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Singla, Nikita
- Regional Trade Barriers in South Asia:SAARC Lagging behind ASEAN
Abstract Views :199 |
PDF Views:132
Authors
Affiliations
1 International Affairs (South Asia), Sciences Po, Paris, FR
1 International Affairs (South Asia), Sciences Po, Paris, FR
Source
SAMVAD: International Journal of Management, Vol 12 (2016), Pagination: 54-61Abstract
Low levels of intra-regional trade in SAARC can be attributed to several factors, the primary ones being tariff barriers to trade, non-tariff barriers, trade facilitation barriers and other political factors like India Pakistan territorial dispute. The objective of this paper is to delve deeply into the current trade situation in the South Asia region vis-a-vis levels of informal trade, trade deficiencies - Tariff, Non-Tariff and Facilitation Barriers, and make an assessment as to how the huge untapped economic potential, marred by political impasse, be realized. A case study of the India Pakistan bilateral trade will be discussed to understand the gravity of the problem and a comparative analysis with ASEAN will be presented. Thereafter, a way forward will be suggested for increased intra-regional trade.Keywords
ASEAN, India, Non-Tariff Barriers, Pakistan, SAARC, South Asia, Trade.Full Text
References
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- A Soft Approach to Estimate Woody Volume of a Live Tree
Abstract Views :220 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 School of Electrical Engg. & IT COAE&T, PAU Ludhiana, IN
1 School of Electrical Engg. & IT COAE&T, PAU Ludhiana, IN
Source
Oriental Journal of Computer Science and Technology, Vol 10, No 3 (2017), Pagination: 618-623Abstract
Tree volume is one of the oldest areas of interest and is a crucial task in tree management system. Estimating the woody volume of a live tree is important for economic, scientific purposes and provides a tool to researcher/grower. It provides the useful information about the commercial value of wood to the potential buyer/seller. However, manual methods are being used largely to calculate woody volume of a tree. These methods are based on different log rules, cumbersome and laborious. The present work proposed a digital image processing technique to estimate the woody volume of a live tree. The developed program successfully determines the woody volume of standing tree trunk with MATLAB image processing techniques. In this method three parameters an individual tree were extracted from digital images of the tree. Calibration factor was also calculated to make the method independent of camera distance from the tree. The method was tested on several samples of trees and compared to experimental results. The soft approach generates information about height, diameter and volume of the tree. The percentage error of height, diameter at breast height and volume of standing tree by proposed method and experimental results was found to be less than 6.65%.Keywords
Digital Image Processing, Diameter at Breast Height (DBH), Woody Volume of Live Tree.Full Text
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