Informatics Publishing Limited

S. K. Jalali ¹, S. Sriram ², T. Venkatesan ¹, R. P. More ¹, Omprakash Navik ¹, Y. Lalitha ¹, Rakshit Ojha ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore – 24, Karnataka, IN
2 ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore – 89, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Host-insect and host-plant associated differentiation of genetically divergent microbiota were recorded from economically important egg parasitoid collected from 26 locations in India, Trichogramma chilonis constituted 86.8% of the populations collected. It was recorded from 14 host-insects, 14 different crops and weed plants from 12 states. Nine species of yeast were recorded from parasitoid from 5 host-insects with Wickerhamomyces anamalus was isolated from 36.4% samples and highest numbers were recorded from parasitoid collected on sugarcane. Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas sp. and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from T. chilonis constitute 64.3% of bacterial diversity based on their 16S rDNA sequences. For taxonomic identification using 16s rDNA and ITS sequences, we performed taxonomic classification of total 33 ITS isolates against UNITE Fungal ITS database and assigned taxonomy hierarchy to the sequences. Also, a total of 13 isolates 16s rDNA sequences were taxonomically assigned against RDP 16s rDNA database using RDP Naive Bayesian rRNA Classifier Version 2.1. Most of the species are correctly identified in the respective species members with high confidence threshold value support.

Keywords

Egg Parasitoid, Evolutionary Relationship, Host-Insects, Host-Plants, Microbiota.

Full Text

   

A. N. Shylesha ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, Ankita Gupta ¹, Richa Varshney ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, Pradeeksha Shetty ¹, Rakshit Ojha ¹, Prabhu C. Ganiger ², Omprakash Navik ¹, K. Subaharan ¹, N. Bakthavatsalam ¹, Chandish R. Ballal ¹, A. Raghavendra ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 All India Coordinated Research Project on Small Millets, Univeristy of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru - 560065, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Occurrence of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), commonly known as fall armyworm, in southern India is reported along with associated natural enemies. Severe damage was noticed in Chikkaballapur, Hassan, Shivamogga, Davanagere and Chitradurga during July-August 2018. The incidence ranged from 9.0 to 62.5 percent at various locations, maximum incidence was recorded in Hassan district followed by Chikkaballapur, Davanagere, Shivamogga and Chitradurga. Morphology and molecular based taxonomic tools were used for the identification of this pest. The GenBank accession number MH704433 of Chikkaballapur population was released on 1^st August, 2018 and Barcode obtained from BOLD System-ID: AGIMP054-18. The survey also revealed natural parasitism by egg parasitoids viz., Telenomus sp. (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Trichogramma sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), gregarious larval parasitoid, Glyptapanteles creatonoti (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) solitary larval parasitoid, Campoletis chlorideae Uchida (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and a solitary indeterminate larval-pupal (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ichneumoninae) parasitoid. Spodoptera frugiperda is the first host record for G. creatonoti across the globe. Glyptapanteles creatonoti, being a well established parasitoid of various noctuids in India and Malaysia, was capable of parasitizing S. frugiperda. Besides these, other commonly found bioagents viz., Forficula sp. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) and entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi (Farl.) Samson was also collected in large numbers. We report the natural enemy complex of S. frugiperda for the first time from India. The electro physiological response of Indian population of S. frugiperda male adults to pheromone was established. The studies to manage this pest by any/all means are in progress.

Keywords

Karnataka, Maize, New Pest.

Full Text

   

Omprakash Navik ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, Y. Lalitha ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Germplasm Collection and Characterization, ICAR–National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

The present study was conducted to collect and identify the species of trichogrammatids from eggs of lepidopteran pests infesting the diverse cropping systems in the country. A total of 28 plant species were inspected for the collection of lepidopteran eggs either through collection of insect eggs or by placing sentinel egg cards. The species such as Trichogramma chilonis Ishii, T. achaeae Nagaraja and Nagarkatti, T. danausicida Nagaraja, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja and Tr. armigera Manjunath were recorded naturally occurring with 12 species of lepidopteran insect pests. In nature, the parasitism rate varied from 5.35 to 82.25% by the associated trichogrammatids. A total of 596 sentinel trap cards were placed in the agricultural, vegetables, fruits crops, and grasses on the bunds of fields to trap the egg parasitoids present in the different habitat. Through sentinel cards, three species, viz., T. chilonis, T. achaeae and Tr. bactrae were found inhabit the vegetables and ornamental crops. The percentage of adult emergence from the sentinel trap cards ranged from 70.59 to 100.0%. Natural parasitism of Tr. bactrae recorded for the first time on the eggs of Lampides boeticus L. infesting wild species of Crotalaria. In addition, the natural parasitism of Tr. armigera and Tr. bactrae on the eggs of L. boeticus laid on either cultivated or wild relatives of Crotalaria in undisturbed habitat had higher natural parasitism due to their bright yellow flower attracts parasitoids to parasitize the eggs and conserve these egg parasitoids. Recently, natural parasitism of Trichogramma sp. was recorded on invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) infesting maize in Karnataka. Based on the present work, there could be choice of selecting right species which occur naturally on individual crops.

Keywords

Biological Control, Collection, Cropping System, Egg Parasitoid, Identification.

Full Text

   

Omprakash Navik ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, T. R. Ashika ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR–National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bengaluru − 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

For the first time, the tachinid fly, Exorista xanthaspis (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Tachinidae), was found to parasitize the larvae of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) collected from maize fields in Karnataka, India. The field survey conducted during 2018-19 revealed the occurrence of E. xanthaspis on the larvae of S. frugiperda with the parasitism rate of 1.85 to 4.55% in maize fields. The identity of tachinid parasitoid was confirmed by amplifying Cytochrome Oxidase I gene (CO1-658 bp) and DNA.

Keywords

Parasitoid, Spodoptera frugiperda, Tachinid Fly.

Full Text

   

Priyanka Dupatne ¹, T. Venkatesan ², Omprakash Navik ³, M. Mohan ³, K. M. Venugopal ³, Basavaarya ³, V. Linga ³, Y. Lalitha ³, G. Sivakumar ³, M. Ashwini ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vignan Kendra, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560 065, India, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, India, IN
3 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, India, IN

Abstract

Trichogramma chilonis is an egg parasitoid of lepidopteran pests and widely used in biological control and integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. In this study, the cross-resistance in multiple insecticide-tolerant strain of T. chilonis was evaluated against chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC, spinetoram 11.7% SC and thiamethoxam 12.6% + lambda-cyhalothrin 9.5% ZC. Bioassay studies revealed the highest resistance level against chlorantraniliprole (8.83-fold resistance) over the susceptible population, followed by spinetoram (2.41-fold). Metabolic enzymes carboxylesterase and glutathione S-transferase showed major involvement in the resistant populations, with the highest activity obser­ved against chlorantraniliprole, followed by spinetoram. The resistant population at field recommended doses of chlorantraniliprole (400 ppm), parasitized 52.92% and 44.10% of Corcyra cephalonica and Spodoptera frugiperda eggs respectively, compared to 15.48% and 9.6% parasitism by the susceptible population. Integration and utilization of resistant strains of T. chilonis in IPM programmes can provide improved control of insect pests under insecticide-sprayed conditions and may reduce the insecticide load on crops

Full Text