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Goyal, Nidhi
- Models of Supportive Supervision for IMNCI Implementation in Selected Districts of Bihar, Orissa and Rajasthan in India
Abstract Views :320 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Madhu Gupta
1,
J Venkatachalam
2,
Nidhi Goyal
1,
Ravinder Kaur
1,
Sonu Goel
1,
Manmeet Kaur
1,
Arun Kumar Aggarwal
1,
Pavitra Mohan
3
Affiliations
1 School of Public Health, PGIMER, Chandigarh, IN
2 Dept of Community Medicine, PIMS, Pondicherry, IN
3 UNICEF, New Delhi, IN
1 School of Public Health, PGIMER, Chandigarh, IN
2 Dept of Community Medicine, PIMS, Pondicherry, IN
3 UNICEF, New Delhi, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 4, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 224-228Abstract
Human resource insufficiency in the resource constraint countries like India insists that the existing human resources are optimally utilized. Supportive supervision is one such strategy to ensure retention of knowledge and skills of existing service providers for optimal implementation of any national health programme. The present study ascertained and documented various models of supportive supervision for implementation of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI) strategy, to reduce under 5 mortality, in terms of its feasibility, sustainability, effectiveness, success and limitation in selected districts of Rajasthan, Orissa and Bihar states in India. The comparison of IMNCI indicators one year after the initiation of supportive supervision had shown that three post natal visits by health workers within 10 days of birth increased by 11.3 %, 20.2% and 37.6% in the districts - Tonk in Rajasthan, Mayurbhanj in Orissa and Vaishali in Bihar, respectively. There was a marked increase in the referral rates for both young infants and sick children in these states. More focused and regular supervisory visits kept health workers motivated and led to better IMNCI indicators in Bihar as compared to Rajasthan and Orissa. Model of supportive supervision involving both internal and external agency was found to be more feasible, sustainable and successful.References
- Unicef : Children_and_the_MDGs. Accessed on 2/3/2012, available at [http://www.unicef.org/ publications/files/Children_and_the_MDGs.pdf]
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- IMNCI Chart booklet. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, 2002.
- Venkatachalam J, Kumar D, Gupta M, Aggarwal AK. Knowledge and skills of primary health care workers trained on integrated management of neonatal and childhood illness: Follow-up assessment 3 years after the training. Indian J Public Health 2011;55:298-302
- Marquez L, Kean L. Making Supervision Supportive and Sustainable: New Approaches to Old Problems, Maximizing Access and Quality Initiative. Washington DC: USAID; 2002. MAQ Paper No: 4, Available online at http://www.k4health.org/system/files/ maqpaperonsupervision.pdf
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- Children’s Vaccine Program at PATH. Guidelines for Implementing Supportive Supervision: A stepby- step guide with tools to support immunization. Seattle: PATH (2003)
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- Changeability Evaluation Model for Object Oriented Software
Abstract Views :217 |
PDF Views:133
Authors
Affiliations
1 BBDU, Lucknow, IN
2 School of Computer Applications, BBDU, Lucknow, IN
1 BBDU, Lucknow, IN
2 School of Computer Applications, BBDU, Lucknow, IN
Source
AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, Vol 9, No 4 (2017), Pagination: 29-37Abstract
Changeability has a direct relation to software maintainability and has a major role in providing high quality maintainable and trustworthy software. The concept of Changeability is a major factor when we design and develop software and its constituents. Developing programs and its constituent components with good changeability continually improves and simplifies test operations and maintenance during and after implementation. It encourages and supports improvement in software quality at design stage in the development of software. The research here highlights the importance of changeability broadly and also as an important aspect of software quality.In this paper a correlation between the major attributes of object oriented design and changeability has been ascertained. A changeability evaluation model using multiple linear regression has been proposed for object oriented design. The validation of the proposed changeability evaluation model is made known by means of experimental tests and the results show that the model is highly significant.
Keywords
Object Oriented Design, Changeability, Maintainability Evaluation, Software Quality, Empirical Validation.References
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- Adam M. Ross1 , Donna H. Rhodes2 , and Daniel E. Hastings3,(2008) “Defining changeability: Reconciling Flexibility, Adaptability, Scalability, Modifiability, and Robustness for Maintaining System Lifecycle Value”, Systems Engineering © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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