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Brian Chadwick ¹, V. N. Vasudev ², Nazeer Ahmed ³

Affiliations
1 Earth Resources Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QE, GB
2 120/45(A), 3rd Block, Tyagarajanagar, Bangalore - 560 028, IN
3 Department of Mines and Geology, 16/3-5, S.P. Complex, Bangalore - 560 027, IN

Abstract

Six formations are defined in a new lithostratigraphy of the volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the schist belt. The formations (Yeshwantnagar, Deogiri, Raman Mala, Donimalai, Taluru, Vibhuti Gudda) young consistently northeast, except for a part of the Taluru Formation in the northeast of the belt. We propose the new term Sandur Group to include these formations. Their combined thickness of c.35 km is in part an effect of thrust thickening. The Sandur Group was deposited in mainly shallow marine environments in a setting comparable with that of unstable mixed-mode basins. An incomplete, upright, synclinal sheath fold dominates the structure in the east of the schist belt, and another incomplete synclinal sheath fold occurs in the west, its hinge areas and northeastern limb having been cut out by a steepened thrust (the Sandur valley discontinuity). The margins of the belt were intruded by syntectonic, multipulse granites with magmatic and crystal-plastic solid-state linear and planar fabrics and the granite emplacement outlasted deformation. HT/LP metamorphism of the schist belt was contemporaneous with deformation and granite emplacement.

The granites are an integral part of the Late Archaean polyphase granite complex in eastern Karnataka and contiguous parts of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, for which we propose the term Dharwar batholith. Published isotopic age data show that its western part includes anatectic granites and relies of Peninsular Gneiss (>2900 Ma), but the eastern part is dominated by juvenile granites. The batholith accreted onto the Archaean foreland to the west comprising Late Archaean marginal basins of the Dharwar Supergroup (Kudremukh. Bababudan-Ranibennur, Chitradurga-Gadag) and their basement of Peninsular Gneiss (>3000 Ma) during Late Archaean plate convergence with NE-SW shortening and sinistral transcurrent displacements. The steep linear belts (Kolar, Ramagiri, Kushtagi. etc.) and irregular tracts (Sandur, Hutti) of volcanic and sedimentary rocks ineastem Karnataka formed as intraarc basins above the evolving Dharwar batholith.

Keywords

Crustal Evolution, Stratigraphy, Structure, Intrusive Granites, Sandur Belt, Karnataka.

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Jayshree Panjikar ¹, H. Chandrashekhar ², M. Muniswamaiah ², Nazeer Ahmed ²

Affiliations
1 Gemmological Institute of Bombay, 29, Gurukul Chambers, 187-189, Mambadevi Road, Bombay-400 002, IN
2 Department of Mines and Geology, Bangalore-560 027, IN

Abstract

The occurrence of corundum in Southern Karnataka is known from a long time in its complex geological environment, especially at the margins of the Clospet pluton. Although the exploitation for corundum has been going on since a long time, no systematic approach was made to study the gemmological characters of the mineral. In this paper the geological and gemmological characters of the gem varieties of corundum from parts of Tumkur and Mysore Districts are described.

Keywords

Gemstones, Corundum, Karnataka.

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Hilal Kashani ¹, Shahab-u-Din ², M. N. Kandhro ¹, Nazeer Ahmed ², Zahid Saeed ³, Asif Nadeem ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, SAU, Tandojam, PK
2 Livestock Research Institute (BAR&DC), PARC, Turbat, PK
3 Department of Agriculture Extension, Panjgoor, Balochistan, PK

Abstract

A field study to evaluate the impact of nitrogen application methods on the growth and yield performance of sesame varieties was carried out at Students’ Experimental Farm, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam during summer 2013. The experiment was laid out in a three replicated randomized complete block design with factorial arrangements. The treatments comprised of three nitrogen application methods (Broadcasting @ 100 kg N ha^-1, Foliar application @ 1% N+Broadcasting: 50 kg N ha^-1 and Fertigation @ 100 kg N ha^-1) and three sesame varieties (S-17, PR-122 and PR-509). The statistical analysis of data showed that  effect of various nitrogen application methods on the growth, seed yield and oil content of sesame varieties was significant (P<0.05). The foliar application of 1% N in combination with broadcasting: 50 kg N ha^-1 showed superiority in performance over rest of the methods in all growth and yield traits particularly seed yield (719.9 kg ha^-1). The sesame plots given nitrogen through fertigation ranked 2^nd in agronomic performance specifically seed yield (533.4 kg ha^-1). The application of nitrogen through broadcasting alone resulted in least growth and yield parameters, particularly seed yield (709.4 kg ha^-1). Among sesame varieties, S-17 showed its superiority for all the growth and yield traits of sesame in particular seed yield (646.7 kg ha^-1), followed by variety PR-509 with 544.7 kg ha^-1 seed yield. However, minimum growth and yield performance was noted in PR-122 which produced 536.3 kg ha^-1 seed yield. As regards, interactive effects, maximum (810.3 kg ha^-1) seed yield of sesame was recorded in the interaction of foliar application @ 1% N+ broadcasting x variety S-17. Hence, it is concluded from the results that 1% foliar application of nitrogen in combination with 50% reduced of N through broadcasting method was found most appropriate for obtaining optimum yield of sesame varieties under agro-ecological conditions of Tandojam, Pakistan

Keywords

N Application, Sesame Varieties, Seed Yield and Oil Content.

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Ramesh Kumar ¹, Nazeer Ahmed ¹, O. Chand Sharma ¹, Shiv Lal ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar-190 007 (J&K), IN

Abstract

Effect of various auxins (IBA, IAA and NAA) on different types of cuttings was investigated to determine efficacy of auxins in promoting ischolar_maining in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Auxin and type of cutting significantly affected ischolar_maining traits. NAA was found to be more effective in promoting early ischolar_maining and inducing profuse ischolar_maining, ischolar_main number, fresh and dry weight of ischolar_mains and longer ischolar_mains. Among the auxins used, earliest ischolar_maining (18.69 days), highest ischolar_maining percentage (58.70 %), number of ischolar_mains (13.18), ischolar_main length (12.26 cm), and, highest fresh and dry weight of ischolar_mains (4.93g and 45.08 mg), respectively, were obtained with NAA @ 500 ppm. Tip cuttings responded better in ischolar_maining-characteristic of carnation - than basal cuttings, and recorded highest ischolar_maining percentage (73.02 %) and number of ischolar_mains (12.25), longest ischolar_mains (10.04cm) and maximum fresh and dry weight of ischolar_mains (4.27 g and 43.19 mg), respectively. Interaction effect of auxin and cutting type was found to the significant, and highest ischolar_maining percentage, (85.26%), number of ischolar_mains (18.36), longest ischolar_mains (14.81cm), and highest fresh and dry weight of ischolar_mains (6.85g and 68.02mg), respectively, observed with NAA @ 500 ppm in tip cuttings.

Keywords

Carnation, Rooting Efficacy, IBA, IAA and NAA.

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