Refine your search
Collections
Journals
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Jeganathan, P.
- Seasonal Variation in Wildlife Roadkills in Plantations and Tropical Rainforest in the Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, India
Abstract Views :254 |
PDF Views:79
Authors
Affiliations
1 Nature Conservation Foundation, 3076/5, 4th Cross, Gokulam Park, Mysore 570 002, IN
1 Nature Conservation Foundation, 3076/5, 4th Cross, Gokulam Park, Mysore 570 002, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 114, No 03 (2018), Pagination: 619-626Abstract
Wildlife–vehicle collisions on the roads lead to mortality of a range of animal taxa both within and around wildlife reserves. Quantifying and understanding impacts of roads on wildlife mortality are essential for identifying vulnerable taxa and suitable mitigation measures. We studied animal mortality on roads in relation to habitat and season in the Anamalai Tiger Reserve and adjoining Valparai plateau in the Western Ghats, India. Habitats were broadly classified as forest, monoculture plantations (tea, coffee, eucalyptus) and mixed. Eleven road transects of 3–12 km length were surveyed between 9 and 12 times each during monsoon (2011) and summer (2012). We recorded 2969 roadkills (mean = 2.01/km) during the 1473.4 km of road surveys carried out. The overall roadkill rate was 21.2 (± 3.87 SE) individual kills/10 km. Amphibians were most frequent in roadkills (overall roadkill rate of 9.3 ± 2.17 SE kills/10 km, n = 1307), followed by invertebrates and unidentified taxa (7.6 ± 1.81 SE kills/10 km, n = 1066). Roadkill rate was 2.4 times higher in monsoon than summer, with amphibians particularly averaging higher kill rate during monsoon. Frequency of roadkills of various animal groups differed between seasons in different habitats. In both the seasons, most roadkills were recorded mainly in tea, forest, and forest–tea habitats. Relative to length of roads through forest, a disproportionately large number of roadkills of herpetofauna and mammals were recorded in forest habitat. Higher vehicular movements, including tourist traffic, road widening, removal of native plants along roads and construction of sidewalls without breaks obstruct animal movements and may be responsible for roadkills. Designing roads to be more permeable for safe animal movement, particularly where roads pass through forest, and sensitizing highways authorities are essential to reduce animal mortality and make roads more wildlife-friendly in this region.Keywords
Linear Infrastructure Intrusions, Roadkill, Road Ecology, Western Ghats, Wildlife-Vehicle Collisions.Full Text
References
- Goosem, M., Fragmentation impacts caused by roads through rainforests. Curr. Sci., 2007, 93, 1587–1595.
- Laurance, W. F., Goosem, M. and Laurance, S. G., Impacts of roads and linear clearings on tropical forests. Trends Ecol. Evol., 2009, 24, 659–669.
- Forman, R. T. T. et al., Road Ecology: Science and Solutions. Island Press, Washington, DC, 2003.
- Fahrig, L. and Rytwinski, T., Effects of roads on animal abundance: an empirical review and synthesis. Ecol. Soc., 2009, 14(1), 21.
- Garriga, N., Franch, M., Santos, X., Montori, A. and Llorente, G. A., Seasonal variation in vertebrate traffic casualties and its implications for mitigation measures. Landsc. Urban Plan., 2017, 157, 36–44.
- Rajvanshi, A., Mathur, V. B., Teleki, G. C. and Mukherjee, S. K., Roads, Sensitive Habitats and Wildlife: Environmental Guidelines for India and South Asia, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 2001.
- Raman, T. R. S., Framing Ecologically sound Policy on Linear Intrusions Affecting Wildlife Habitats, Background paper. National Board for Wildlife, Ministry of Environment and Forests, India, 2011.
- Kumara, H. N., Sharma, A. K., Kumar, M. A. and Singh, M., Roadkills of wild fauna in Indira Gandhi wildlife sanctuary, Western Ghats, India: implications for management. Biosph. Conserv., 2000, 3, 41–47.
- Vijayakumar, S. P., Vasudevan, K. and Ishwar, N. M., Herpetofaunal mortality on roads in the Anamalai Hills, southern Western Ghats. Hamadryad, 2001, 26, 265–272.
- Sundar, K. S. G., Mortality of herpetofauna, birds and mammals due to vehicular traffic in Etawah district, Uttar Pradesh, India. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 2004, 101, 392–398.
- Pragatheesh, A., Effect of human feeding on the road mortality of Rhesus Macaques on National Highway-7 routed along Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, India. J. Threat. Taxa, 2011, 3, 1656–1662.
- Seshadri, K. S. and Ganesh, T., Faunal mortality on roads due to religious tourism across time and space in protected areas: a case study from south India. Forest Ecol. Manag., 2011, 262, 1713–1721.
- Gubbi, S., Poornesha, H. C. and Madhusudan, M. D., Impact of vehicular traffic on large mammal use of highway-edges in southern India. Curr. Sci., 2012, 102, 1047–1051.
- Seshadri, K. S., Yadav, A. and Gururaja, K. V., Road kills of amphibians in different land use areas from Sharavathi river basin, central Western Ghats, India. J. Threat. Taxa, 2009, 1, 549–552.
- Mudappa, D., Kumar, M. A. and Raman, T. R. S., Restoring nature: wildlife conservation in landscapes fragmented by plantation crops in India. In Nature without Borders (eds Rangarajan, M., Madhusudan, M. D. and Shahabuddin, G.), Orient Blackswan, Hyderabad, 2014, pp. 178–214.
- Kumar, A., Pethiyagoda, R. and Mudappa, D., Western Ghats and Sri Lanka. In Hotspots revisited–Earth’s Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Ecoregions (eds Mittermeier, R. A. et al.), CEMEX, Mexico, 2004, pp. 152–157.
- Le Saout, S. et al., Protected areas and effective biodiversity conservation. Science, 2013, 342, 803–805.
- Pascal, J. P., Wet Evergreen Forests of the Western Ghats of India: Ecology, Structure, Floristic Composition and Succession, Institute Français de Pondichéry, Pondicherry, 1988.
- Mudappa, D. and Raman, T. R. S., Rainforest restoration and wildlife conservation on private lands in the Western Ghats. In Making Conservation Work (eds Shahabuddin, G. and Rangarajan, M.), Permanent Black, Ranikhet, 2007, pp. 210–240.
- Raman, T. R. S., Death on the highway. The Hindu Survey of the Environment, 2009, pp. 113–118.
- Baskaran, N. and Boominathan, D., Road kill of animals by highway traffic in the tropical forests of Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, southern India. J. Threat. Taxa, 2010, 2, 753–759.
- Rao, R. S. P. and Girish, M. K. S., Road kills: assessing insect casualties using indicator taxon. Curr. Sci., 2007, 92, 832–837.
- Roshnath, R. and Cyriac, V. P., Way back home–butterfly roadkills. Zoo’s Print, 2013, 28, 18–20.
- Bhupathy, S., Srinivas, G., Satishkumar, N., Karthik, T. and Madhivanan, P., Herpetofaunal mortality due to vehicular traffic in the Western Ghats, India: a case study. Herpetotropicos, 2011, 5(2), 119–126.
- Smith, D. J., van der Ree, R. and Rosell, C., Wildlife crossing structures: an effective strategy to restore or maintain wildlife connectivity across roads. In Handbook of Road Ecology (eds van der Ree, R., Smith, D. J. and Grilo, C.), John Wiley, Chichester, UK, 2015, pp. 172–183.
- Native Shade Trees Aid Bird Conservation in Tea Plantations in Southern India
Abstract Views :228 |
PDF Views:83
Authors
Affiliations
1 Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311 ‘Amritha’ 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570 017, IN
1 Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311 ‘Amritha’ 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570 017, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 121, No 2 (2021), Pagination: 294-305Abstract
In the Western Ghats, India, we study how different intensities of tea cultivation influence birds. We com-pared bird communities in conventional monoculture tea and mixed-shade tea plantations, both of which use agrochemicals, with organic tea plantations, a rainforest fragment, and continuous rainforest within the Anamalai Tiger Reserve. In 225 point count sur-veys, overall bird species richness and abundance were lowest in conventional tea and up to 33% higher in organic tea. Mixed-shade tea had 40% higher spe-cies richness (including 15 canopy and 4 shrub and mid-storey species – primarily frugivores, nectarivores and insectivores), and 83% higher bird abundance than conventional tea, with a greater proportion of forest-affiliated birds and similarity in species compo-sition with forest sites. The rainforest fragment and continuous rainforest had a higher proportion, richness and abundance of forest-affiliated birds and fewer open-country birds, unlike tea plantations where the pattern was reversed. Habitat associations of 62 bird species in indicator species analysis revea-led similar patterns. Thus organic tea is better than conventional tea for birds, but mixed-shade tea is even better, although still poorer than forests. Retaining or promoting native shade trees in tea plantations will increase bird diversity and abundance, including of forest-affiliated species and support landscape-level bird conservation.Keywords
Bird Community Structure, Indicator Species, Land-Use Change, Shade Trees, Tea Plantations.Full Text
References
- Bhagwat, S. A., Willis, K. J., Birks, H. J. B. and Whittaker, R. J., Agroforestry: a refuge for tropical biodiversity? Trends Ecol. Evol., 2008, 23, 261–267.
- Koh, L. P. and Gardner, T. A., Conservation in human-modified landscapes. In Conservation Biology for All (eds Sodhi, N. S. and Ehrlich, P. R.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2010, pp. 236–261.
- Thiollay, J., The role of traditional agroforests in the conservation of rain forest bird diversity in Sumatra. Conserv. Biol., 1995, 9, 335–353.
- Sidhu, S., Raman, T. R. S. and Goodale, E., Effects of plantations and home-gardens on tropical forest bird communities and mixed-species bird flocks in the southern Western Ghats. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 2010, 107, 91–108.
- Goodale, E. et al., The response of birds and mixed-species bird flocks to human-modified landscapes in Sri Lanka and southern India. For. Ecol. Manage., 2014, 329, 384–392.
- Raman, T. R. S., Effects of habitat structure and adjacent habitats on birds in tropical rainforest fragments and shaded plantations in the Western Ghats, India. Biodivers. Conserv., 2006, 15, 1577–1607.
- Sreekar, R., Mohan, A., Das, S., Agarwal, P. and Vivek, R., Natu-ral windbreaks sustain bird diversity in a tea-dominated Land-scape. PLoS ONE, 2013, 8, 4–11.
- Anand, M. O., Krishnaswamy, J. and Das, A., Proximity to forests drives bird conservation value of coffee plantations: implications for certification. Ecol. Appl., 2008, 18, 1754–1763.
- Zhang, M., Chang, C. and Quan, R., Natural forest at landscape scale is most important for bird conservation in rubber plantation. Biol. Conserv., 2017, 210, 243–252.
- Raman, T. R. S. and Sukumar, R., Responses of tropical rainforest birds to abandoned plantations, edges and logged forest in the Western Ghats, India. Anim. Conserv., 2002, 5, 201–216.
- Shahabuddin, G. and Kumar, R., Influence of anthropogenic disturbance on bird communities in a tropical dry forest: role of vegetation structure. Anim. Conserv., 2006, 9, 404–413.
- Mandal, J. and Raman, T. R. S., Shifting agriculture supports more tropical forest birds than oil palm or teak plantations in Mizoram, northeast India. Condor Ornithol. Appl., 2016, 18, 345–359.
- Koh, L. P., Can oil palm plantations be made more hospitable for forest butterflies and birds? J. Appl. Ecol., 2008, 45, 1002–1009.
- Péron, G. and Crochet, P. A., Edge effect and structure of mixed-species bird flocks in an Afrotropical lowland forest. J. Ornithol., 2009, 150, 585–599.
- Sinu, P. A., Avian pest control in tea plantations of sub-Himalayan plains of Northeast India: mixed-species foraging flock matters. Biol. Control, 2011, 58, 362–366.
- Subasinghe, K., Sumanapala, A. P. and Weerawardhena, S. R., The impact of forest conversion on bird communities in the northern flank of the Knuckles Mountain Forest Range, Sri Lanka. J. Asia-Pac. Biodivers., 2014, 7, 367–373.
- Soh, M. C. K., Sodhi, N. S. and Lim, S. L. H., High sensitivity of montane bird communities to habitat disturbance in Peninsular Malaysia. Biol. Conserv., 2006, 129, 149–166.
- Deikumah, J. P., Kwafo, R., and Konadu, V. A., Land use types influenced avian assemblage structure in a forest–agriculture land-scape in Ghana. Ecol. Evol., 2017, 7, 8685–8697.
- FAO, FAOSTAT: Food and Agriculture Data. FAOSTAT Food Agric. Data, 2020.
- Tea Board, Tea Statistics 2003–2004. Tea Board, Kolkata, 2006.
- Tea Board, Statistics. Tea Statistics, 2020.
- Clay, J., World Agriculture and the Environment, Island Press, Ithaca, 2004.
- Bengtsson, J., Ahnström, J. and Weibull, A.-C., The effects of organic agriculture on biodiversity and abundance: a meta-analysis. J. Appl. Ecol., 2005, 42, 261–269.
- Fuller, R. J. et al., Benefits of organic farming to biodiversity vary among taxa. Biol. Lett., 2005, 1, 431–434.
- Hole, D. G., Perkins, A. J., Wilson, J. D., Alexander, I. H., Grice, P. V. and Evans, A. D., Does organic farming benefit biodiversity? Biol. Conserv., 2005, 122, 113–130.
- Kirk, D. A., Lindsay, K. E. and Brook, R. W., Risk of agricultural practices and habitat change to farmland birds. Avian Conserv. Ecol., 2011, 6, 5.
- Tuck, S. L., Winqvist, C., Mota, F., Ahnström, J., Turnbull, L. A. and Bengtsson, J., Land-use intensity and the effects of organic farming on biodiversity: a hierarchical meta-analysis. J. Appl. Ecol., 2014, 51, 746–755.
- Padoa-Schioppa, E., Baietto, M., Massa, R. and Bottoni, L., Bird communities as bioindicators: the focal species concept in agricul-tural landscapes. Ecol. Indic., 2006, 6, 83–93.
- Whelan, C. J., Wenny, D. G. and Marquis, R. J., Ecosystem ser-vices provided by birds. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 2008, 1134, 25–60.
- Philpott, S. M. et al., Functional richness and ecosystem services: bird predation on arthropods in tropical agroecosystems. Ecol. Appl., 2009, 19, 1858–1867.
- Mandan, J., Patil, V., Narkhede, S., Gunaga, R. and Bhave, S., Birds: a bio-control agent in farmland ecosystem. Indian J. Agro-for., 2014, 16, 15–20.
- Milligan, M. C., Johnson, M. D., Garfinkel, M., Smith, C. J. and Njoroge, P., Quantifying pest control services by birds and ants in Kenyan coffee farms. Biol. Conserv., 2016, 194, 58–65.
- Mudappa, D., Kumar, M. A. and Raman, T. R. S., Restoring nature: wildlife conservation in landscapes fragmented by planta-tion crops in India. In Nature Without Borders (eds Rangarajan, M., Madhusudan, M. D. and Shahabuddin, G.), Orient Black Swan, New Delhi, 2014, pp. 178–214.
- Rathod, I. M. and Aruchamy, S., Spatial analysis of rainfall varia-tion in Coimbatore district Tamil Nadu using GIS. Int. J. Geomat. Geosci., 2010, 1, 106–118.
- Pascal, J. P., Wet Evergreen Forests of the Western Ghats of India: Ecology, Structure, Floristic Composition and Succession, Institute Français de Pondichéry, 1988.
- Bibby, C., Burgess, N., Hill, D. and Mustoe, S., Bird Census Techniques – 2nd Edition, Academic Press, Amsterdam, 2000.
- Buckland, S. T., Rexstad, E. A., Marques, T. A. and Oedekoven, C. S., Distance Sampling: Methods and Applications, Springer International Publishing, 2015.
- Clements, J. F. et al., The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019, 2019; https://www.birds.cornell.edu/ clementschecklist/download/ (accessed on 1 January 2020).
- R Core Team, R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Aus-tria, 2020; https://www.R-project.org/ 40. Ali, S. and Ripley, S. D., Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan, Compact edition. Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1983.
- Wilman, H., Belmaker, J., Simpson, J., de la Rosa, C., Rivadeneira, M. M. and Jetz, W., EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attrib-utes of the world’s birds and mammals. Ecology, 2014, 95, 2027–2027.
- Oksanen, J. et al., Vegan: Community Ecology Package, 2019; https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan
- Gotelli, N. J. and Colwell, R. K., Estimating species richness. In Frontiers in Measuring Biodiversity (eds Magurran, A. E. and McGill, B. J.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2011, pp. 39–54.
- Hothorn, T., Bretz, F. and Westfall, P., Simultaneous inference in general parametric models. Biom. J., 2008, 50, 346–363.
- Clarke, K. R., Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure. Aust. J. Ecol., 1993, 18, 117–143.
- De Cáceres, M. and Legendre, P., Associations between species and groups of sites: indices and statistical inference. Ecology, 2009, 90, 3566–3574.
- Kottawa-Arachchi, J. D., Gamage, R. N., Ariyarathne, H. A. C. K. and Jayathilake, G. G., Avifaunal diversity in a tea plantation eco-system in the up-country of Sri Lanka. In Proceedings of the International Forestry and Environment Symposium 2010 of For-estry and Environmental Science, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka, 2010, pp. 318–327.
- Kottawa-Arachchi, J. D. and Gamage, R. N., Avifaunal diversity and bird community responses to man-made habitats in St Coombs Tea Estate, Sri Lanka. J. Threat. Taxa, 2015, 7, 6878–6890.
- Ahmed, A. and Dey, M., A checklist of the winter bird community in different habitat types of Rosekandy Tea Estate of Assam, India. J. Threat. Taxa, 2014, 6, 5478–5484.
- Yashmita-Ulman, Sharma, M. and Kumar, A., Agroforestry systems as habitat for avian species: assessing its role in conserva-tion. Proc. Zool. Soc., 2018, 71, 127–145.
- Farwig, N., Sajita, N. and Böhning-Gaese, K., Conservation value of forest plantations for bird communities in western Kenya. For. Ecol. Manage., 2008, 255, 3885–3892.
- Tejeda-Cruz, C. and Sutherland, W. J., Bird responses to shade coffee production. Anim. Conserv., 2004, 7, 169–179.
- Smith, C. et al., Bird communities in sun and shade coffee farms in Kenya. Glob. Ecol. Conserv., 2015, 4, 479–490.
- Waltert, M., Mardiastuti, A. and Mühlenberg, M., Effects of land use on bird species richness in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Conserv. Biol., 2004, 18, 1339–1346.
- Hughes, J. B., Daily, G. and Ehrlich, P., Conservation of tropical forest birds in countryside habitats. Ecol. Lett., 2002, 5, 121–129.
- Raman, T. R. S., Community ecology and conservation of mid-elevation tropical rainforest bird communities in the southern Western Ghats, India. Ph.D. thesis, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 2001.
- SoIB, State of India’s Birds, 2020: Range, Trends and Conserva-tion Status, The SoIB Partnership, 2020, p. 50.
- Harvey, C. A. et al., Patterns of animal diversity in different forms of tree cover in agricultural landscapes. Ecol. Appl., 2006, 16, 1986–1999.
- Mendoza, S. V. et al., Consistency in bird use of tree cover across tropical agricultural landscapes. Ecol. Appl., 2014, 24, 158–168.
- Leakey, R. R. B., The role of trees in agroecology and sustainable agriculture in the tropics. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 2014, 52, 113–133.
- Barrios, E. et al., Contribution of trees to the conservation of bio-diversity and ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. Int. J. Biodivers. Sci. Ecosyst. Serv. Manage., 2018, 14, 1–16.
- Karp, D. S. et al., Forest bolsters bird abundance, pest control and coffee yield. Ecol. Lett., 2013, 16, 1339–1347.
- Librán-Embid, F., De Coster, G. and Metzger, J. P., Effects of bird and bat exclusion on coffee pest control at multiple spatial scales. Landsc. Ecol., 2017, 32, 1907–1920.
- Kalita, R. M., Das, A. K. and Nath, A. J., Carbon stock and sequestration potential in biomass of tea agroforestry system in Barak Valley, Assam, North East India. Int. J. Ecol. Environ. Sci., 2017, 42, 107–114.
- Kalita, R., Das, A. and Nath, A., Role of smallholder tea growers in carbon sink management. Curr. Sci., 2019, 116, 1560–1566.
- Mohotti, A. J., Pushpakumara, G. and Singh, V. P., Shade in tea plantations: a new dimension with an agroforestry approach for a climate-smart agricultural landscape system. In Agricultural Re-search for Sustainable Food Systems in Sri Lanka: Volume 2: A Pursuit for Advancements (eds De Silva, R. P. et al.), Springer, Singapore, 2020, pp. 67–87.
- Native Shade Trees Aid Bird Conservation in Tea Plantations in Southern India
Abstract Views :200 |
PDF Views:82
Authors
Affiliations
1 Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311 ‘Amritha’ 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570 017, IN
2 Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311 ‘Amritha’ 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570 017; Present address: C-01, Good Earth Malhar Footprints, Kambipura Taluk, Kengeri Hobli, Bengaluru 560 074, IN
1 Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311 ‘Amritha’ 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570 017, IN
2 Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311 ‘Amritha’ 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570 017; Present address: C-01, Good Earth Malhar Footprints, Kambipura Taluk, Kengeri Hobli, Bengaluru 560 074, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 121, No 3 (2021), Pagination: 421-422Abstract
No Abstract.Keywords
No Keywords.Full Text