by calculating Signal to Quantization Noise Ratio. From the performance measures this paper concludes that, which filtering technique is most suitable for designing digital filters for speech signals.

Keywords

Digital Filters, Sub Band Coding, FIR, IIR, DWT, FFT, FWHT, Quantization, SQNR.

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M. Meena ¹, P. Kannan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, PET Engineering College, IN

Abstract

In general, antenna is designed for transmit or receive electromagnetic waves. Among different kinds of antenna Microstrip patch antenna is most widely used antenna because of its low profile, easy fabrication and inexpensive. The microstrip patch antenna has another advantage that it can be designed for any shape. There are four different shapes are taken for this analysis. But the major problem with these antennas is narrow bandwidth. In this paper microstrip patch antenna is designed for four different shapes and substrates. The substrate materials are taken according to the dielectric constant values. And the antenna parameters such as gain, directivity, bandwidth and returnloss are variable with different shapes and substrates. Then the antenna parameters are noted and compared using Advanced Design System (ADS) software.

Keywords

ADS, Bandwidth, MSPA, Shape, Substrate Material.

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S. Chakraborty ¹, J. Gowrishankar ², A. Joshi ³, P. Kannan ⁴, R. K. Kohli ⁴, S. C. Lakhotia ⁵, G. Misra ⁶, C. M. Nautiyal ⁷, K. Ramasubramanian ⁸, N. Sathyamurthy ³, A. K. Singhvi ⁹

Affiliations
1 National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, IN
2 Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, IN
3 Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, IN
4 Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, IN
5 Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IN
6 Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, IN
7 Indira Nagar, New Delhi, IN
8 Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, IN
9 Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, IN

Abstract

The outcome of deliberation on various aspects of publication and free access to scientific literature by a panel of nominated fellows from three science academies, viz. Indian National Science Academy, Indian Academy of Sciences, The National Academy of Sciences India, and expert invitees are presented.

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