Informatics Publishing Limited

Sanjay A. Burele ¹, Nayan Sharma ¹, Z. Ahmad ¹, Ishwer D. Gupta ²

Affiliations
1 Civil Dept., Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, IN
2 Earthq. Dept., Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, IN

Abstract

Kosi is highly braided river and notorious for its vagaries. During its last two hundred years, it has been shifting laterally towards western direction. It has shifted across a width of over 100 km. The river Kosi has been provided with levees along the banks, at a width ranging from 6 km to 16 km to minimize further shifting of river. The general bed level at many places has risen by 0.1 to 3 m over a period of 50 years due to inadequate velocities in the river for carrying out the sediment. For the minimizing the silting and lateral shifting, it is desirable to explore the possibility of channelizing the river Kosi, which is thought to be one of the method by which the velocities in the river could be increased thereby increasing the sediment carrying capacity of the river. This paper presents the analysis of hydraulic aspects of channelizing the river by using 1D mathematical model HEC-RAS 4.1. Various channelization widths ranging from 800 m to 2000 m were examined keeping the bed profile unchanged and it is found that the channelization width of 1100 m would minimize aggradations and degradation of the river.

Keywords

Channelization, Water Way, Aggradations, Degradation, Sediment Load.

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M. P. Akhtar ¹, Nayan Sharma ², C. S. P. Ojha ³, D. J. Bergstrom ⁴

Affiliations
1 Water Resources, Govt. of Bihar, Patna, IN
2 Dept.of WRD&M, I.I.T. Roorkee, IN
3 CED, I.I.T. Roorkee, IN
4 Dept. of Mech. Engg., U of S, Saskatoon-SK, CA

Abstract

The objective of the study is to present a two dimensional model with incorporated dispersion terms as source term in transport equations for simulation of curvilinear flow field. The comparison of the simulated velocity field and water surface elevation indicated that the incorporation of such terms has reasonably improved the secondary flow scenario.

Keywords

Flow Simulation, Numerical Models, Boundary Fitted Grids, Flow Dispersion, Finite Volume Method, and Secondary Flow.

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Aditi Yadav ¹, Nayan Sharma ¹, Hitesh Upreti ¹, Gopal Das Singhal ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida 201 314, IN

Abstract

In view of the growing water scarcity, particularly in the backdrop of climate change the adoption of water-efficient irrigation systems is becoming indispensable. The study of efficient irrigation systems is lacking in the developing countries like India, which is in turn responsible for the low values of water-use efficiency in agriculture. Therefore in this article, different irrigation systems studied for the developing countries, including the water-efficient and traditional ones, are reappraised. The irrigation systems are assessed on the basis of various factors such as economic parameters, water productivity, water saving and crop yield. Among water-efficient irrigation systems, drip irrigation system (DS) is considered to be the most successful method for water conservation and increased agricultural output. DS not only reduces the cost of supplied water, but also those incurred in the activities such as human labour and other cultivation costs. DS is found suitable for a variety of crops, including cereals, vegetables and cash crops in different regions of the world. Water saving and electricity saving is in the range 40–54% and 26–47% respectively, when DS is compared with the surface irrigation methods. For most of the crops, drip irrigation is found to be the most robust, profitable and cost-effective method of irrigation and could be a possible solution to the growing water shortage in the backdrop of climate change

Keywords

Climate change, crop yield, irrigation systems, water saving, water-use efficiency.

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